Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
E. Alfinelli, F. Caporaletti, F. Dallari, A. Martinelli, G. Monaco, B. Ruta, M. Sprung, M. Zanatta, G. Baldi
Summary: The atomic displacements induced by a low energy x-ray beam in pure boron oxide and sodium silicate glasses were studied using x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. The initial glass was completely transformed into a new amorphous state under the beam, which remained stable. The restructuring of the new phase showed exponential relaxation similar to macroscopic measurements in the high-temperature supercooled liquid, suggesting a higher energy minimum. The observed dynamics had a temperature dependence, indicating thermal activation of defect creation.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Taichi Isogai, Masayuki Uranagase, Kenta Motobayashi, Shuji Ogata, Katsuyoshi Ikeda
Summary: The unique properties of liquid water are mainly due to the hydrogen-bond networks of water molecules. These networks have a significant impact on biological and chemical processes. Understanding the properties of interfacial water molecules at solid surfaces is crucial for studying heterogeneous reactions. However, direct monitoring of the dynamics of these molecules has been limited. In this study, we demonstrate that hydrogen-bond vibrations can be measured in situ at an electrochemical interface using surface-enhanced inelastic light scattering spectra. This work provides new insights for in situ spectroscopic investigations in heterogeneous reactions.
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Ling Huang, Lihua Li, Mingying Peng, Linling Tan, Zhijun Ma
Summary: By tailoring the glass network topology, the luminescence behavior and glass stability of tellurium-doped germanate glasses can be manipulated. Enhancing the near-infrared luminescence of tellurium by adjusting the topological cages in the glass network structure through varying network modifiers, while significantly improving glass stability by introducing alkaline earth oxides for increased network connectivity.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Mine Kaya, Shima Hajimirza
Summary: This study introduces a framework based on topology optimization to discover new nanoparticle designs for improved scattering. By maximizing the scattering cross section of the particle domain, increased scattering cross-section at the nanoscale is achieved, leading to improved light trapping efficiency.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nicola Dengo, Norberto Masciocchi, Antonio Cervellino, Antonietta Guagliardi, Federica Bertolotti
Summary: Atomic and nanometer-scale features of nanomaterials play a crucial role in their properties, and total scattering methods are fundamental techniques to characterize these features. However, distinguishing the effects of microstructural features from size and morphology-induced properties is challenging. Additionally, the direct fingerprint of structural and microstructural features is lost when calculating the pair distribution function, and current protocols do not consider modifications of the histogram of interatomic distances.
Article
Optics
Taavi Repan, Yannick Augenstein, Carsten Rockstuhl
Summary: Solving the inverse problem is a major challenge in contemporary nano-optics. In this study, we propose a hybrid method that combines artificial neural networks (ANNs) and topology optimization to reconstruct the geometry of scatterers, which has direct implications in fields such as optical metrology.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hanuma Kumar Dara, P. D. Babu, G. Markandeyulu
Summary: The magnetic properties of intermetallic MnMn0.25Sb crystallizing in the NiAs-type hexagonal structure were studied, revealing a spin-glass transition at around 10.7 K and indicating the presence of a cluster spin glass state. The frequency dependence of the transition temperature Tf was investigated using a critical slowing-down model and Vogel-Fulcher law.
Article
Acoustics
Xin Xu, Menyang Gong, Xiaozhou Liu
Summary: In this paper, a theory is proposed to explain the difference in acoustic scattering at different directions of a bubble cluster when it is driven by ultrasound. The theory predicts the angular distribution of scattered acoustic pressure under different parameters and is proven to be correct under circumstances of small clusters and weak interactions. This theory not only sheds light on the physics of bubble cluster scattering, but also may contribute to the improvement of ultrasound imaging technology, including ultrasonic harmonic imaging and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography.
ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Federica Bertolotti, Francisco J. Carmona, Gregorio Dal Sasso, Gloria B. Ramirez-Rodriguez, Jose Manuel Delgado-Lopez, Jan Skov Pedersen, Fabio Ferri, Norberto Masciocchi, Antonietta Guagliardi
Summary: By combining small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and synchrotron wide-angle X-ray total scattering (WAXTS) analyses, the spatial interplay between amorphous and crystalline components within bone samples and biomimetic carbonated nano-apatites was investigated. Research showed that the amorphous material is predominantly distributed along the lateral sides of the nanoplates, forming a core-crown-like arrangement.
