Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sameer S. Kadri, Junfeng Sun, Alexander Lawandi, Jeffrey R. Strich, Lindsay M. Busch, Michael Keller, Ahmed Babiker, Christina Yek, Seidu Malik, Janell Krack, John P. Dekker, Alicen B. Spaulding, Emily Ricotta, John H. Powers, Chanu Rhee, Michael Klompas, Janhavi Athale, Tegan K. Boehmer, Adi Gundlapalli, William Bentley, S. Deblina Datta, Robert L. Danner, Cumhur Y. Demirkale, Sarah Warner
Summary: A retrospective cohort study conducted on COVID-19 patients from 558 U.S. hospitals between March and August 2020 found a significant increase in COVID-19 mortality rate with higher surge index percentiles, with the highest mortality rate observed in the 99th percentile and above. The study also revealed that despite increased use of corticosteroids and more judicious intubation in later months, the surge-mortality relationship was stronger in June to August compared to March to May.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ya-Wen Chen, Claudia Orlas, Tommy Kim, David C. Chang, Cassandra M. Kelleher
Summary: Retaining female physicians in the academic health care workforce is necessary, and this study found that female physicians were more likely to leave academia than male physicians at all career stages.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jongwha Chang, Mar Medina, Sun Jung Kim
Summary: The study aimed to explore the association between patients' rurality and in-hospital sepsis mortality, along with other patient and hospital-related factors, in order to identify potential health disparities among US hospitals. The findings showed that different rurality levels, patient populations, and hospital factors had varying in-hospital death rates for sepsis patients. Factors such as living in rural areas, belonging to minority races, being female, older age, low-income, and uninsured were associated with higher odds of in-hospital mortality.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xueqiong Weng, Jingmin Chen, Qiaoyuan Fei, Xinrong Guo, Shan Liu, Lin Wen, Huanzhu Liang, Congcong Guo, Lihong Nie, Chunxia Jing
Summary: The study found that in females, isopentanaldehyde in the highest tertile concentration increased the risk of diabetes by 2.09 times, while benzaldehyde in the highest tertile concentration reduced the risk of prediabetes by half. In males, butyraldehyde showed a positive association with diabetes, and hexanaldehyde in the highest tertile concentration increased the risk of diabetes by 2.55 times.
Review
Virology
Christoforos Rozario, Luis Martinez-Sobrido, Henry J. McSorley, Caroline Chauche
Summary: The article discusses how influenza A virus infection controls respiratory epithelial cell death and subsequent lung interleukin-33 release, impacting disease severity.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Austin D. Vo, Jennifer La, Julie T-Y Wu, Judith M. Strymish, Matthew Ronan, Mary Brophy, Nhan Do, Westyn Branch-Elliman, Nathanael R. Fillmore, Paul A. Monach
Summary: This study aims to identify risk factors for severe COVID-19 disease in a vaccinated population. The findings suggest that age, immunocompromised status, and certain chronic conditions are associated with an increased risk of severe disease. Additionally, receiving an additional dose of vaccine is associated with a reduced odds of severe disease.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ming-Hao Chang, Pei-Lun Chu, ChiKang Wang, Chien-Yu Lin
Summary: This study analyzed data from the NHANES and found a significant negative association between urinary glyphosate levels and hemoglobin and hematocrit, as well as an increased risk of anemia. These findings suggest a potential link between glyphosate exposure and anemia in the adult population.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
F. Scott Dahlgren, Ivo M. Foppa, Melissa S. Stockwell, Celibell Y. Vargas, Philip LaRussa, Carrie Reed
Summary: People living in the same household as someone ill with influenza are at increased risk of infection, and the secondary attack rate varies slightly depending on the season and the influenza virus circulating within the household.
STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Bryant J. Webber, Heather C. Yun, Geoffrey P. Whitfield
Summary: This study examined the relationship between leisure-time physical activity and mortality from influenza and pneumonia. The results showed that even aerobic activity below the recommended level may be associated with lower mortality, while muscle-strengthening activity demonstrated a J-shaped relationship.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biology
Agustiningsih Agustiningsih, Irene Lorinda Indalao, Krisnanur A. A. Pangesti, Caecilia H. C. Sukowati, Ririn Ramadhany
Summary: This study describes the influenza infection among Indonesian pilgrims upon arrival and the genetic characterization of imported influenza A/H3N2 virus. Results show that 39.5% of the samples tested positive for influenza virus, with no detection of MERS-CoV. Mutations in the HA gene mainly occurred within antigenic sites A, B, and D. No mutations related to oseltamivir resistance were observed in the NA gene. These findings suggest continuous mutation of the influenza A/H3N2 virus over time.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Maria L. Muller-Theissen, Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner, Lucia Ortiz, Christine M. Szablewski, Danilo Alvarez, Ana S. Gonzalez-Reiche, Jorge Jara, C. Todd Davis, Celia Cordon-Rosales
Summary: This study investigated the circulation of influenza A viruses (IAV) in backyard duck flocks and pig herds in the Pacific Coast of Guatemala. The results showed high IAV infection rates in both duck flocks and pig herds, with circulation occurring year-round. Additionally, a pig-sourced virus similar to seasonal human viruses was detected, suggesting potential human-to-pig transmission.
ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Huanzhu Liang, Xiaomei Wu, Huojie Yao, Xueqiong Weng, Shan Liu, Jingmin Chen, Yexin Li, Yingying Wu, Lin Wen, Qian Chen, Chunxia Jing
Summary: Associations between non-persistent pesticide metabolites and serum sex hormones were found in US females, and these associations varied with age, particularly in adolescents. Large-scale cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings and elucidate the potential biological mechanisms.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Long Zhou, Xiaoxiao Wen, Yaguang Peng, Min Guo, Liancheng Zhao
Summary: The study found that both low and high levels of red blood cell folate were associated with an increased risk of severe abdominal aortic calcification in a representative sample of US adults.
NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Suzy M. Teutsch, Yvonne A. Zurynski, Carlos Nunez, David Lester-Smith, Marino Festa, Robert Booy, Elizabeth J. Elliott
Summary: Influenza can lead to severe complications in children, with most cases involving children under 5 years of age and nearly half requiring ICU admission. Pneumonia is the most common complication reported among over 65 different severe complications. Influenza A accounted for the majority of hospitalizations, while influenza B was associated with specific complications such as acute renal failure and myocarditis.
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Rachel K. Harrison, Samantha R. Lauhon, Zachary A. Colvin, Jennifer J. McIntosh
Summary: This study evaluated the association between antenatally diagnosed anemia and severe maternal morbidity in a large US cohort. The results showed that women with anemia were more likely to experience severe maternal morbidity and other adverse outcomes.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY MFM
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Lauren Dutcher, Kathleen Degnan, Afia B. Adu-Gyamfi, Ebbing Lautenbach, Leigh Cressman, Michael Z. David, Valerie Cluzet, Julia E. Szymczak, David A. Pegues, Warren Bilker, Pam Tolomeo, Keith W. Hamilton
Summary: A provider-targeted intervention implemented in primary care practices can effectively reduce antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infections without affecting prescribing for infections that likely require antibiotics.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Kathleen O. Degnan, Valerie Cluzet, Michael Z. David, Lauren Dutcher, Leigh Cressman, Ebbing Lautenbach, Keith W. Hamilton
Summary: This retrospective cohort study aimed to determine metrics and provider characteristics associated with inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract diagnoses. The study found that metrics utilizing proportion prescribing for respiratory tract diagnoses for which antibiotics are almost never required and proportion prescribing for any respiratory tract diagnoses were most strongly associated with inappropriate prescribing. Advanced practice providers (APPs) and clinicians with family medicine training, board certification in 1997 or later, and who worked in non-teaching or non-urban practices had higher proportions of inappropriate prescribing. These findings could inform interventions to improve prescribing and track inappropriate prescribing efficiently.
INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Brendan J. Kelly, Selamawit Bekele, Sean Loughrey, Elizabeth Huang, Pam Tolomeo, Michael Z. David, Ebbing Lautenbach, Jennifer H. Han, Matthew J. Ziegler
Summary: The position of patients and wastewater sites is related to the detection of multidrug-resistant organisms in the healthcare environment. Some resistant bacteria are more likely to be detected close to patients, while others are more likely to be detected far from patients.
INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Helen L. Zhang, Brendan J. Kelly, Michael Z. David, Ebbing Lautenbach, Elizabeth Huang, Selamawit Bekele, Pam Tolomeo, Emily Reesey, Sean Loughrey, David Pegues, Matthew J. Ziegler
Summary: This study prospectively surveyed the contamination of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in staff common areas of an acute-care hospital. It found an increasing prevalence of surface contamination over time. However, adjusting for patient census or community incidence of COVID-19, the proportion of contaminated surfaces did not predict healthcare worker infection on study units.
INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
William Alegria, Bernard L. Marini, Kevin Sellery Gregg, Dale Lee Bixby, Anthony Perissinotti, Jerod Nagel
Summary: This study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of antibiotic de-escalation in patients with acute myeloid leukemia who had fever and ongoing neutropenia. The results showed that de-escalation strategy reduced the days of therapy for intravenous antipseudomonal beta-lactams and decreased the incidence of Clostridioides difficile colitis without adversely impacting patient outcomes.
JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE CANCER NETWORK
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ethan Wilson, Alexandre R. Marra, Melissa Ward, Laura Chapin, Stephanie Boulden, Timothy C. Ryken, Lynne C. Jones, Loreen A. Herwaldt
Summary: Background: More information about patients' experiences with pre-surgical screening and decolonization protocols is needed to enhance adherence. Methods: Patients undergoing orthopedic, neurosurgical, or cardiac operations at multiple hospitals were surveyed to assess their experiences. Results: Respondents at one hospital were more likely to report using decolonization agents and feeling adequately informed about infection prevention. Patients varied in their concern and willingness to prevent infections and their assessments of preoperative information. Conclusion: Improving adherence requires tailoring preoperative processes, education, and prophylaxis to patients' needs and desires.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Rebekah W. Moehring, Michael E. Yarrington, Bobby G. Warren, Yuliya Lokhnygina, Erica Atkinson, Allison Bankston, Julia Collucio, Michael Z. David, Angelina E. Davis, Janice Davis, Brandon Dionne, April P. Dyer, Travis M. Jones, Michael Klompas, David W. Kubiak, John Marsalis, Jacqueline Omorogbe, Patricia Orajaka, Alice Parish, Todd Parker, Jeffrey C. Pearson, Tonya Pearson, Christina Sarubbi, Christian Shaw, Justin Spivey, Robert Wolf, Rebekah H. Wrenn, Elizabeth S. Dodds Ashley, Deverick J. Anderson
Summary: This randomized trial evaluated the effect of an opt-out intervention on suspected sepsis in hospitalized adults. The intervention led to a decrease in unnecessary antibiotic use and showed similar outcomes in terms of antibiotic treatment days for patients who continued antibiotic therapy. No evidence of harm was found.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Letter
Biophysics
John Coda, Kadee Raser, Sarah M. Anand, Monalisa Ghosh, Kevin Gregg, Jinju Li, John J. Maciejewski, Attaphol Pawarode, Mary M. Riwes, Christina Tillman, Avery Polk, Malathi Kandarpa, Moshe Talpaz, Sung Won Choi, Gregory A. Yanik, John M. Magenau, Matthew J. Pianko
BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kevin Bouiller, Michael Z. Z. David
Summary: A systematic literature review was conducted to assess the association between S. aureus genes and outcomes in patients with bone and joint infections. The results showed that PVL genes were associated with poor outcomes in children, while no specific genes were found to have similar associations in adults. Further studies with larger sample sizes and homogeneous patient populations are needed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Benjamin Chen, Nina Haste, Nancy Binkin, Nancy Law, Lucy E. E. Horton, Nancy Yam, Victor Chen, Shira Abeles
Summary: Tixagevimab/cilgavimab (T/C) received Emergency Use Authorization for pre-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19, but its effectiveness in the Omicron era is unclear. A retrospective study found that T/C recipients who contracted COVID-19 after receiving the drug were one-fourth as likely to be hospitalized compared to those infected prior to T/C.
Article
Immunology
Madison Breeden, Samuel L. Aitken, Ji Hoon Baang, Misty Gravelin, Daniel R. Kaul, Adam S. Lauring, Lindsay A. Petty, Kevin S. Gregg
Summary: Immunocompromised patients with B-cell deficiencies, who received B-cell-depleting therapies for B-cell malignancies, developed persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Symptoms resolved following an extended course of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Jessica Chopyk, Ana Georgina Cobian Guemes, Claudia Ramirez-Sanchez, Hedieh Attai, Melissa Ly, Marcus B. Jones, Roland Liu, Chenyu Liu, Kun Yang, Xin M. Tu, Shira R. Abeles, Karen Nelson, David T. Pride
Summary: This study investigated the effects of two commonly used antibiotics, azithromycin and amoxicillin, on the human gut microbiome. The results showed clear and sustained impacts of these antibiotics on the gut microbial community, particularly the significant alterations in Bifidobacterium species in response to azithromycin. Importantly, no significant changes were observed in other members of the microbial community compared to the control group.
Article
Immunology
Krishna Rao, Qianzi Zhao, Justin Bell, Jay Krishnan, Oryan Henig, Jolene Daniel, Kara Sawaya, Owen Albin, John P. Mills, Lindsay A. Petty, Kevin Gregg, Daniel Kaul, Anurag N. Malani, Jason Pogue, Keith S. Kaye
Summary: This study compares the efficacy of fidaxomicin and vancomycin in the treatment of CDI with concomitant antibiotic use. The cure rate was slightly higher in the fidaxomicin group, but the result did not reach statistical significance.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
David Frame, Gianni B. Scappaticci, Thomas M. Braun, Mary Maliarik, Thomas H. Sisson, Steven W. Pipe, Daniel A. Lawrence, Paul G. Richardson, Michael Holinstat, Robert C. Hyzy, Daniel R. Kaul, Kevin S. Gregg, Vibha N. Lama, Gregory A. Yanik
Summary: This study demonstrates the safety and tolerability of defibrotide for the management of severe SARS-CoV-2 infections, with no reported hemorrhagic or thrombotic complications. Although three patients died, there were promising outcomes with nine patients remaining alive for a long period of time.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Lucy E. Horton, Shira R. Abeles, Francesca J. Torriani
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)