Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Qiyang Tan, Yu Yin, Ming-Xing Zhang
Summary: The present study compares the grain-refining efficiencies of Ti nanoparticles and LaB6 nanoparticles as inoculators in a 2024 Al alloy during additive manufacturing (AM). The experimental results reveal that Ti nanoparticles have a more pronounced refinement effect and lead to a fine, fully equiaxed microstructure, while LaB6 nanoparticles have almost no refining effect on the alloy. Further analysis suggests that the higher refining efficiency of Ti inoculation is attributed to the incorporation of Ti solute and the in situ-formed L1(2)-Al3Ti nucleation particles. This work highlights the importance of incorporating appropriate solutes to generate sufficient undercooling for the activation of heterogenous nucleation in AM.
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zhi Zhang, Jing-huai Zhang, Jun Wang, Ze-hua Li, Jin-shu Xie, Shu-juan Liu, Kai Guan, Rui-zhi Wu
Summary: Grain size significantly influences the strength and ductility of magnesium alloys, and refining grain size is a feasible strategy to prepare high-performance magnesium alloys. Further research and discussion on the effects of grain size on various magnesium alloys are needed to fully understand the key mechanisms.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MINERALS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS
(2021)
Review
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Guohua Wu, Xin Tong, Cunlong Wang, Rui Jiang, Wenjiang Ding
Summary: High-performance cast magnesium rare-earth (Mg-RE) alloys play a crucial role in various fields, and controlling grain size and distribution is essential. This article reviews the recent advances and proposed future developments in the grain refinement of cast Mg-RE alloys, providing insights for the design of grain refinement techniques and the selection of processing parameters.
JOURNAL OF MAGNESIUM AND ALLOYS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Risheng Pei, Yongchun Zou, Muhammad Zubair, Daqing Wei, Talal Al-Samman
Summary: This study investigates the synergistic effect of various alloying elements on the texture and microstructure evolution in magnesium alloys. The results demonstrate that adjusting the precipitation and solute segregation can lead to desired texture modifications.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jinshu Xie, Jinghuai Zhang, Shujuan Liu, Zihao You, Zhi Zhang, Tengfei Zhao, Xiaobo Zhang, Ruizhi Wu
Summary: A high-performance Mg-10Gd-4Dy-1.5Ag-1Zn-0.5Zr (wt.%, EQ142X) alloy was designed using multi-element composite addition, resulting in high yield strength (approx. 396 MPa) and ultimate tensile strength (approx. 451 MPa) after hot extrusion and ageing. The high strength is attributed to fine grains and nano-precipitates, especially beta' and gamma nano-precipitates, which act as the main strengthening phases. The introduction of nano-precipitates network into the fine-grained structure is proposed as an effective strategy for developing high-strength Mg alloys.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Zhi Zhang, Jinghuai Zhang, Jinshu Xie, Shujuan Liu, Yuying He, Ru Wang, Daqing Fang, Wei Fu, Yunlei Jiao, Ruizhi Wu
Summary: The addition of trace Sm can significantly increase the grain boundary segregation concentration in the dilute Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn alloy, improve its yield strength, inhibit grain growth during annealing, and contribute to the design of advanced Mg alloys.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Fangqiang Ning, Xiang Wang, Ying Yang, Jibo Tan, Ziyu Zhang, Dan Jia, Xinqiang Wu, En-Hou Han
Summary: The corrosion resistance of FeCrAl alloys in high-temperature water was found to be better than Zircaloy-4, with oxide films consisting of Fe3O4, spinel layers, and transition layers contributing to the improved performance. The detailed composition of the oxide films plays a crucial role in the corrosion mechanism of FeCrAl alloys in high-temperature water.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Risheng Pei, Yongchun Zou, Daqing Wei, Talal Al-Samman
Summary: Alloying additions in magnesium can modify common basal textures during recrystallization based on their solid solubility and precipitation behavior. The type and level of solute segregation in grain boundaries play a key role in controlling the growth behavior. Further research can advance current alloy design strategies by tweaking the solute concentration in the solid solution.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Xin Tong, Guohua Wu, Mark A. Easton, Ming Sun, David H. StJohn, Rui Jiang, Fangzhou Qi
