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An Evaluation of the Relationship among Urine, Air, and Hand Measures of Exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) in US Manufacturing Workers

ANNALS OF WORK EXPOSURES AND HEALTH (2018)

期刊

ANNALS OF WORK EXPOSURES AND HEALTH

卷 62, 期 7, 页码 840-851

出版社

OXFORD UNIV PRESS

DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxy042

关键词

air sampling; biological monitoring; bisphenol A; dermal exposure assessment; exposure assessment; exposure assessment - mixed models; manufacturing; urine

类别

Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

资金

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [AES12009]

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摘要

Background: Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) can be assessed using external and internal exposure measures. We examined the relationship between two measures of external BPA exposure (air and hand-wipe samples) and one of internal exposure (total BPA in urine) for a group of US manufacturing workers. Methods: During 2013-2014, we recruited 78 workers from six US companies that made BPA or made products with BPA. We quantified BPA in seven urine samples, two full-shift air samples and in pre- and end-shift hand-wipe samples collected from workers over 2 consecutive days. We examined correlations between creatinine-corrected urinary concentrations of total BPA (total BPA(CR)) and BPA levels in air and hand wipes using Pearson's correlation coefficient. We also applied mixed-effects regression models to examine the relationship between total BPA(CR) with BPA in air (urine similar to air model) and with BPA in end-shift hand wipes (urine-hand model), separately and together (urine similar to air+hand model), after adjusting for covariates. Results: End-shift total BPA(CR) strongly correlated with BPA in air (r(p) = 0.79, P < 0.0001) and nearly as strongly with BPA in end-shift hand wipes (r(p) = 0.75, P < 0.0001). In mixed-effect models, BPA air concentration and end-shift hand-wipe BPA level were significantly and positively associated with end-shift total BPA(CR) (P < 0.0001 each). We found a significant effect of the Day 1 BPA air concentration on Day 2 total BPA(CR) (P= 0.0104). When BPA air concentration and end-shift hand-wipe BPA level were in the same model, the air concentration (P < 0.0001) was more significant than the hand-wipe level (P = 0.0106). Conclusion: BPA levels in air and end-shift hand wipes strongly correlated with total BPA(CR) suggesting that both inhalation and dermal contract were likely exposure routes; however, inhalation, on average, appeared to be a more dominant exposure route than dermal contact for these manufacturing workers.

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Evaluating predictive relationships between wristbands and urine for assessment of personal PAH exposure

Holly M. Dixon, Lisa M. Bramer, Richard P. Scott, Lehyla Calero, Darrell Holmes, Elizabeth A. Gibson, Haleigh M. Cavalier, Diana Rohlman, Rachel L. Miller, Antonia M. Calafat, Laurel Kincl, Katrina M. Waters, Julie B. Herbstman, Kim A. Anderson

Summary: This study examines the relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in silicone wristbands and hydroxy-PAH (OH-PAH) concentrations in urine using descriptive statistics and supervised statistical learning. The results demonstrate that wristbands and urine provide similar PAH exposure assessment information, which is critical for environmental health researchers.

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