Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Esraa Hamdy, Fang Liu, Christine Geers
Summary: Ferritic alumina-forming alloys have high corrosion resistance to molten carbonates by forming a protective alpha-LiAlO2 scale on their surface. Pre-oxidized ferritic alumina-forming alloys were exposed to (Li,Na,K)2CO3 melt at 800 degrees C for 1000 hours. Only the outer transient alumina reacts with the melt, forming LiAlO2, while the innermost alpha-Al2O3 scale remains intact. The combined presence of alpha-Al2O3/ alpha-LiAlO2 improves the corrosion protection compared to non-pre-oxidized materials by forming a superior double oxide scale.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Chaewon Kim, Hyunmyung Kim, Woong Heo, Changheui Jang, Sung Yong Lee, Seungjae Lee, Jin-Soo Lee
Summary: Two alumina-forming Fe-based alloys, ADSS and APM, were oxidized in steam at temperatures ranging from 800°C to 1050°C for up to 72 hours. The formation of spinel oxides on ADSS resulted in greater weight gain compared to APM, with the highest weight gain observed at 900°C. Both alloys exhibited similar alumina formation kinetics, but transient alumina formation occurred faster at 900°C.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Cheng-Han Li, Jason Wu, Andrew Bean Getsoian, Giovanni Cavataio, Joerg R. Jinschek
Summary: By using advanced characterization techniques, the correlation between atomic-scale morphology and catalytic activity in Rh/Al2O3 catalysts has been revealed, and the formation and disappearance of rhodium aluminate (RhAlOx) during deactivation and regeneration processes has been observed.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
A. Z. Zhuk, V. I. Borzenko, E. A. Buzoverov, P. P. Ivanov, E. I. Shkolnikov
Summary: This paper compares the technical and economic aspects of hydrogen production methods using water electrolysis and hydrothermal oxidation of aluminum. It demonstrates that aluminum-water technology is competitive with electrolysis when the cost of electricity is below 0.02 USD/kWh, and specifies conditions for optimal hydrogen generation using aluminum.
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
S. Valette, R. Bernardie, J. Absi, P. Lefort
Summary: The proposed pre-oxidation process for nickel substrates improves the adhesion of alumina coatings by forming a NiO oxide layer to adjust lattice matching, effectively enhancing the adhesion of the coatings. The characterisation of the interfacial zone demonstrated the crystallographic continuity between the nickel substrate, NiO interlayer, and gamma-Al2O3 coating.
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Talia L. Barth, Peter K. Weber, Tian Liu, Fei Xue, Thomas C. Valenza, Lavina Backman, Elizabeth Opila, Emmanuelle A. Marquis
Summary: The oxidation resistance of Ni-based alloys is typically improved by additions of elements segregating to grain boundaries, contributing to reducing scale growth, and improving scale adherence. Doped alloys exhibited varying reductions in oxidation rates and Al and O fluxes affecting scale grain morphologies, with Ti+Y co-doping further reducing the outward Al and inward O transport compared to doping with Ti or Y alone.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Somayeh Ostovar, Gholamreza Moussavi, Samira Mohammadi, Maria Luisa Marin, Francisco Bosca, Ander Diego-Lopez, Stefanos Giannakis
Summary: In this study, a Ti-doped alumina xerogel (TAX) was synthesized from Al powder, showing mesoporous nanomaterial with high specific surface area and efficient bandgap energy. The TAX exhibited high photocatalytic performance for water treatment, degrading almost 97% of Remdesivir (RDV) within 30 minutes. The application potential of TAX was further demonstrated through its notable performance in E. coli inactivation and consecutive reused cycles.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Elena M. Slavinskaya, Lidiya S. Kibis, Olga A. Stonkus, Dmitry A. Svintsitskiy, Andrei I. Stadnichenko, Elizaveta A. Fedorova, Anatolii V. Romanenko, Vasyl Marchuk, Dmitry E. Doronkin, Andrei I. Boronin
Summary: The dependence of NH3 oxidation on the state and dispersion of Pt species in Pt/γ-Al2O3 catalysts was investigated. Prereduced Pt/γ-Al2O3 catalysts with Pt-0 nanoparticles exhibited significantly higher activity, with the most significant improvement observed when Pt-0 particle size increased. Introduction of H2O and CO2 moderately influenced NH3 oxidation activity.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Weiqiang Tang, Rongjie Yang, Jinghui Hu, Jianmin Li, Fei Xiao, Tao Zeng
Summary: In this study, micron-size aluminum particles with nano-size defects in alumina shells, known as treated Al, were prepared using a simple method. The thermal oxidation activity of treated Al was found to be significantly higher than that of as-received Al, with the former being almost completely oxidized in air.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Gokul Obulan Subramanian, Chaewon Kim, Woong Heo, Changheui Jang