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Jun Wang, Congying Rao, Shanhe Zhou, Wuxin Hu, Jing Wang, Lu Lu, Yanhong Mai, Ying Pan, Fan Cheng, Mohd Muddassir
Summary: The self-assembly of Zn(Ac)(2)center dot 2H(2)O with pi-conjugated and rigid multicarboxylate ligand H3BTC and N-donor linker 1,3-bis(2-methylimidazolyl)propane resulted in two new metal-organic frameworks. One exhibited a 3D framework with pentanuclear Zn subunit, while the other showed a 4-connected 3D cds network structure. Introducing different types of ligands into the zinc-BTC system led to variations in the topological networks formed.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Marco Scavini, Federica Bertolotti, Jonadri Mlloja, Filippo Umbri, Anna Bosc, Serena Cappelli, Stefano Checchia, Cesare Oliva, Patrizia Fumagalli, Davide Ceresoli, Mariangela Longhi, Antonietta Guagliardi, Mauro Coduri
Summary: This study presents a comprehensive characterization of CeO2 nanoparticles with different crystallite sizes using real and reciprocal space techniques. Atomic-scale relaxations are observed at the nanocrystal surface and supported by structural analysis and other experimental methods. The results suggest that ultrasmall NPs have a core-shell structure with a defective outer shell and a bulk-like inner shell.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Alberto Leonardi, Matteo Leoni
Summary: Advanced design of metallic nanocrystals requires control of dynamic lattice distortion. In this study, atomistic simulations and total scattering were used to investigate lattice vibrations induced by thermal motion of atoms in Pd nanocrystals. The results showed a correlation between lattice vibrations and atom-pair distance, as well as negative correlations in displacements of far-neighbor atoms. A dynamical model was proposed to predict the influence of material structure and nanocrystal shape on lattice distortion.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Atreyee Banerjee, Mauricio Sevilla, Joseph F. Rudzinski, Robinson Cortes-Huerto
Summary: We computed partial structure factors, Kirkwood-Buff integrals (KBIs), and chemical potentials of model supercooled liquids with and without attractive interactions. Our results show that attractive interactions favor the nucleation of long-range structures and significantly influence the thermodynamic properties. At higher density, the two systems exhibit similar thermodynamic properties.
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Guozhi Chen, Tianfeng Wu, Fang Yang, Tengjiao Wang, Jian Song, Zhu Han
Summary: Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarm communication has received increasing attention, but faces challenges such as RF spectrum scarcity and interference. This article introduces ultraviolet (UV) communication as a solution, and explores its benefits and system design. It also analyzes performance indicators and proposes an artificial intelligence-aided UV-based UAV swarm system.
IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Yuriy Chushkin, Alessandro Gulotta, Felix Roosen-Runge, Antara Pal, Anna Stradner, Peter Schurtenberger
Summary: Studying the diffusion of proteins in cells is essential for understanding biological mechanisms. X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) is currently the only method to study long-time collective diffusion on the scale of proteins, but its application in biological systems has been limited due to radiation damage. In this study, a new approach using XPCS to measure cage relaxation in crowded α-crystallin solutions was applied, allowing for correction of radiation effects, obtaining missing information on long-time diffusion, and supporting the fundamental analogy between protein and colloid dynamical arrest.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Review
Crystallography
T. R. Welberry, T. Weber
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY REVIEWS
(2016)
Article
Plant Sciences
J. Hyles, S. Vautrin, F. Pettolino, C. MacMillan, Z. Stachurski, J. Breen, H. Berges, T. Wicker, W. Spielmeyer
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2017)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ross Edgar, Steve Cochard, Zbigniew Stachurski
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
X. Tong, G. Wang, J. Bednarcik, Y. D. Jia, I. Hussain, J. Yi, Z. H. Stachurski, Q. J. Zhai
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2018)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
M. Pasciak, T. R. Welberry, J. Kulda, S. Leoni, J. Hlinka
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2018)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xiaohua Tan, Qin Deng, Hui Xu, Hui Li, Heyun Li, Zbigniew H. Stachurski, Ke Han
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
(2019)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Thomas Richard Welberry, Carl Henrik Gorbitz
ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B-STRUCTURAL SCIENCE CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS
(2019)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiang-Yuan Cui, Simon P. Ringer, Gang Wang, Z. H. Stachurski
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2019)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
John Holmes, Youssef Hafiz, Zbigniew Stachurski, Raj Das, Shankar Kalyanasundaram
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
John Holmes, Raj Das, Zbigniew Stachurski, Paul Compston, Shankar Kalyanasundaram
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
John Holmes, George Vlandis, Zbigniew Stachurski, Raj Das, Paul Compston
Summary: The study explores the failure behavior of woven thermoplastic composites using new specimen geometries and an associated apparatus. It reveals significant differences in macroscale and mesoscale deformation and failure response due to composite constituents and weave architectures. The maximum fiber strain criterion is shown to be effective across a range of deformation modes for fiber-reinforced composites.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
John Holmes, Silvano Sommacal, Raj Das, Zbigniew Stachurski, Paul Compston
Summary: This study investigates the deformation response of multi-ply woven composites at different angles by combining digital image correlation (DIC) and 3D micro-computed tomography (mu CT). Significant mechanical property variances and topographical/strain differences were observed between orientations due to layer alignment. Additionally, inter-tow and intra-tow shearing during off-axis extension and corresponding fiber reorientation were identified, highlighting the benefits of combining DIC and mu CT.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
T. R. Welberry
Summary: The paper explains the progress made in calculating diffuse scattering from atomistic model crystals over the past 50 years. The quality of observed diffuse X-ray scattering data has greatly improved with the introduction of electronic area detectors and synchrotron radiation. The increased computational power has enabled the calculation of patterns, comparable in quality to the observations, from a Monte Carlo model.
ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B-STRUCTURAL SCIENCE CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Instruments & Instrumentation
Richard Welberry, Ross Whitfield
QUANTUM BEAM SCIENCE
(2018)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Song Chen, Cheuk Y. Lee, Rachel W. Li, Paul N. Smith, Qing H. Qin
COMPUTER METHODS IN BIOMECHANICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2017)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Y. Liu, K. Zweiacker, C. Liu, J. T. McKeown, J. M. K. Wiezorek
Summary: The evolution of rapid solidification microstructure and solidification interface velocity of hypereutectic Al-20at.%Cu alloy after laser melting has been studied experimentally. It was found that the formation of microstructure was dominated by eutectic, alpha-cell, and banded morphology grains, and the growth modes changed with increasing interface velocity.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Bharat Gwalani, Julian Escobar, Miao Song, Jonova Thomas, Joshua Silverstein, Andrew Chihpin Chuang, Dileep Singh, Michael P. Brady, Yukinori Yamamoto, Thomas R. Watkins, Arun Devaraj
Summary: Castable alumina forming austenitic alloys exhibit superior creep life and oxidation resistance at high temperatures. This study reveals the mechanism behind the enhanced creep performance of these alloys by suppressing primary carbide formation and offers a promising alloy design strategy for high-temperature applications.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jian Song, Qi Zhang, Songsong Yao, Kunming Yang, Houyu Ma, Jiamiao Ni, Boan Zhong, Yue Liu, Jian Wang, Tongxiang Fan
Summary: Recent studies have shown that achieving an atomically flat surface for metals can greatly improve their oxidation resistance and enhance their electronic-optical applications. Researchers have explored the use of graphene as a covering layer to achieve atomically flat surfaces. They found that high-temperature deposited graphene on copper surfaces formed mono-atomic steps, while annealed copper and transferred graphene on copper interfaces formed multi-atomic steps.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jennifer A. Glerum, Jon-Erik Mogonye, David C. Dunand
Summary: Elemental powders of Al, Ti, Sc, and Zr are blended and processed via laser powder-bed fusion to create binary and ternary alloys. The microstructural analysis and mechanical testing show that the addition of Ti results in the formation of primary precipitates, while the addition of Sc and Zr leads to the formation of fine grain bands. The Al-0.25Ti-0.25Zr alloy exhibits comparable strain rates to Al-0.5Zr at low stresses, but significantly higher strain rates at higher stresses during compressive creep testing. Finite element modeling suggests that the connectivity of coarse and fine grain regions is a critical factor affecting the creep resistance of the alloys.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
P. Jannotti, B. C. Hornbuckle, J. T. Lloyd, N. Lorenzo, M. Aniska, T. L. Luckenbaugh, A. J. Roberts, A. Giri, K. A. Darling
Summary: This work characterizes the thermo-mechanical behavior of bulk nanocrystalline Cu-Ta alloys under extreme conditions. The experiments reveal that the alloys exhibit unique mechanical properties, behaving differently from conventional nanocrystalline Cu. They do not undergo grain coarsening during extrusion and exhibit behavior similar to coarse-grained Cu.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yiqing Wei, Jingwei Li, Daliang Zhang, Bin Zhang, Zizhen Zhou, Guang Han, Guoyu Wang, Carmelo Prestipino, Pierric Lemoine, Emmanuel Guilmeau, Xu Lu, Xiaoyuan Zhou
Summary: This study proposes a new strategy to modify microstructure by phase regulation, which can simultaneously enhance carrier mobility and reduce lattice thermal conductivity. The addition of Cu in layered SnSe2 induces a phase transition that leads to increased grain size and reduced stacking fault density, resulting in improved carrier mobility and lower lattice thermal conductivity.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jia Chen, Zhengyu Zhang, Eitan Hershkovitz, Jonathan Poplawsky, Raja Shekar Bhupal Dandu, Chang-Yu Hung, Wenbo Wang, Yi Yao, Lin Li, Hongliang Xin, Honggyu Kim, Wenjun Cai
Summary: In this study, the structural origin of the pH-dependent repassivation mechanisms in multi-principal element alloys (MPEA) was investigated using surface characterization and computational simulations. It was found that selective oxidation in acidic to neutral solutions leads to enhanced nickel enrichment on the surface, resulting in reduced repassivation capability and corrosion resistance.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
X. Y. Xu, C. P. Huang, H. Y. Wang, Y. Z. Li, M. X. Huang
