Peyer's patch innate lymphoid cells regulate commensal bacteria expansion

Anatomical containment of commensal bacteria in the intestinal mucosa is promoted by innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). However, the mechanism by which ILCs regulate bacterial localization to specific regions remains unknown. Here we show that Peyer's patch (PP) ILCs robustly produce IL-22 and IFN-gamma in the absence of exogenous stimuli. Antibiotic treatment of mice decreased both IL-22(+) and IFN-gamma(+) cells in PPs. Blockade of both IL-2 and IL-23 signaling in vitro lowered IL-22 and IFN-gamma production. PP ILCs induced mRNA expression of the antibacterial proteins RegIII beta and RegIII gamma in intestinal epithelial cells. Furthermore, in vivo depletion of ILCs rather than T cells altered bacterial composition and allowed bacterial proliferation in PPs. Collectively, our results show that ILCs regulate the expansion of commensal bacteria in PPs. (C) 2015 European Federation of Immunological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.