4.7 Article

Porous hierarchical TiO2 nanostructures: Processing and microstructure relationships

期刊

ACTA MATERIALIA
卷 57, 期 3, 页码 854-867

出版社

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.10.032

关键词

Anodic oxidation; TiO2; Nanotubes; Scanning electron microscopy

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A dual porous hierarchical coating of TiO2 nanotubes (similar to 50 nm diameter) on the nanoscale and large (similar to 1 to 20 pm) pores on the micro-scale can be fabricated on the surface of Ti by anodic oxidation. This unique coating may have potential applications as bioactive coatings for Ti bone implants. This paper details several important aspects of the coating microstructure. TiO2 coatings were fabricated by anodic oxidation in 1 M H2SO4 + 0.1 M NaF solution. Microstructure characterization was carried out using scanning electron microscopy. We also report on the observation of precipitates which form as both a continuous surface layer and of a conical geometry. The mechanism for nanotube formation, precipitate layer formation, and microscopic pitting was discussed. The effect of processing variables (i.e. time, temperature, pH) on the TiO2 microstructure was studied. Anodization time was found to affect nanotube length and also pit size and density. Lowering the electrolyte pH decreased the nanotube length and microscopic pit density. Increasing electrolyte temperature decreased nanotube length and increased pit/pore and precipitate density. Microscopic pitting, in the nanotube coating was found to occur above grain boundaries in the Ti substrate and above Ti grains with (0001) orientation. (c) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved,

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