期刊
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
卷 6, 期 14, 页码 11376-11384出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/am501965d
关键词
solution-processed photovoltaic devices; molecule-based solar cells; squaraines; triarylamines; N,N-diarylanilinosquaraines; organic bulk heterojunctions
资金
- Polymer-Based Materials for Harvesting Solar Energy, an Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001087]
- Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
2,4-Bis[4'-(N,N-di(4 ''-hydroxyphenyl)amino)-2',6'-dihydroxyphenyl]squaraine (Sq-TAA-OH, optical bandgap 1.4 eV, HOMO level -5.3 eV by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy) is used as an active layer material in solution processed, bulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaic cells with configuration ITO/PEDOT:PSS/Sq-TAA-OH:PC71BM/LiF/Al. Power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) up to 4.8% are obtained by a well-reproducible procedure using a mixture of good and poor Sq-TAA-OH solubilizing organic solvents, with diiodooctane (DIO) additive to make a bulk heterojunction layer, followed by thermal annealing, to give optimized V-OC = 0.84-0.86 V, J(SC) = 10 mA cm(-2), and FF = 0.53. X-ray diffraction and scattering studies of pristine, pure Sq-TAA-OH solution-cast films show d-spacing features similar to single-crystal packing and spacing. The DIO additive in a good solvent/poor solvent mixture apparently broadens the size distribution of Sq-TAA-OH crystallites in pristine films, but thermal annealing provides a narrower size distribution. Direct X-ray diffraction and scattering morphological studies of as-fabricated active layers show improved Sq-TAA-OH/PC71BM phase separation and formation of crystallites, similar to 48 nm in size, under conditions that give the best PCE.
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