Summary: The distribution of Zr in a commercial Mg-30Zr master alloy can be modified through tungsten inert gas arc re-melting with ultra-high frequency pulses, leading to a substantial reduction in grain size. The approach allows for refinement of Zr particle size and obtaining higher contents of soluble Zr and nanoscale Zr particles. This new method proposes a new approach to the design and fabrication of high-efficiency grain refiners.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Chuanlong Xu, Mingyi Zhang, Xiaobao Tian, Wentao Jiang, Qingyuan Wang, Haidong Fan
Summary: The interaction between Mg17Al12 precipitate and low-angle grain boundaries in Mg-Al alloys was investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The precipitate was found to be sheared by grain boundaries with a rotation angle of 9 degrees or larger, but not sheared with a rotation angle smaller than 8 degrees. An analytical model based on Eshelby theory was proposed to explain this behavior, and it showed good agreement with the simulation results. The critical shear of the grain boundary was found to be related to the aspect ratio of the precipitate.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Iwona Bednarczyk, Dariusz Kuc
Summary: This article investigates the influence of extrusion methods on the microstructure and mechanical properties of WE43 magnesium alloy. Different deformation methods were applied to determine their effects on the alloy's structure and properties. The study shows that the KoBo method enables superplastic flow and microstructure refinement. These findings are significant for the development of forming technology for lightweight construction elements.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Mingzhe Bian, Xinsheng Huang, Yasumasa Chino
Summary: In the solution treated state, Ag and Ca atoms segregate to grain boundaries, promoting the early formation of GB precipitates compared to the grain interior. Prolonged aging results in the growth of GB precipitates, which serve as preferred initiation sites for microcracks.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
A. M. Panindre, H. O. Colijn, G. B. Viswanathan, X. Guo, C. D. Taylor, G. S. Frankel
Summary: A non-equimolar multi-principal element alloy with excellent corrosion resistance properties has been designed, and it shows outstanding resistance to both general and localized corrosion in highly aggressive environments, in both its single-phase and heat-treated multi-phase forms.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zi-Ren Xie, Cheng Zhang, Hu-Cheng Pan, Yu-Xin Wang, Yu-Ping Ren, Gao-Wu Qin
Summary: Electrochemical and immersion tests were conducted to characterize the bio-corrosion resistance of as-extruded Mg-Ca binary alloys with submicron grain size. The microstructures were further characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electronic microscopy and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The Mg-2Ca alloy extruded at 300 degrees C (2Ca-300) exhibits the lowest current density of 1.683 mA·cm-2 and corrosion rate of 22.14 g·m-2·day-1 in simulated body fluid, which is comparable with that of pure Mg. Ca addition can reduce grain size of as-extruded Mg alloy and decrease the corrosion rate. The formed Mg2Ca phases would accelerate the local galvanic corrosion and protect the alpha-Mg matrix simultaneously due to the lower electrode potential. The lower defect density, finer grain size, and weaker basal texture intensity contribute to the excellent bi-corrosion resistance of the 2Ca-300 alloy.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Feng Wang, Yu-Lung Chiu, Dmitry Eskin, Wenjia Du, Paul R. Shearing
Summary: The study found that the addition of vanadium can cause grain refinement of cast commercial purity aluminium, mainly due to the high nucleation potency and sufficient growth restriction effect of Al10V particles. In addition, the relatively large size of Al10V particles helps to promote the nucleation of aluminium grains.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Y. Liu, K. Zweiacker, C. Liu, J. T. McKeown, J. M. K. Wiezorek