Summary: The corrosion behavior of a high titanium heat resistant alloy in high temperature steam was evaluated, showing the formation of different oxide layers on the austenite matrix. Pre-oxidation treatment was found to improve corrosion protection in steam environment.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Qiuzhi Gao, Ziyun Liu, Huijun Li, Hailian Zhang, Chenchen Jiang, Aimin Hao, Fu Qu, Xiaoping Lin
Summary: The oxidation behavior and mechanism of as-received and 30% cold-rolled alumina-forming austenitic steel were studied. Both types of steel demonstrated improved high-temperature oxidation resistance due to the formation of dense Al2O3 oxide scale. Gradual spallation of outer scale led to the formation of continuous and dense alumina scale.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Vijayalakshmi Gosu, Archana Dhakar, Tian C. Zhang, Rao Y. Surampalli, Verraboina Subbaramaiah
Summary: The synthesized Cu/AA catalyst showed good thermal stability and high dispersion of copper species on the activated alumina framework. The optimized conditions resulted in a 92% removal of catechol with 87% mineralization. The study demonstrated the feasibility of employing Cu/AA as an effective catalyst for the CWPO of catechol due to its simple separation and high removal efficiency.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Venkatesh Pilli, Sudha Priyadarshini, Ritwik Sarkar
Summary: Continuous casting is a widely used solidification process in steel fabrication. In this process, alumina-carbon-based refractories are commonly used. However, the steel industry now requires low carbon content refractories to produce clean steel and ultralow-carbon steel. This study explores the use of two different grades of nanocarbons in Al2O3-C refractories, and finds that nanocarbons can improve strength, inhibit oxidation, and provide corrosion resistance due to the formation of dense microstructures.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Joao P. Martins, Ying Chen, Kerui Wei, Zhaohe Gao, Shiying Qin, Gyn Brewster, Ping Xiao
Summary: The formation process of Al2O3-based duplex oxide scales growing on high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) CoN-iCrAlY alloy at 1135 degrees C was investigated. The dual-phase nature of the alloy led to a site-specific oxidation behavior, resulting in the formation of an inhomogeneous duplex oxide scale with widespread embedded mixed oxides. The early-stage formation of these oxides was mainly influenced by grain boundary proximity, while the subsequent nucleation/growth of mixed oxides was enabled by the presence of cationic impurities in the scale, allowing for continuous cationic diffusion of non-aluminium elements.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Fangfang Liu, Zehua Xu, Ying Feng, Yongfeng Li, Yongshen Dou, Sanmao Liu
Summary: A facile and economic one-step method was reported for the fabrication of a three-dimensional upright-standing boehmite nanosheet array film with well-distributed Pd nanoparticles. The redox reactions of two galvanic cells led to the simultaneous formation of Pd nanoparticles and AlOOH nanosheets on the surface of an aluminum substrate, resulting in monolithic catalysts with excellent catalytic activity.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Amy Finch, Kelly Metcalfe, Mohammad Akbari, Eitan Friedman, Nadine Tung, Barry Rosen, Andrea Eisen, Beth Karlan, William Foulkes, Susan L. Neuhausen, Leigha Senter, Wendy McKinnon, Christine Elser, Ping Sun, Steven A. Narod
Summary: Approximately 1% of the Ashkenazi Jewish population carries the BRCA2 6174delT pathogenic variant, which is associated with the risks of breast and ovarian cancer. Women carrying the 6174delT variant have a significantly lower annual risk for developing breast cancer compared to those carrying other variants in the BRCA2 gene, but the difference in ovarian or fallopian tube cancer risk is not significant.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Jacopo Boni, Aida Idani, Carla Roca, Lidia Feliubadalo, Eva Tomiak, Evan Weber, William D. Foulkes, Alexandre Orthwein, Zaki El Haffaf, Conxi Lazaro, Barbara Rivera
Summary: Defects in DNA repair genes are associated with cancer susceptibility. This review focuses on RAD51C and RAD51D germline variants in cancer over the past decade, generating a catalog of 341 variants and discussing their pathogenicity and functional characterization.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sofia Goia, Matthew A. P. Turner, Jack M. Woolley, Michael D. Horbury, Alexandra J. Borrill, Joshua J. Tully, Samuel J. Cobb, Michael Staniforth, Nicholas D. M. Hine, Adam Burriss, Julie Macpherson, Ben R. Robinson, Vasilios G. Stavros
Summary: The study introduces a TA-SEC approach using BDD mesh electrodes to investigate early-stage photoinduced dynamics of reactive species. By electrochemically generating intermediates, the relaxation mechanisms of AQS and AH(2)QS are unravelled in the first 2.5 ns following UV absorption.
