Mutational and structural studies of the active-site residues in truncated Fibrobacter succinogenes 1,3-1,4-β-D-glucanase

1,3-1,4-beta-D-Glucanases (EC 3.2.1.73) specifically hydrolyze beta-1,4-glycosidic bonds located prior to beta-1,3-glycosidic linkages in lichenan or beta-D-glucans. It has been suggested that truncated Fibrobacter succinogenes 1,3-1,4-beta-D-glucanase (TFs beta-glucanase) can accommodate five glucose rings in its active site upon enzyme-substrate interaction. In this study, 12 mutant enzymes were created by mutating the conserved residues Gln70, Asn72, Gln81 and Glu85 proposed to bind to substrate subsites +1 and +2 and the catalytic properties of these mutants were determined. The most significant change in catalytic activity was observed on mutation of Gln70, with a 299-fold and 498-fold lower k(cat)/K-m for the mutants Q70A and Q70I, respectively, compared with the wild-type enzyme. Mutagenesis, kinetic and structural studies revealed that the conserved residues surrounding the active site of TFs beta-glucanase at substrate subsites + 1 and + 2 play an important role in its catalytic function, with the following order of importance: Gln70 > Asn72 > Glu85 > Gln81. The crystal structure of mutant E85I was determined at 2.2 angstrom resolution. Further analysis of the E85I mutant structure revealed that the loop located at the concave site moved approximately 2 angstrom from its position in the native enzyme complex without changing the core structure.