Summary: The evolution of rapid solidification microstructure and solidification interface velocity of hypereutectic Al-20at.%Cu alloy after laser melting has been studied experimentally. It was found that the formation of microstructure was dominated by eutectic, alpha-cell, and banded morphology grains, and the growth modes changed with increasing interface velocity.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Bharat Gwalani, Julian Escobar, Miao Song, Jonova Thomas, Joshua Silverstein, Andrew Chihpin Chuang, Dileep Singh, Michael P. Brady, Yukinori Yamamoto, Thomas R. Watkins, Arun Devaraj
Summary: Castable alumina forming austenitic alloys exhibit superior creep life and oxidation resistance at high temperatures. This study reveals the mechanism behind the enhanced creep performance of these alloys by suppressing primary carbide formation and offers a promising alloy design strategy for high-temperature applications.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jian Song, Qi Zhang, Songsong Yao, Kunming Yang, Houyu Ma, Jiamiao Ni, Boan Zhong, Yue Liu, Jian Wang, Tongxiang Fan
Summary: Recent studies have shown that achieving an atomically flat surface for metals can greatly improve their oxidation resistance and enhance their electronic-optical applications. Researchers have explored the use of graphene as a covering layer to achieve atomically flat surfaces. They found that high-temperature deposited graphene on copper surfaces formed mono-atomic steps, while annealed copper and transferred graphene on copper interfaces formed multi-atomic steps.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jennifer A. Glerum, Jon-Erik Mogonye, David C. Dunand
Summary: Elemental powders of Al, Ti, Sc, and Zr are blended and processed via laser powder-bed fusion to create binary and ternary alloys. The microstructural analysis and mechanical testing show that the addition of Ti results in the formation of primary precipitates, while the addition of Sc and Zr leads to the formation of fine grain bands. The Al-0.25Ti-0.25Zr alloy exhibits comparable strain rates to Al-0.5Zr at low stresses, but significantly higher strain rates at higher stresses during compressive creep testing. Finite element modeling suggests that the connectivity of coarse and fine grain regions is a critical factor affecting the creep resistance of the alloys.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
P. Jannotti, B. C. Hornbuckle, J. T. Lloyd, N. Lorenzo, M. Aniska, T. L. Luckenbaugh, A. J. Roberts, A. Giri, K. A. Darling
Summary: This work characterizes the thermo-mechanical behavior of bulk nanocrystalline Cu-Ta alloys under extreme conditions. The experiments reveal that the alloys exhibit unique mechanical properties, behaving differently from conventional nanocrystalline Cu. They do not undergo grain coarsening during extrusion and exhibit behavior similar to coarse-grained Cu.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yiqing Wei, Jingwei Li, Daliang Zhang, Bin Zhang, Zizhen Zhou, Guang Han, Guoyu Wang, Carmelo Prestipino, Pierric Lemoine, Emmanuel Guilmeau, Xu Lu, Xiaoyuan Zhou
Summary: This study proposes a new strategy to modify microstructure by phase regulation, which can simultaneously enhance carrier mobility and reduce lattice thermal conductivity. The addition of Cu in layered SnSe2 induces a phase transition that leads to increased grain size and reduced stacking fault density, resulting in improved carrier mobility and lower lattice thermal conductivity.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jia Chen, Zhengyu Zhang, Eitan Hershkovitz, Jonathan Poplawsky, Raja Shekar Bhupal Dandu, Chang-Yu Hung, Wenbo Wang, Yi Yao, Lin Li, Hongliang Xin, Honggyu Kim, Wenjun Cai
Summary: In this study, the structural origin of the pH-dependent repassivation mechanisms in multi-principal element alloys (MPEA) was investigated using surface characterization and computational simulations. It was found that selective oxidation in acidic to neutral solutions leads to enhanced nickel enrichment on the surface, resulting in reduced repassivation capability and corrosion resistance.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
X. Y. Xu, C. P. Huang, H. Y. Wang, Y. Z. Li, M. X. Huang
Summary: The limited slip systems of magnesium (Mg) and its alloys hinder their wide applications. By conducting tensile straining experiments, researchers discovered a rate-dependent transition in the dislocation mechanisms of Mg alloys. At high strain rates, glissile dislocations dominate, while easy-glide dislocations dominate at low strain rates. Abundant glissile dislocations do not necessarily improve ductility.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. S. Szczerba, M. J. Szczerba
