Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Anastasia Vrettou, Hiroto Kitaguchi, Biao Cai, Thomas Connolley, David M. Collins
Summary: This study investigates the effect of Strain Path Changes (SPCs) on the mechanical properties and crystal-level features of deformation in a single phase, ferritic steel. The results show that abrupt strain paths significantly reduce ductility, and the pre-strain direction has a major influence on the macroscopic response and texture configuration. Increasing pre-strain magnitudes result in a stagnation of lattice strain hardening rates and a significant increase in Geometrically Necessary Dislocation (GND) densities. There is no correlation found between GND density and grain orientation, indicating that the initial texture and texture developed in pre-strain play a decisive role in determining ductility.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
X. X. Zhang, P. -p. Bauer, A. Lutz, C. Wielenberg, F. Palm, W. M. Gan, E. Maawad
Summary: Understanding and controlling the performance of additively manufactured aluminum alloys with scandium and zirconium elements requires knowledge of their microplasticity and macroplasticity behavior, which has received little attention. This study uses in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and full-field crystal plasticity modeling to quantitatively assess the transitions from elasticity to microplasticity and then to macroplasticity, and analyze the development of the initial microstructure. The findings provide deeper insights into controlling the performance of these alloys and pave the way for predicting the behavior of various metallic materials.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Hao Yang, Huamiao Wang, Zhaolong Yang, Yalin Huang, Dayong Li, Yinghong Peng, Peidong Wu
Summary: The microstructure evolution of Q&P1180 steel during uniaxial tension was comprehensively investigated, with tiny blocky retained austenite (RA) islands distributed in the matrix transforming into martensite during deformation. Experimental and model discussions focused on the effects of phase transformation on the stress-strain response and texture evolution of Q&P1180.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xiangguang Kong, Ying Yang, Zhen Sun, Hong Yang, Yinong Liu, Yang Ren, Lishan Cui, Changfeng Chen, Shijie Hao
Summary: This study used in-situ high-energy X-ray diffraction technique to investigate the collective evolution of martensite variant structures, development of crystallographic textures, and load partitioning among variants during tensile deformation in a commercial polycrystalline NiTi wire. The research found that the texture evolutions and variant selections are driven by the difference in d-spacing values between the pairing variants in each twin structure to achieve maximum elongation deformation in the tensile loading direction. The lattice strains of the favored variants increased whereas those of the unfavored variants decreased abruptly at the occurrence of the LAlders deformation event.
APPLIED MATERIALS TODAY
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
J. J. Bhattacharyya, T. T. Sasaki, T. Nakata, S. R. Agnew
Summary: This study explains why rolled sheet material is softer and less responsive to aging compared to extruded material. By using crystal-plasticity modeling, it is shown that the initial texture of the rolled material allows for the accommodation of soft modes, such as basal slip and twinning, during in-plane tension. These modes are less affected by the finely dispersed Guinier-Preston (GP) zones, even with the same number density. In contrast, the extruded material is stronger in tension along the extrusion axis due to a higher relative activity of prismatic slip, which is strongly affected by the GP zones. This study emphasizes the significant role of initial texture in determining the strength and anisotropy of non-cubic metals and alloys.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Asma A. Medjahed, Tao Zhou, Juan Camilo Alvarez Quiceno, Pia Dally, Pascal Pochet, Tobias U. Schulli, David Djurado, Peter Reiss, Stephanie Pouget
Summary: This study investigates the mechanisms of strain and texture observed in MAPbI(3) thin films deposited on various oxide substrates. The results show that the strain of the perovskite layers is essentially relaxed behavior, contradicting the commonly accepted hypothesis. The texture in the perovskite layers is studied using synchrotron full-field diffraction X-ray microscopy, and the stability of different orientations is analyzed by DFT calculations.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
David W. Gardner, Jiaqi Li, Martin Kunz, Wei-Chih Liao, Chenhui Zhu, Carlo Carraro, Paulo J. M. Monteiro, Roya Maboudian
Summary: This article investigates the intergrain and intragrain interactions of calciumsilicate-hydrates (C-S-H), nanocrystalline forms of tobermorites, which control the long-term stress response of concrete. Through experiments, it is found that layer stacking disorder significantly increases in 11 angstrom tobermorite powder. Similar results are observed in nanocrystalline C-S-H powders, where layer stacking disorder (in the form of intragrain deformation) increases with low water content and large basal spacing.