Article
Oncology
Joanne Kotsopoulos, Jan Lubinski, Jacek Gronwald, Janusz Menkiszak, Jeanna McCuaig, Kelly Metcalfe, William D. Foulkes, Susan L. Neuhausen, Sophie Sun, Beth Y. Karlan, Andrea Eisen, Nadine Tung, Olufunmilayo Olopade, Fergus J. Couch, Tomasz Huzarski, Leigha Senter, Louise Bordeleau, Christian F. Singer, Charis Eng, Robert Fruscio, Tuya Pal, Ping Sun, Steven A. Narod
Summary: The study suggests that bilateral oophorectomy is unlikely to determine the risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 mutation carriers, but it should be offered at age 35 to reduce the risk of ovarian and fallopian tube cancer.
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Felix K. F. Kommoss, Basile Tessier-Cloutier, Leora Witkowski, Erna Forgo, Christian Koelsche, Martin Kobel, William D. Foulkes, Cheng-Han Lee, David L. Kolin, Andreas von Deimling, Brooke E. Howitt
Summary: SWI/SNF complex deficiency is common in various cancers, especially in the gynecologic tract. Despite their similar morphology, UDEC, SDUS, and SCCOHT have distinct DNA methylation signatures. Our study highlights the importance of cellular context in determining the epigenetic landscape and suggests that methylation profiling may be a useful diagnostic tool in undifferentiated, SWI/SNF-deficient cancers.
JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Materials Science, Ceramics
A. H. Heuer, M. W. Finnis, W. M. C. Foulkes, A. P. Chen
Summary: This paper comments on recent observations of O and Al self-diffusion in single-crystal sapphire with variable doping concentrations of Mg and Ti. The study suggests that the null effect of aliovalent doping on oxygen diffusivity may be attributed to dopant evaporation near the surface due to extensive heat treatment, whereas an effect on Al diffusivity is still discernible. Furthermore, buffering mechanisms are proposed to be ultimately responsible for modest increases of self-diffusion with respect to dopant concentrations.
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Andy Paul Chen, W. M. C. Foulkes, Arthur H. Heuer, Michael W. Finnis
Summary: The puzzle of why the enhancement of oxygen diffusion in alpha-Al2O3 is much less than expected with an increase in Mg doping has been perplexing for over two decades. In this study, the researchers conducted a detailed investigation of point defects and defect clusters in Mg-doped alpha-Al2O3. By considering defect formation energies, charge neutrality, and environmental parameters, they were able to explain the anomalous trend in oxygen diffusivities. Their findings revealed a nonlinear relationship between Mg concentration and key native point defects, which explains the previously observed anomaly in oxygen diffusion in alpha-Al2O3.
PHYSICAL REVIEW MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Andy Paul Chen, Arthur H. Heuer, Michael W. Finnis, W. M. C. Foulkes
Summary: It has been found that adding reactive elements can improve oxidation resistance in high-temperature alloys. However, the specific mechanism for reducing scale growth rate is still unclear. This study used density functional theory to investigate the structural and electronic properties of grain boundaries containing substitutional defects of Y, Hf, and Zr. The results suggest that the substitutional defects indirectly reduce scale growth rate by lowering electron density and grain boundary electronic conductivity.
