Review
Microbiology
Kyaw M. Hlaing, Lea M. Monday, Marcio Nucci, Simone A. Nouer, Sanjay G. Revankar
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused over 6 million deaths worldwide, largely due to respiratory failure. Hospitalized patients, especially those in the intensive care unit, frequently experience complications. Fungal infections, including invasive aspergillosis, candidiasis, and mucormycosis, have posed significant morbidity and mortality risks. Risk factors include changes in immune defenses caused by COVID-19 and immunosuppression from various therapies in severely ill patients. Diagnosis is often challenging due to limited sensitivity of current tests. Overall outcomes are poor, with mortality rates exceeding 50% in some studies, primarily due to comorbidities and delayed diagnosis. Early diagnosis and appropriate antifungal therapy require a high index of clinical suspicion.
Review
Immunology
Yuliya Yasinskaya, Shukal Bala, Ursula Waack, Cheryl Dixon, Karen Higgins, Jason N. Moore, Caroline J. Jjingo, Elizabeth O'Shaughnessy, Philip Colangelo, Radu Botgros, Sumathi Nambiar, David Angulo, Aaron Dane, Tom Chiller, Michael R. Hodges, Taylor Sandison, William Hope, Thomas J. Walsh, Peter Pappas, Aspasia Katragkou, Laura Kovanda, John H. Rex, Kieren A. Marr, Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner, Shohko Sekine, Monika Deshpande, Sunita J. Shukla, John Farley
Summary: In order to address challenges in developing new antifungal therapies for invasive fungal infections (IFIs), the US Food and Drug Administration organized a workshop to discuss drug resistance, emerging pathogens, and strategies for more efficient product development. The development of new antifungal drugs is hindered by limited diagnostics, difficulties in clinical trial design and patient recruitment, and the heterogeneity of IFIs. The workshop brought together experts from academia, industry, and government agencies to discuss the IFI landscape and potential collaborations to facilitate antifungal drug development.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Maria Guadalupe Frias-De-Leon, Rodolfo Pinto-Almazan, Rigoberto Hernandez-Castro, Eduardo Garcia-Salazar, Patricia Meza-Meneses, Carmen Rodriguez-Cerdeira, Roberto Arenas, Esther Conde-Cuevas, Gustavo Acosta-Altamirano, Erick Martinez-Herrera
Summary: Co-infections of COVID-19 with various fungal diseases mainly occur in males over the age of 40 with immunosuppression as the primary risk factor. Challenges exist in diagnosis and treatment, and there is a need to increase awareness of fungal infections.
Review
Immunology
Vivek P. Chavda, Toshika Mishra, Sathvika Kamaraj, Swati Punetha, Oishani Sengupta, Yash Joshi, Suneetha Vuppu, Dixa Vaghela, Lalitkumar Vora
Summary: COVID-19 patients, especially the elderly and immunocompromised individuals, are prone to opportunistic fungal infections, which worsen the disease severity and increase the chances of readmission. It is crucial to assess the risk of opportunistic fungal infections in patients and take preventive and diagnostic measures.
Review
Microbiology
Angel Leon-Buitimea, Javier A. Garza-Cervantes, Diana Y. Gallegos-Alvarado, Macario Osorio-Concepcion, Jose Ruben Morones-Ramirez
Summary: Invasive infections caused by filamentous fungi, such as Aspergillus and Mucorales, pose a serious threat to public health, particularly for immunosuppressed individuals and patients with conditions like HIV/AIDS. Nanoformulations have been developed to improve efficacy and lessen adverse effects of conventional antifungal treatments, but therapeutic options for coccidioidomycosis and mucormycosis remain limited. Further research is needed to develop new therapeutic alternatives in this field.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cornelia Lass-Floerl, Stephan Steixner
Summary: Invasive fungal diseases are common and concerning complications in critically ill patients and those with imbalanced immune systems. The incidence of fungal co-, and/or super-infections is increasing, with different dominant pathogens observed in different regions. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant rise in the occurrence of invasive fungal diseases among hospitalized patients.
MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Mycology
Asmita Ghosh, Anusua Sarkar, Pubali Paul, Parth Patel
Summary: The global COVID19 outbreak has led to a shortage of medical facilities and brought about challenges induced by novel therapeutic procedures. The emergence of new variants, particularly in the Indian subcontinent, has worsened the situation. Proper clinical management and scientific research are crucial to combating the continuous waves of emerging strains.
FUNGAL BIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Sebastian Wurster, Stephanie S. Watowich, Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis
Summary: Opportunistic fungal infections have high mortality in patients with severe immune dysfunction. Evidence suggests that immune checkpoint pathways play a role in the immunopathology of fungal sepsis, opportunistic mold infections, and dimorphic fungal infections. The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors as antifungal immunotherapy shows potential but also has limitations that require further research.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Charles Oliver Morton, James S. Griffiths, Juergen Loeffler, Selinda Orr, P. Lewis White
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on global healthcare, with increased morbidity and mortality, particularly among at-risk populations. The disease attacks the respiratory system and causes immune dysregulation, creating opportunities for invasive fungal diseases (IFD). The use of corticosteroids and immune modulators, as well as immune dysfunction, increase the risk of IFD. Understanding this susceptibility is important for managing future pandemics and increased clinical immuno-suppression.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Maria N. Gamaletsou, Blandine Rammaert, Barry Brause, Marimelle A. Bueno, Sanjeet S. Dadwal, Michael W. Henry, Aspasia Katragkou, Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis, Matthew W. McCarthy, Andy O. Miller, Brad Moriyama, Zoi Dorothea Pana, Ruta Petraitiene, Vidmantas Petraitis, Emmanuel Roilides, Jean-Pierre Sarkis, Maria Simitsopoulou, Nikolaos V. Sipsas, Saad J. Taj-Aldeen, Valerie Zeller, Olivier Lortholary, Thomas J. Walsh, Int Consortium Osteoarticular Mycoses
Summary: Osteoarticular mycoses are chronic debilitating infections that require extended courses of antifungal therapy and may warrant expert surgical intervention. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the etiologies, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, treatments, and outcomes of these infections. Candida osteomyelitis and Candida arthritis are associated with greater events of hematogenous dissemination than other osteoarticular mycoses, while traumatic inoculation is more commonly linked with Aspergillus and non-Aspergillus molds.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Dermatology
Yijian Chen, Xiaojun Huang, Haibo Qiu, Linling Cheng, Yunsong Yu, Xiaochun Ma, Sizhou Feng, Qi Li, Depei Wu, Wenxiang Huang, Dechang Chen, Xiaoju Lv, Jianda Hu, Jingbo Wang, Jiabin Li, Wenjie Yang, Qingyuan Zhan, Bing Sun, Minggui Wang
Summary: This study evaluates physicians' perspectives on the diagnosis and management of invasive fungal disease in China through a questionnaire. Although most physicians' perspectives align with guideline recommendations, there are still knowledge gaps that need to be addressed. Training programs are needed to improve physicians' knowledge of treating patients with invasive fungal diseases in China.
Review
Microbiology
Frederic Lamoth, Russell E. Lewis, Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis
Summary: Invasive fungal infections are associated with high mortality rates, and emerging antifungal resistance poses challenges to treatment. Antifungal susceptibility testing may assist clinical decisions, but its interpretation and contribution remain controversial. Improved understanding and standardization of testing methods are needed to optimize management of IFIs caused by Candida and Aspergillus spp.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Raj Singh, Parth Malik, Mukesh Kumar, Raman Kumar, Md. Shamshir Alam, Tapan Kumar Mukherjee
Summary: COVID-19 is associated with various fungal infections, which can have severe consequences for high-risk patients. It is crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of this topic.
PHARMACOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Eirini A. Apostolidi, Maria N. Gamaletsou, Maria Arapaki, John V. Asimakopoulos, Panagiotis Diamantopoulos, Sofia Zafeiratou, Diamantis Kofteridis, Maria Pagoni, Maria Kotsopoulou, Michael Voulgarelis, Nikolaos V. Sipsas
Summary: Iron overload may not be an independent risk factor for invasive fungal infections among patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome in transformation.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Satyam Singh, Sourya Acharya, Samarth Shukla, Komal Muneshwar
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has increased hospitalizations for pneumonia and raised the risk of fungal infections. This review discusses the role of fungal concurrent infections in worsening the severity of COVID-19 disease and highlights emerging trends in fungal infections among COVID-19 patients.
JOURNAL OF THE SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Thomas Weikert, Ivan Nesic, Joshy Cyriac, Jens Bremerich, Alexander W. Sauter, Gregor Sommer, Bram Stieltjes
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Thomas Weikert, David J. Winkel, Jens Bremerich, Bram Stieltjes, Victor Parmar, Alexander W. Sauter, Gregor Sommer
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Constantin Anastasopoulos, Thomas Weikert, Shan Yang, Ahmed Abdulkadir, Lena Schmuelling, Claudia Buehler, Fabiano Paciolla, Raphael Sexauer, Joshy Cyriac, Ivan Nesic, Raphael Twerenbold, Jens Bremerich, Bram Stieltjes, Alexander W. Sauter, Gregor Sommer
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Eduardo J. Mortani Barbosa, Bogdan Georgescu, Shikha Chaganti, Gorka Bastarrika Aleman, Jordi Broncano Cabrero, Guillaume Chabin, Thomas Flohr, Philippe Grenier, Sasa Grbic, Nakul Gupta, Francois Mellot, Savvas Nicolaou, Thomas Re, Pina Sanelli, Alexander W. Sauter, Youngjin Yoo, Valentin Ziebandt, Dorin Comaniciu
Summary: The study investigates machine learning and deep learning classifiers to accurately differentiate COVID-19 from other types of pneumonia, ILD, and normal CTs using interpretable features and quantitative imaging features.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Salah D. Qanadli, Alexander W. Sauter, Hatem Alkadhi, Andreas Christe, Pierre-Alexandre Poletti, Lukas Ebner, David C. Rotzinger
Summary: The Swiss national registry CAVA is a multicentric cohort study aimed at evaluating vascular and non-vascular-related CT findings in COVID-19 patients and their correlation with clinical outcomes. The main objective is to assess the prevalence of cardiovascular abnormalities, while secondary objectives include studying the predictive value of cardiovascular abnormalities in terms of disease severity and fatal outcomes.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lorraine Abel, Jakob Wasserthal, Thomas Weikert, Alexander W. Sauter, Ivan Nesic, Marko Obradovic, Shan Yang, Sebastian Manneck, Carl Glessgen, Johanna M. Ospel, Bram Stieltjes, Daniel T. Boll, Bjoern Friebe
Summary: An algorithm based on a two-step nnU-Net architecture was developed for automated detection of pancreatic cystic lesions on CT scans, showing comparable performance to human readers. The algorithm had high sensitivity for large lesions and those located in the distal pancreas.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Andrej Romanov, Michael Bach, Shan Yang, Fabian C. Franzeck, Gregor Sommer, Constantin Anastasopoulos, Jens Bremerich, Bram Stieltjes, Thomas Weikert, Alexander Walter Sauter
Summary: The study demonstrated that imaging biomarkers derived from deep learning segmentation-based histogram and HU threshold analysis can effectively differentiate healthy lungs from lungs with viral pneumonia. The absolute high attenuation area [600-0 HU] showed the strongest correlation with disease severity.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Lena Schmuelling, Fabian C. Franzeck, Christian H. Nickel, Gregory Mansella, Roland Bingisser, Noemi Schmidt, Bram Stieltjes, Jens Bremerich, Alexander W. Sauter, Thomas Weikert, Gregor Sommer
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the role of deep learning algorithm in detecting PE in CTPAs and improving communication efficiency with the emergency department through an ENS. The research found that while the algorithm performed well, the introduction of these tools alone was not sufficient to significantly impact clinical performance measures.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Maurice Pradella, Thomas Weikert, Jonathan Sperl, Rainer Kaergel, Joshy Cyriac, Rita Achermann, Alexander W. Sauter, Jens Bremerich, Bram Stieltjes, Philipp Brantner, Gregor Sommer
Summary: The research found that in a clinical setting, the DL algorithm provided coherent results to radiologists at almost 90% of measurement locations, with the majority of discrepent cases located at the aortic root. In total, the DL algorithm assisted radiologists in performing AHA-compliant measurements by saving 50% of time per case.