Summary: The limited slip systems of magnesium (Mg) and its alloys hinder their wide applications. By conducting tensile straining experiments, researchers discovered a rate-dependent transition in the dislocation mechanisms of Mg alloys. At high strain rates, glissile dislocations dominate, while easy-glide dislocations dominate at low strain rates. Abundant glissile dislocations do not necessarily improve ductility.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. S. Szczerba, M. J. Szczerba
Summary: Inverse temperature dependences of the detwinning stress were observed in face-centered cubic deformation twins in Cu-8at.%Al alloy. The detwinning stress increased with temperature when the pi detwinning mode was involved, but decreased when the pi/3 mode was involved. The dual effect of temperature on the detwinning stress was due to the reduction of internal stresses pre-existing within the deformation twins. The complete reduction of internal stresses at about 530 degrees C led to the equivalence of the critical stresses of different detwinning modes and a decrease in the yield stress anisotropy of the twin/matrix structure.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Taowen Dong, Tingting Qin, Wei Zhang, Yaowen Zhang, Zhuoran Feng, Yuxiang Gao, Zhongyu Pan, Zixiang Xia, Yan Wang, Chunming Yang, Peng Wang, Weitao Zheng
Summary: The interaction between the electrode and the electric double layer (EDL) significantly influences the energy storage mechanism. By studying the popular alpha-Fe2O3 electrode and the EDL interaction, we find that the energy storage mechanism of the electrode can be controlled by modulating the EDL.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Matthew R. Barnett, Jun Wang, Sitarama R. Kada, Alban de Vaucorbeil, Andrew Stevenson, Marc Fivel, Peter A. Lynch
Summary: The elastic-plastic transition in magnesium alloy Mg-4.5Zn exhibits bursts of deformation, which are characterized by sudden changes in grain orientation. These bursts occur in a coordinated manner among nearby grains, with the highest burst rate observed at the onset of full plasticity. The most significant burst events are associated with twinning, supported by the observation of twinned structures using electron microscopy. The bursts are often preceded and followed by a stasis in peak movement, indicating a certain "birth size" for twins upon formation and subsequent growth at a later stage.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Vaidehi Menon, Sambit Das, Vikram Gavini, Liang Qi
Summary: Understanding solute segregation thermodynamics is crucial for investigating grain boundary properties. The spectral approach and thermodynamic integration methods can be used to predict solute segregation behavior at grain boundaries and compare with experimental observations, thus aiding in alloy design and performance control.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Feiyu Qin, Lei Hu, Yingcai Zhu, Yuki Sakai, Shogo Kawaguchi, Akihiko Machida, Tetsu Watanuki, Yue-Wen Fang, Jun Sun, Xiangdong Ding, Masaki Azuma
Summary: This study reports on the negative and zero thermal expansion properties of Cd2Re2O7 and Cd1.95Ni0.05Re2O7 materials, along with their ultra-low thermal conductivity. Through investigations of their structures and phonon calculations, the synergistic effect of local structure distortion and soft phonons is revealed as the key to achieving these distinctive properties.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Thomas Beerli, Christian C. Roth, Dirk Mohr
Summary: A novel testing system for miniature specimens is designed to characterize the plastic response of materials for which conventional full-size specimens cannot be extracted. The system has an automated operation process, which reduces the damage to specimens caused by manual handling and improves the stability of the test results. The experiments show that the miniature specimens extracted from stainless steel and aluminum have high reproducibility, and the results are consistent with those of conventional-sized specimens. A correction procedure is provided to consider the influence of surface roughness and heat-affected zone caused by wire EDM.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Rani Mary Joy, Paulius Pobedinskas, Nina Baule, Shengyuan Bai, Daen Jannis, Nicolas Gauquelin, Marie-Amandine Pinault-Thaury, Francois Jomard, Kamatchi Jothiramalingam Sankaran, Rozita Rouzbahani, Fernando Lloret, Derese Desta, Jan D'Haen, Johan Verbeeck, Michael Frank Becker, Ken Haenen
Summary: This study investigates the influence of film microstructure and composition on the Young's modulus and residual stress in nanocrystalline diamond thin films. The results provide insights into the mechanical properties and intrinsic stress sources of these films, and demonstrate the potential for producing high-quality nanocrystalline diamond films under certain conditions.