PHYSICAL REVIEW MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Gino Cassella, Halvard Sutterud, Sam Azadi, N. D. Drummond, David Pfau, James S. Spencer, W. M. C. Foulkes
Summary: Deep neural networks, specifically FermiNet, have proven to be highly accurate wave function Ansatze for variational Monte Carlo calculations of molecular ground states. In this study, FermiNet is extended to calculate the ground states of periodic Hamiltonians and is applied to investigate the homogeneous electron gas. The results show excellent agreement with previous quantum Monte Carlo calculations and demonstrate the ability of the neural network to accurately represent different phases of the electron gas.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Dylan Pelletier, Barbara Rivera, Marc R. Fabian, William D. Foulkes
Summary: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial for gene expression regulation, and their biogenesis depends on specific genes such as DROSHA, DGCR8, DICER1, and AGO1/2. Germline pathogenic variants (GPVs) in these genes lead to different genetic syndromes with diverse clinical manifestations. DICER1 GPVs are associated with tumor predisposition, while recent studies have shed light on the clinical consequences of GPVs in DGCR8, AGO1, and AGO2. This review provides an up-to-date summary on how GPVs in miRNA biogenesis genes affect miRNA biology and contribute to clinical manifestations.
TRENDS IN GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Crystallography
James L. Smialek, Anita Garg, Bryan J. Harder, Michael D. Cuy
Summary: A FIB/STEM interfacial study was conducted on a TBC/Ti2AlC MAX phase system after it underwent aggressive burner rig testing. The study characterized the 7YSZ TBC, alpha-Al2O3 TGO, and MAXthal 211(TM) Ti2AlC base using various techniques such as TEM/STEM, EDS, SADP, and HRTEM. The results revealed clean and faulty YSZ grains, a duplex alpha-Al2O3 structure for the TGO, and a Ti2AlC substrate with basalse plane faults. These findings support previous research demonstrating the durability of the YSZ/Ti2AlC MAX phase system.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dylan Pelletier, Anne-Laure Chong, Mona Wu, Leora Witkowski, Sophie Albert, Nelly Sabbaghian, Marc R. Fabian, William D. Foulkes
Summary: The endoribonuclease DICER1 is crucial in microRNA biogenesis, generating mature single-stranded miRNAs by cleaving pre-miRNA stem-loops. Pathogenic variants in DICER1 result in DICER1 tumor predisposition syndrome (DTPS), a childhood-onset tumor susceptibility disorder. Germline DICER1 missense variants in the Platform domain have been found in patients with tumors associated with DTPS, which impair miRNA biogenesis by preventing DICER1 from producing mature miRNAs and binding to pre-miRNA stem-loops.
Article
Physics, Condensed Matter
T. Wells, W. M. C. Foulkes, S. L. Dudarev, A. P. Horsfield
Summary: This paper introduces a time-dependent, non-collinear tight binding model, complete with spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and vector Stoner exchange terms, that can simulate the Einstein-de Haas (EdH) effect in a ferromagnetic Fe15 cluster. The simulations demonstrate the importance of SOC in observing angular momentum transfer from electrons to nuclei at experimentally realistic magnetic fields.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Claire Freycon, Philip J. Lupo, Leora Witkowski, Crystal Budd, William D. Foulkes, Catherine Goudie
Summary: This systematic review found that some patients with FOXO1 fusion-positive ARMS have pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in cancer predisposing genes, but the causal relationship between CPS and FP-ARMS could not be determined. Only one patient was diagnosed with a cancer predisposition syndrome known to be associated with rhabdomyosarcoma. Clinicians cannot solely rely on FOXO1 fusion status to distinguish patients with/without CPS.
PEDIATRIC BLOOD & CANCER
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jan Hermann, James Spencer, Kenny Choo, Antonio Mezzacapo, W. M. C. Foulkes, David Pfau, Giuseppe Carleo, Frank Noe
Summary: Deep learning methods have surpassed human capabilities in pattern recognition and data processing, and have become increasingly important in scientific discovery. In molecular science, a key application of machine learning is to learn potential energy surfaces or force fields from ab initio solutions of the electronic Schrodinger equation obtained with various quantum chemistry methods. This review discusses a complementary approach that uses machine learning to directly solve quantum chemistry problems from first principles, focusing on quantum Monte Carlo methods with neural-network ansatzes to solve the electronic Schrodinger equation.
