Article
Food Science & Technology
Ting Wu, Mingyue Shen, Qiang Yu, Yi Chen, Xianxiang Chen, Jun Yang, Lixin Huang, Xiaomei Guo, Jianhua Xie
Summary: The study revealed that Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharide has an impact on the gut microbiota of healthy mice, increasing the release of short-chain fatty acids, enhancing microbial diversity, and affecting the relative abundance of specific bacteria.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Fen Zhang, Mating Wan, Tao Zuo, Yun Kit Yeoh, Qin Liu, Lin Zhang, Hui Zhan, Wenqi Lu, Wenye Xu, Grace C. Y. Lui, Amy Y. L. Li, Chun Pan Cheung, Chun Kwok Wong, Paul K. S. Chan, Francis K. L. Chan, Siew C. Ng
Summary: Patients with COVID-19 displayed impaired capacity for SCFA and L-isoleucine biosynthesis in their gut microbiome, even after disease resolution. These microbial dysfunctions were associated with host immune response, highlighting the importance of gut microbial functions in the pathogenesis and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Benchi Cai, Lifan Zhong, Qitong Wang, Wendi Xu, Xi Li, Tao Chen
Summary: This study investigates the neuroprotective mechanisms of curcumin for Parkinson's disease through the microbiota-gut-brain axis, and finds that curcumin alleviates motor deficits and gut dysfunctions by regulating the gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Akari Nishida, Junki Miyamoto, Hidenori Shimizu, Ikuo Kimura
Summary: The study found that the SCFA receptor Olfr78 is highly expressed in the colon and enteroendocrine cells, and can promote the secretion of anorexigenic gut hormone PYY through SCFAs such as acetate, playing a crucial role in anti-obesity and anorexigenic effects.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Giuseppe Marano, Marianna Mazza, Francesco Maria Lisci, Michele Ciliberto, Gianandrea Traversi, Georgios Demetrios Kotzalidis, Domenico De Berardis, Lucrezia Laterza, Gabriele Sani, Antonio Gasbarrini, Eleonora Gaetani
Summary: There is increasing interest in the role of intestinal microbiota and autoimmune processes in psychiatric diseases. Altered communication between the microbiota-gut-brain axis may be a cause of psychiatric disorders. This review explores the evidence for the involvement of gut microbiota in psychiatric diseases and the impact of diet on microbiota and mental health. Changes in gut microbiota composition can lead to increased intestinal permeability, resulting in a cytokine storm, systemic inflammation, and immune response. These events can affect neurotransmitter release, alter the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and reduce trophic brain factors. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms connecting gut microbiota and psychiatric disorders.
Review
Cell Biology
Juanjuan Wang, Ningning Zhu, Xiaomin Su, Yunhuan Gao, Rongcun Yang
Summary: The gut microbiota, which consists of bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses, and phages, plays a role in regulating the host immune response and maintaining homeostasis. Changes in the gut microbiota have been linked to immune-related diseases. Metabolites produced by specific microorganisms in the gut, such as SCFAs, Trp, and BA, affect genetic and epigenetic regulation as well as metabolism in immune cells. These metabolites activate receptors on immunosuppressive and inflammatory cells, promoting the differentiation and function of the former while inhibiting the latter, thereby maintaining immune homeostasis. This review summarizes recent research on the metabolism of SCFAs, Trp, and BA in the gut microbiota and their effects on gut and systemic immune homeostasis, particularly on immune cell differentiation and functions.
