Article
Polymer Science
Zhe Huang, Bo Ruan, Jin Wu, Ning Ma, Tao Jiang, Fang-Chang Tsai
Summary: The study developed flame retardant polypropylene containing micro-envelope core-shell structure flame retardants, which showed improved fire safety and thermal stability. Additionally, polyamide 6 was found to have a better char-forming effect, contributing to the enhanced flame retardant performance.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Tao Chen, Xin-Ya Liu, Ting Wang, Lei He, Jin-Ni Deng, Zhi-Cheng Fu, Tian-Bao Zhao, Chang-Lin Xia, Zhi-hui Liu, Ming-Jun Chen
Summary: In this study, hydroxylated melamine (MOH) was synthesized and used as a charring and blowing agent in combination with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to develop an intumescent flame retardant for epoxy resin. The resulting APP/MOH system significantly improved the flame retardancy of epoxy resin, achieving a LOI value of 32.5% and reaching UL 94 V-0 standards. Compared to other flame retardant systems, such as APP/PER, the APP/MOH system exhibited lower peak heat release rate and peak smoke production rate.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Zheng Yang, Xueting Chen, Shike Lu, Zhenhua Wang, Jiantong Li, Baoying Liu, Xiaomin Fang, Tao Ding, Yuanqing Xu
Summary: The ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was modified by a titanate coupling agent to form a new type of intumescent flame retardant (Ti-IFR) when compounded with benzoxazine (BOZ) and melamine (ME). CaCO3 was used as a synergist with Ti-IFR to modify polyoxymethylene (POM). The flame-retardant properties and mechanism of the composites were analyzed, and it was found that Ti-IFR enhanced the gas phase flame retardant effect, while CaCO3 strengthened the barrier effect in the condensed phase. When used together, they exhibited excellent synergistic effect.
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Junjie Wang, Jinhao Chen, Wenwen Wang, Jing Lu, Yingying Li, Ting Bai, Jiahui Chen, Zongmin Zhu, Dong Wang
Summary: A new boron-containing chitosan-based compound (HBS) was synthesized and used in combination with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to improve the flame retardancy of epoxy resin. The modified epoxy composites showed enhanced flame retardant properties, with high LOI value, low heat release rate and smoke production. The addition of HBS and APP also increased the char residue, providing a dense and protective layer on the surface of the epoxy resin.
Article
Polymer Science
Anothai Suwanniroj, Nitinat Suppakarn
Summary: In this study, flame-retardant poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) composites were developed using a bio-based intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system. Water hyacinth fiber (WHF) was used as a bio-based carbon source, and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) served as an acid source and blowing agent. The results showed that the 15WHF/30APP/PBS composite with a specific WHF to APP ratio and total IFR content exhibited excellent flame retardancy, improved thermal stability, and enhanced mechanical properties.
Article
Polymer Science
Yanlong Sui, Xueyan Dai, Peihong Li, Chunling Zhang
Summary: This study utilized APP@ATNi to prepare a multifunctional IFR system, enhancing the flame retardancy of composites and reducing smoke production and heat release during combustion, providing guidance for the design of bio-sourced flame retardant systems.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Xu-Chen Jiang, Ping Li, Yun Liu, Jun-Sheng Wang
Summary: A flame-retardant coating was successfully constructed on ramie fabrics using the dip-pad-bake method, resulting in enhanced fire safety properties. The simple preparation process of RF-APPs using only APP provides a feasible solution for flame-retardant natural fibers reinforced composites.
Article
Polymer Science
Qining Ke, Junchen Bai, Ge Zhang, Jiacheng Zhang, Mingshu Yang
Summary: A linear vinyl polysiloxane (PD) was synthesized and self-crosslinked under benzoyl peroxide to prepare surface-coated ammonium polyphosphate (APP@PD), which exhibited high hydrophobicity. PP/APP@PD/DPER showed better flame retardancy, water resistance, and mechanical properties compared to PP/APP/DPER composites. The improvement in compatibility and flame retardancy was attributed to the reduced interfacial free energy (IFE) between APP@PD and PP.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Jianzhong Zhang, Yang Fang, Anlin Zhang, Youming Yu, Lina Liu, Siqi Huo, Xuesen Zeng, Hong Peng, Pingan Song
Summary: This study proposes a new surface modification strategy by synthesizing a Schiff base-coated ammonium polyphosphate (MAPP) to improve the flame retardancy and thermal stability of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR). The addition of MAPP enhances the mechanical properties of UPR and inhibits heat and smoke release during combustion. The results show that MAPP is an efficient flame retardant for UPR and has potential applications in various industries.
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xiaohan Hao, Mingli Li, Yishuai Huang, Yihua Sun, Kunxiang Zhang, Chuigen Guo
Summary: This study used ammonium polyphosphate and waterborne epoxy resin to modify fast-growing poplar, improving its flame retardancy and mechanical properties, as well as significantly enhancing its dimensional stability. This research is of great significance for the effective utilization of wood.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Lei Yu, Guochao Yang, Xuanye Wang, Jian Fang
Summary: This study employed an in-situ precipitation method to construct a double-shell ammonium polyphosphate microcapsule, with ethyl cellulose and nano-silica serving as shell materials. The microcapsule exhibited improved flame retardancy and fire safety, as evidenced by significant reductions in both maximum heat release rate and total heat release. The real-time Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectrum analyses revealed the combustion process of the modified kraft paper. Physical and hygroscopicity tests demonstrated superior compatibility of the microcapsule with substrates.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xin-Miao Li, Wei-Bin Bai, Yu-Cai Lin, Fu-Chuan Ding, Rong-Kun Jian
Summary: In this study, interfacial coordination reaction was utilized to construct flame retardant epoxy resin with robust mechanical strength and blue-fluorescence. By decorating ammonium polyphosphate with nicotinic acid-nickel chelate, the as-cured epoxy resin exhibited high mechanical strength and blue-fluorescence, and achieved a V-0 rating and high limiting oxygen index.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Fanchao Zeng, Yonghuan Zhao, Yang Meng, Juanjuan Su, Jian Han
Summary: In this study, organic-inorganic-modified ammonium polyphosphate (APP) flame retardant was prepared using a sol-gel method and successfully added into polyurethane to enhance its flame retardancy. The results showed that VTSAPP significantly improved the LOI value of PU and reduced the smoke released during combustion.
JOURNAL OF SOL-GEL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xiaolu Wu, Zhaolu Qin, Xiang Zhang, Zhenfei Yu, Wenchao Zhang, Rongjie Yang, Dinghua Li
Summary: A novel composite and functional micro-nanometer particle called surface nanostructured ammonium polyphosphate (NSAPP) is designed by the hydrolysis of aluminium isopropoxide on the surface of ammonium polyphosphate (APP). NSAPP exhibits enhanced water resistance and thermostability due to the deposition of nanosized aluminium hydroxide on its surface. The flame retardant performance of polypropylene (PP) is improved by coupling APP and NSAPP with dipentaerythritol (DPER).
Article
Polymer Science
Youlin Qin, Mingchao Li, Tuankang Huang, Chunhui Shen, Shanjun Gao
Summary: In this study, a star-shaped flame retardant containing phosphorus and nitrogen was synthesized and combined with ammonium polyphosphate to form an intumescent flame-retardant system. The stable star-shaped structure and the synergistic effect between phosphorus and nitrogen enabled the formation of an insulating char layer on the surface of the polymer matrix. The flame retardancy and thermal stability of the composite were significantly improved compared to pure polymer.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2022)