QUANTITATIVE IMAGING IN MEDICINE AND SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Adrian Jonathan Wilder-Smith, Shan Yang, Thomas Weikert, Jens Bremerich, Philip Haaf, Martin Segeroth, Lars C. Ebert, Alexander Sauter, Raphael Sexauer
Summary: This study developed an automatic PEF detection, segmentation, and classification tool that can reliably detect and diagnose PEF on CT scans with high sensitivity and specificity. The tool has the potential to improve the efficiency and quality of CT diagnosis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Franck Nevesny, David C. Rotzinger, Alexander W. Sauter, Laura Loebelenz, Lena Schmuelling, Hatem Alkadhi, Lukas Ebner, Andreas Christe, Alexandra Platon, Pierre-Alexandre Poletti, Salah D. Qanadli
Summary: Vascular abnormalities, including venous congestion and pulmonary embolism, are common in COVID-19 patients. Pulmonary embolism is primarily associated with venous congestion and not affected by alveolar opacities in the absence of venous congestion.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Muhannad Seyam, Thomas Weikert, Alexander Sauter, Alex Brehm, Marios-Nikos Psychogios, Kristine A. Blackham
Summary: Authors implemented an AI-based detection tool for intracranial hemorrhage and evaluated its diagnostic performance and impact on clinical workflow. While the overall diagnostic accuracy was 93.0%, lower detection rates were observed for specific types of ICH. Workflow metrics showed a reduction in average time for communicating critical findings post-implementation, but further improvements are needed to streamline the entire workflow chain.
RADIOLOGY-ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Constantin Anastasopoulos, Shan Yang, Maurice Pradella, Tugba Akinci D'Antonoli, Sven Knecht, Joshy Cyriac, Marco Reisert, Elias Kellner, Rita Achermann, Philip Haaf, Bram Stieltjes, Alexander W. Sauter, Jens Bremerich, Gregor Sommer, Ahmed Abdulkadir
Summary: The study achieved a substantial reduction in time required to read a cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) study for estimating left atrial volume by combining automated LA volumetry with human interaction in image analysis. The assistance of Atri-U led to a significant reduction in reading time in a clinical setting and provided measurement results close to those of experts.
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Thomas Weikert, Saikiran Rapaka, Sasa Grbic, Thomas Re, Shikha Chaganti, David J. Winkel, Constantin Anastasopoulos, Tilo Niemann, Benedikt J. Wiggli, Jens Bremerich, Raphael Twerenbold, Gregor Sommer, Dorin Comaniciu, Alexander W. Sauter
Summary: Automated image analysis of chest CTs from COVID-19 patients allows for the extraction of pulmonary and cardiovascular metrics, which can aid in predicting patient management. Combining demographic parameters, CT metrics, and laboratory findings showed excellent performance in predicting the need for intensive care. Application of the model on a different hospital dataset demonstrated its external validity.
KOREAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Thomas Weikert, Luca Andre Noordtzij, Jens Bremerich, Bram Stieltjes, Victor Parmar, Joshy Cyriac, Gregor Sommer, Alexander Walter Sauter
KOREAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY
(2020)