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Noah D. Koblinsky, Krista A. Power, Laura Middleton, Guylaine Ferland, Nicole D. Anderson
Summary: Interest in the gut-brain axis and its implications for neurodegenerative diseases is growing. Microbial imbalances in the gastrointestinal tract are associated with impaired cognition and may represent a therapeutic target for lowering dementia risk. Further research is needed to understand the role of the gut microbiome in diet and exercise effects on cognition in order to optimize lifestyle interventions.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yongmei Li, Lu Li, Jinhong Tian, Fengxin Zheng, Hui Liao, Zean Zhao, Yanyu Chen, Jianxin Pang, Ting Wu
Summary: This study found that insoluble fiber from barley leaves has protective effects against hyperuricemic nephropathy by reducing serum uric acid and creatinine levels, alleviating renal injury and fibrosis. It also modulates oxidative stress and downregulates the expression of urate transporter 1 and glucose transporter 9. Furthermore, insoluble fiber increases the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acids-producing bacteria and SCFAs levels.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Danna Wang, Luyao Wang, Liuyang Han, Boyang Wang, Renjie Shi, Jin Ye, Bing Xia, Zhenting Zhao, Beita Zhao, Xuebo Liu
Summary: The research shows that Leucine restriction (LR) has a positive impact on insulin resistance and white adipose tissue browning. However, the effect of LR on obesity-associated cognitive impairment has not been well studied. This study found that LR for 8 weeks significantly improved cognitive decline caused by a high-fat diet (HFD), preventing synaptic dysfunction, increasing neurotrophic factors, and inhibiting neuroinflammation in memory-related brain regions. Additionally, LR reshaped the gut microbiota structure by reducing inflammation-related bacteria and increasing short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria. LR also restored HFD-induced SCFA reduction, gut barrier damage, and LPS leakage. These findings suggest that LR could be a beneficial approach to mitigate obesity-induced cognitive deficits by balancing gut microbiota homeostasis and enhancing SCFA production.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xiang-Yun Yan, Jun-Peng Yao, Yan-Qiu Li, Xian-Jun Xiao, Wan-Qing Yang, Si-Jue Chen, Tai-Chun Tang, Yu-Qing Yang, Liu Qu, Yu-Jun Hou, Min Chen, Ying Li
Summary: This study comprehensively evaluated the effect of acupuncture on gut microbiota in patients with functional constipation (FC). Acupuncture was found to improve clinical symptoms in FC patients, and was associated with changes in gut microbiota composition and increased butyrate acid levels. Specific microbial genera, such as Coprobacter and Lactobacillus, were identified as predictive of acupuncture efficacy in treating FC. These findings provide a basis for designing personalized treatment strategies.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
JunMei Wang, Chunxiu Ren, Lingling Jin, Wuliji Batu
Summary: This study evaluated the anti-COPD effect of Seabuckthorn Wuwei Pulvis (SWP) and its correlation with the composition of gut microbiota. The results showed that SWP improved pulmonary functions, decreased lung inflammation, shaped the gut microbiota, increased short-chain fatty acid production, and strengthened the intestinal barrier function.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Zeng Zhang, Qiannan Peng, Dongxue Huo, Shuaiming Jiang, Chenchen Ma, Haibo Chang, Kaining Chen, Congfa Li, Yonggui Pan, Jiachao Zhang
Summary: The study found that melatonin regulates the disruption of neurotransmitter secretion through the microbiota-gut-brain axis, supporting the future development of psychotropic drugs targeting the intestinal microbiota.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Yu Li, Daiyang Xia, Jianying Chen, Xiufen Zhang, Heng Wang, Liang Huang, Jiajia Shen, Shunxiang Wang, Yan Feng, Danyan He, Jiaqing Wang, Hui Ye, Yongwen Zhu, Lin Yang, Wence Wang
Summary: Dietary fiber plays a crucial role in gastrointestinal health and its effect on goose growth and lipid levels varies with different viscosities. High viscosity fiber has a better lipid-lowering effect, while medium viscosity fiber provides better intestinal mucosal protection.
Review
Microbiology
Saba Miri, JuDong Yeo, Sarah Abubaker, Riadh Hammami
Summary: The gut microbiome, influenced by diet, xenobiotics, genetics, and other environmental factors, acts as a metabolic interactome that affects the host's nutrient absorption, metabolism, and immune system. It also produces a variety of neuroactive metabolites that can impact brain function and cognition. The correlation between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system has sparked a new field of research called neuromicrobiology. Although microbiome-targeted interventions are seen as promising treatments, the mechanisms underlying host-microbiome interactions need further exploration to inform evidence-based therapeutic applications.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Julia Murciano-Brea, Martin Garcia-Montes, Stefano Geuna, Celia Herrera-Rincon
Summary: The evidence connecting gut bacteria and brain neurons has led to a paradigm shift in neuroscience, highlighting the importance of bidirectional communication between intestinal bacteria and the brain. This interaction may have significant implications for brain function and behavior.