Summary: Inverse temperature dependences of the detwinning stress were observed in face-centered cubic deformation twins in Cu-8at.%Al alloy. The detwinning stress increased with temperature when the pi detwinning mode was involved, but decreased when the pi/3 mode was involved. The dual effect of temperature on the detwinning stress was due to the reduction of internal stresses pre-existing within the deformation twins. The complete reduction of internal stresses at about 530 degrees C led to the equivalence of the critical stresses of different detwinning modes and a decrease in the yield stress anisotropy of the twin/matrix structure.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Taowen Dong, Tingting Qin, Wei Zhang, Yaowen Zhang, Zhuoran Feng, Yuxiang Gao, Zhongyu Pan, Zixiang Xia, Yan Wang, Chunming Yang, Peng Wang, Weitao Zheng
Summary: The interaction between the electrode and the electric double layer (EDL) significantly influences the energy storage mechanism. By studying the popular alpha-Fe2O3 electrode and the EDL interaction, we find that the energy storage mechanism of the electrode can be controlled by modulating the EDL.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Matthew R. Barnett, Jun Wang, Sitarama R. Kada, Alban de Vaucorbeil, Andrew Stevenson, Marc Fivel, Peter A. Lynch
Summary: The elastic-plastic transition in magnesium alloy Mg-4.5Zn exhibits bursts of deformation, which are characterized by sudden changes in grain orientation. These bursts occur in a coordinated manner among nearby grains, with the highest burst rate observed at the onset of full plasticity. The most significant burst events are associated with twinning, supported by the observation of twinned structures using electron microscopy. The bursts are often preceded and followed by a stasis in peak movement, indicating a certain "birth size" for twins upon formation and subsequent growth at a later stage.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Vaidehi Menon, Sambit Das, Vikram Gavini, Liang Qi
Summary: Understanding solute segregation thermodynamics is crucial for investigating grain boundary properties. The spectral approach and thermodynamic integration methods can be used to predict solute segregation behavior at grain boundaries and compare with experimental observations, thus aiding in alloy design and performance control.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Feiyu Qin, Lei Hu, Yingcai Zhu, Yuki Sakai, Shogo Kawaguchi, Akihiko Machida, Tetsu Watanuki, Yue-Wen Fang, Jun Sun, Xiangdong Ding, Masaki Azuma
Summary: This study reports on the negative and zero thermal expansion properties of Cd2Re2O7 and Cd1.95Ni0.05Re2O7 materials, along with their ultra-low thermal conductivity. Through investigations of their structures and phonon calculations, the synergistic effect of local structure distortion and soft phonons is revealed as the key to achieving these distinctive properties.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Thomas Beerli, Christian C. Roth, Dirk Mohr
Summary: A novel testing system for miniature specimens is designed to characterize the plastic response of materials for which conventional full-size specimens cannot be extracted. The system has an automated operation process, which reduces the damage to specimens caused by manual handling and improves the stability of the test results. The experiments show that the miniature specimens extracted from stainless steel and aluminum have high reproducibility, and the results are consistent with those of conventional-sized specimens. A correction procedure is provided to consider the influence of surface roughness and heat-affected zone caused by wire EDM.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Rani Mary Joy, Paulius Pobedinskas, Nina Baule, Shengyuan Bai, Daen Jannis, Nicolas Gauquelin, Marie-Amandine Pinault-Thaury, Francois Jomard, Kamatchi Jothiramalingam Sankaran, Rozita Rouzbahani, Fernando Lloret, Derese Desta, Jan D'Haen, Johan Verbeeck, Michael Frank Becker, Ken Haenen
Summary: This study investigates the influence of film microstructure and composition on the Young's modulus and residual stress in nanocrystalline diamond thin films. The results provide insights into the mechanical properties and intrinsic stress sources of these films, and demonstrate the potential for producing high-quality nanocrystalline diamond films under certain conditions.