NATURE REVIEWS CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Y. Liu, K. Zweiacker, C. Liu, J. T. McKeown, J. M. K. Wiezorek
Summary: The evolution of rapid solidification microstructure and solidification interface velocity of hypereutectic Al-20at.%Cu alloy after laser melting has been studied experimentally. It was found that the formation of microstructure was dominated by eutectic, alpha-cell, and banded morphology grains, and the growth modes changed with increasing interface velocity.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Bharat Gwalani, Julian Escobar, Miao Song, Jonova Thomas, Joshua Silverstein, Andrew Chihpin Chuang, Dileep Singh, Michael P. Brady, Yukinori Yamamoto, Thomas R. Watkins, Arun Devaraj
Summary: Castable alumina forming austenitic alloys exhibit superior creep life and oxidation resistance at high temperatures. This study reveals the mechanism behind the enhanced creep performance of these alloys by suppressing primary carbide formation and offers a promising alloy design strategy for high-temperature applications.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jian Song, Qi Zhang, Songsong Yao, Kunming Yang, Houyu Ma, Jiamiao Ni, Boan Zhong, Yue Liu, Jian Wang, Tongxiang Fan
Summary: Recent studies have shown that achieving an atomically flat surface for metals can greatly improve their oxidation resistance and enhance their electronic-optical applications. Researchers have explored the use of graphene as a covering layer to achieve atomically flat surfaces. They found that high-temperature deposited graphene on copper surfaces formed mono-atomic steps, while annealed copper and transferred graphene on copper interfaces formed multi-atomic steps.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jennifer A. Glerum, Jon-Erik Mogonye, David C. Dunand
Summary: Elemental powders of Al, Ti, Sc, and Zr are blended and processed via laser powder-bed fusion to create binary and ternary alloys. The microstructural analysis and mechanical testing show that the addition of Ti results in the formation of primary precipitates, while the addition of Sc and Zr leads to the formation of fine grain bands. The Al-0.25Ti-0.25Zr alloy exhibits comparable strain rates to Al-0.5Zr at low stresses, but significantly higher strain rates at higher stresses during compressive creep testing. Finite element modeling suggests that the connectivity of coarse and fine grain regions is a critical factor affecting the creep resistance of the alloys.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
P. Jannotti, B. C. Hornbuckle, J. T. Lloyd, N. Lorenzo, M. Aniska, T. L. Luckenbaugh, A. J. Roberts, A. Giri, K. A. Darling
Summary: This work characterizes the thermo-mechanical behavior of bulk nanocrystalline Cu-Ta alloys under extreme conditions. The experiments reveal that the alloys exhibit unique mechanical properties, behaving differently from conventional nanocrystalline Cu. They do not undergo grain coarsening during extrusion and exhibit behavior similar to coarse-grained Cu.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yiqing Wei, Jingwei Li, Daliang Zhang, Bin Zhang, Zizhen Zhou, Guang Han, Guoyu Wang, Carmelo Prestipino, Pierric Lemoine, Emmanuel Guilmeau, Xu Lu, Xiaoyuan Zhou
Summary: This study proposes a new strategy to modify microstructure by phase regulation, which can simultaneously enhance carrier mobility and reduce lattice thermal conductivity. The addition of Cu in layered SnSe2 induces a phase transition that leads to increased grain size and reduced stacking fault density, resulting in improved carrier mobility and lower lattice thermal conductivity.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jia Chen, Zhengyu Zhang, Eitan Hershkovitz, Jonathan Poplawsky, Raja Shekar Bhupal Dandu, Chang-Yu Hung, Wenbo Wang, Yi Yao, Lin Li, Hongliang Xin, Honggyu Kim, Wenjun Cai
Summary: In this study, the structural origin of the pH-dependent repassivation mechanisms in multi-principal element alloys (MPEA) was investigated using surface characterization and computational simulations. It was found that selective oxidation in acidic to neutral solutions leads to enhanced nickel enrichment on the surface, resulting in reduced repassivation capability and corrosion resistance.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
X. Y. Xu, C. P. Huang, H. Y. Wang, Y. Z. Li, M. X. Huang
Summary: The limited slip systems of magnesium (Mg) and its alloys hinder their wide applications. By conducting tensile straining experiments, researchers discovered a rate-dependent transition in the dislocation mechanisms of Mg alloys. At high strain rates, glissile dislocations dominate, while easy-glide dislocations dominate at low strain rates. Abundant glissile dislocations do not necessarily improve ductility.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. S. Szczerba, M. J. Szczerba
