Article
Immunology
Vipula R. Bataduwaarachchi, S. M. N. Hansanie, Neesha Rockwood, Leon Gerard D'Cruz
Summary: Epidemiological studies have shown a high prevalence of tuberculosis among chronic opioid users. Opioids have immunomodulatory properties that could contribute to immunosuppression and the development or reactivation of tuberculosis. Blocking specific immune pathways may play a critical role in causing tuberculosis among chronic morphine users.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Alok K. Paul, Craig M. Smith, Mohammed Rahmatullah, Veeranoot Nissapatorn, Polrat Wilairatana, Mariana Spetea, Nuri Gueven, Nikolas Dietis
Summary: Opioids are commonly used for pain management but have numerous adverse effects, particularly in older adults. Understanding the mechanisms of opioid-induced adverse reactions can aid in improving pain management strategies.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sarah Stevens, Shekher Mohan
Summary: With the increasing opioid use among pregnant women and the resulting rise in infants born with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS), there is a need to understand the short and long-term effects of prenatal opioid exposure. The study using spiny mice as a model found that prenatal morphine exposure led to increased withdrawal behavior in early postnatal period, indicating the potential for this species as a novel preclinical model of NOWS.
Article
Pediatrics
Richa Lavingia, Ealing Mondragon, Nina McFarlane-Johansson, Rohit P. Shenoi
Summary: By implementing intervention measures based on 4 key drivers, the study successfully reduced opioid prescriptions for children with fractures and cutaneous abscesses, increased safe opioid storage and disposal discharge instructions, and enrolled all emergency department physicians in the prescription drug monitoring program.
Review
Toxicology
Brian A. Baldo, Nghia H. Pham
Summary: The pathophysiology of non-immune-mediated drug reactions has been explored through research on MRGPRX2, a human mast cell receptor that mediates adverse reactions without antibody priming. Activation of MRGPRX2 can cause mast cell degranulation and release of histamine, leading to symptoms such as flushing, headache, and skin reactions. Different opioids have varying histamine-releasing potencies and their correlation with MRGPRX2 activation and adverse cutaneous effects is still unknown. Ongoing research using basophil and mast cell tests based on insights from MRGPRX2 should provide further understanding of the relationship between histamine release, MRGPRX2 activation, and adverse reactions caused by opioids.
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pablo Berrios-Carcamo, Mauricio Quezada, Daniela Santapau, Paola Morales, Belen Olivares, Carolina Ponce, Alba avila, Cristian De Gregorio, Marcelo Ezquer, Maria Elena Quintanilla, Mario Herrera-Marschitz, Yedy Israel, Fernando Ezquer
Summary: The study establishes a voluntary oral morphine consumption animal model by training rats to accept a bitter taste preference, which can be used to evaluate therapeutic interventions for the treatment of morphine dependence.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Cindy Ung, Yoshihiro Yonekawa, Jennifer F. Waljee, Vidhya Gunaseelan, Yen-Ling Lai, Maria A. Woodward
Summary: In patients who underwent ophthalmic surgery, the rate of new persistent opioid use was 3.4% in those who had prior opioid exposure compared to 0.6% in opioid-naive patients. For patients who had an initial perioperative opioid prescription, a prescription size of 150 morphine milligram equivalents or more was associated with an increased odds of refill.
Article
Oncology
Pawita Limsomwong, Thammasin Ingviya, Orapan Fumaneeshoat
Summary: This study assessed the trends and factors associated with opioid prescriptions for cancer patients in Songklanagarind Hospital, the largest referral center in Southern Thailand. The study found that age, cancer stage, and bone metastasis were factors associated with the amount of opioid usage. Therefore, promoting opioid prescriptions for pain management through medical education can help doctors overcome opiophobia.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Julie O'Donnell, R. Matt Gladden, Mbabazi Kariisa, Christine L. Mattson
Summary: Integrating medical examiner/coroner report data can improve identification of specific drugs contributing to overdose deaths and enhance overdose intervention targeting for better outcomes.
Article
Cell Biology
Kateryna Murlanova, Yan Jouroukhin, Ksenia Novototskaya-Vlasova, Shovgi Huseynov, Olga Pletnikova, Michael J. J. Morales, Yun Guan, Atsushi Kamiya, Dwight E. E. Bergles, David M. M. Dietz, Mikhail V. V. Pletnikov
Summary: The function of mu opioid receptors in astrocytes and their role in reward- and aversion-associated behaviors have been investigated. The knockout of mu opioid receptors in astrocytes did not affect locomotor activity, anxiety, or object recognition in mice exposed to morphine. However, it enhanced locomotor activity and conditioned place aversion during naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal, which lasted for up to 6 weeks.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Anton Pottegard, Anne Mette Skov Sorensen, Morten Olesen, Lotte Rasmussen
Summary: This study describes the distribution of opioid prescribers in Denmark, including general practitioners, hospital prescribers, and other prescribers. General practitioners are responsible for most opioid treatments, but hospital prescribers are increasingly involved, especially in initiating morphine and oxycodone treatments. There have been changes in the choice of opioids, with a decrease in codeine use and a shift towards tramadol as the most common choice for general practitioners.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Michael P. Wilczek, Francesca J. Armstrong, Remi P. Geohegan, Colleen L. Mayberry, Jeanne K. DuShane, Benjamin L. King, Melissa S. Maginnis
Summary: JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) requires the MAPK/ERK pathway and DUSPs, particularly DUSP1, for successful infection in primary human astrocytes (NHAs). Additionally, immune activation unique to NHAs was observed. These findings provide important insights into the mechanisms of JCPyV infection.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lirit Levi, Elad Hikri, Aron Popovtzer, Avraham Dayan, Amir Levi, Gideon Bachar, Aviram Mizrachi, Hagit Shoffel-Havakuk
Summary: Recent studies indicate that opioids play a role in the progression of HNSCC through mu opioid receptors (MOR), but the effects of their activation or blockage are unclear. This study explored the expression of MOR-1 in seven HNSCC cell lines and investigated the effects of opiate receptor agonist (morphine) and antagonist (naloxone) on cell proliferation and migration, as well as the synergistic cytotoxic effect with cisplatin. The findings suggest that opioids may increase HNSCC cell proliferation by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, and blocking MOR may enhance the sensitivity of HNSCC to cisplatin.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Nycole Maza, Dandan Wang, Cody Kowalski, Hannah M. Stoveken, Maria Dao, Omar K. Sial, Andrew C. Giles, Brock Grill, Kirill A. Martemyanov
Summary: Repeated exposure to opioids leads to the development of tolerance, limiting their analgesic effects and increasing the risk of abuse and overdose. This study identified Ptchd1 as a gene involved in regulating opioid tolerance through its effects on receptor trafficking and desensitization. The findings suggest an evolutionarily conserved role for Ptchd1 in protecting against opioid overstimulation.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Pilar Carrasco-Garrido, Domingo Palacios-Cena, Valentin Hernandez-Barrera, Isabel Jimenez-Trujillo, Carmen Gallardo-Pino, Cesar Fernandez-de-las-Penas
Summary: The study describes the prevalence and associated factors of opioid and non-opioid analgesic usage in patients with post-COVID-19 condition. The findings show that the prevalence of opioid analgesic consumption is 24.1%, while non-opioid analgesic consumption is 82.3%. Females are more likely to consume non-opioid analgesics, and factors such as marital status, monthly income, number of post-COVID symptoms, and anxiolytic consumption are associated with opioid analgesic usage. Older age and anxiolytic consumption are predictors of non-opioid analgesic consumption.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)