Summary: Inverse temperature dependences of the detwinning stress were observed in face-centered cubic deformation twins in Cu-8at.%Al alloy. The detwinning stress increased with temperature when the pi detwinning mode was involved, but decreased when the pi/3 mode was involved. The dual effect of temperature on the detwinning stress was due to the reduction of internal stresses pre-existing within the deformation twins. The complete reduction of internal stresses at about 530 degrees C led to the equivalence of the critical stresses of different detwinning modes and a decrease in the yield stress anisotropy of the twin/matrix structure.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Taowen Dong, Tingting Qin, Wei Zhang, Yaowen Zhang, Zhuoran Feng, Yuxiang Gao, Zhongyu Pan, Zixiang Xia, Yan Wang, Chunming Yang, Peng Wang, Weitao Zheng
Summary: The interaction between the electrode and the electric double layer (EDL) significantly influences the energy storage mechanism. By studying the popular alpha-Fe2O3 electrode and the EDL interaction, we find that the energy storage mechanism of the electrode can be controlled by modulating the EDL.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Matthew R. Barnett, Jun Wang, Sitarama R. Kada, Alban de Vaucorbeil, Andrew Stevenson, Marc Fivel, Peter A. Lynch
Summary: The elastic-plastic transition in magnesium alloy Mg-4.5Zn exhibits bursts of deformation, which are characterized by sudden changes in grain orientation. These bursts occur in a coordinated manner among nearby grains, with the highest burst rate observed at the onset of full plasticity. The most significant burst events are associated with twinning, supported by the observation of twinned structures using electron microscopy. The bursts are often preceded and followed by a stasis in peak movement, indicating a certain "birth size" for twins upon formation and subsequent growth at a later stage.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Vaidehi Menon, Sambit Das, Vikram Gavini, Liang Qi
Summary: Understanding solute segregation thermodynamics is crucial for investigating grain boundary properties. The spectral approach and thermodynamic integration methods can be used to predict solute segregation behavior at grain boundaries and compare with experimental observations, thus aiding in alloy design and performance control.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Feiyu Qin, Lei Hu, Yingcai Zhu, Yuki Sakai, Shogo Kawaguchi, Akihiko Machida, Tetsu Watanuki, Yue-Wen Fang, Jun Sun, Xiangdong Ding, Masaki Azuma
Summary: This study reports on the negative and zero thermal expansion properties of Cd2Re2O7 and Cd1.95Ni0.05Re2O7 materials, along with their ultra-low thermal conductivity. Through investigations of their structures and phonon calculations, the synergistic effect of local structure distortion and soft phonons is revealed as the key to achieving these distinctive properties.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Thomas Beerli, Christian C. Roth, Dirk Mohr
Summary: A novel testing system for miniature specimens is designed to characterize the plastic response of materials for which conventional full-size specimens cannot be extracted. The system has an automated operation process, which reduces the damage to specimens caused by manual handling and improves the stability of the test results. The experiments show that the miniature specimens extracted from stainless steel and aluminum have high reproducibility, and the results are consistent with those of conventional-sized specimens. A correction procedure is provided to consider the influence of surface roughness and heat-affected zone caused by wire EDM.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Rani Mary Joy, Paulius Pobedinskas, Nina Baule, Shengyuan Bai, Daen Jannis, Nicolas Gauquelin, Marie-Amandine Pinault-Thaury, Francois Jomard, Kamatchi Jothiramalingam Sankaran, Rozita Rouzbahani, Fernando Lloret, Derese Desta, Jan D'Haen, Johan Verbeeck, Michael Frank Becker, Ken Haenen
Summary: This study investigates the influence of film microstructure and composition on the Young's modulus and residual stress in nanocrystalline diamond thin films. The results provide insights into the mechanical properties and intrinsic stress sources of these films, and demonstrate the potential for producing high-quality nanocrystalline diamond films under certain conditions.