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Paul S. Kindstedt, Patrick J. Polowsky
Summary: Scientific interest in cheese crystals has grown significantly since the 1970s, as advancements in technology and analytics have allowed for the identification and understanding of various crystalline species in natural cheeses. While the presence of crystals in cheese can greatly impact texture, consumer response to their occurrence in the marketplace is mixed. Traditional artisanal cheesemakers have the potential to leverage the science behind cheese crystals to create engaging narratives that add value to their products and enhance consumer enjoyment.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tongchao Liu, Jiajie Liu, Luxi Li, Lei Yu, Jiecheng Diao, Tao Zhou, Shunning Li, Alvin Dai, Wenguang Zhao, Shenyang Xu, Yang Ren, Liguang Wang, Tianpin Wu, Rui Qi, Yinguo Xiao, Jiaxin Zheng, Wonsuk Cha, Ross Harder, Ian Robinson, Jianguo Wen, Jun Lu, Feng Pan, Khalil Amine
Summary: Utilizing Li- and Mn-rich (LMR) cathode materials can increase battery energy density. However, voltage decay issues impede commercialization. In this study, it is revealed that nanostrain and lattice displacement accumulate continuously during operation, leading to structure degradation and oxygen loss, which cause rapid voltage decay. The heterogeneous nature of LMR cathodes results in pernicious phase displacement/strain. Mesostructural design is proposed as a strategy to mitigate lattice displacement and achieve stable voltage and capacity profiles.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tilak Raj Gupta, Sarabjeet Singh Sidhu, Jitendra Kumar Katiyar, H. S. Payal
Summary: The study investigated the effect of orientation and bending on CR4 steel, specifically focusing on lattice constant, crystallite size, and lattice strain. Results show variations in lattice constant and strain under different orientations, while the crystallite size changes with experimental conditions. The application of bending force enhances lattice strain and reduces crystallite size.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL SOLID-STATE MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Nicholas C. Ferreri, Zhangxi Feng, Daniel J. Savage, Donald W. Brown, Bjorn Clausen, Thomas A. Sisneros, Marko Knezevic
Summary: In this study, the deformation behavior of beryllium during compressive loading and cross-reloading is investigated using experimental measurements and crystal plasticity modeling. The comparison between experimental data and model predictions reveals that the shifts in active deformation mechanisms are primarily responsible for drastic changes in the flow stress.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Huajie Luo, He Qi, Shengdong Sun, Lu Wang, Yang Ren, Hui Liu, Shiqing Deng, Jun Chen
Summary: Achieving high piezoelectric performance in the (1-x)(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-x(0.9BaTiO(3)-0.1BiAlO(3)) ternary system through crystal structure design, with the incorporation of BiAlO3 suppressing structural distortion and enabling extensive and reversible phase transformation under electric field. In-situ electric field synchrotron X-ray diffraction reveals that the crystal lattice of the R3c phase responds more flexibly to the electric field than that of the P4bm phase. Enhanced piezoelectric response is attributed to activated domain switching and lattice strain enhancement from subtle phase structure.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Minghe Zhang, Lihui Sun, Yaliang Liu, Yunli Feng, Ning Xu, Haiyang Chen, Yan-Dong Wang
Summary: A novel Cu-added medium-Mn steel was designed and subjected to intercritical annealing, which resulted in increased yield strength and decreased elongation. The addition of Cu led to the precipitation of Cu-rich nanoparticles, which contributed to the discrepancy in yield strength between ferrite and austenite.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yi Xiong, Phani S. Karamched, Chi-Toan Nguyen, David M. Collins, Nicolo Grilli, Christopher M. Magazzeni, Edmund Tarleton, Angus J. Wilkinson
Summary: In this study, the time dependent plastic behavior of commercially pure titanium samples with different oxygen content at various temperatures was characterized using synchrotron X-ray diffraction. It was found that 75 degrees C was the worst-case scenario in terms of plastic strain accumulation during relaxation cycles due to the high activity of both prism and basal slip systems. Oxygen was observed to have a stronger strengthening effect on prism slip compared to basal slip, especially in high oxygen content commercially pure Ti.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Olivier Thomas, Stephane Labat, Thomas Cornelius, Marie-Ingrid Richard
Summary: X-ray imaging of strains has made impressive progress recently, with improved resolution and optical elements. Development of new detectors has revolutionized measurement strategies. The introduction of a new accelerator ring concept has significantly increased brightness and coherent flux. In the next decade, fast three-dimensional imaging methods will emerge to track the evolution of strains in materials.
Article
Physics, Applied
G. Naresh-Kumar, P. R. Edwards, T. Batten, M. Nouf-Allehiani, A. Vilalta-Clemente, A. J. Wilkinson, E. Le Boulbar, P. A. Shields, B. Starosta, B. Hourahine, R. W. Martin, C. Trager-Cowan
Summary: We demonstrate a non-destructive approach to understanding the growth modes of a GaN thin film and quantify its residual strains and their effect on optical and electrical properties. We find strain variations near dislocations, and the dislocations organize themselves into a distinctive pattern.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Anastasia Vrettou, Hiroto Kitaguchi, Biao Cai, Thomas Connolley, David M. Collins
Summary: This study investigates the effect of Strain Path Changes (SPCs) on the mechanical properties and crystal-level features of deformation in a single phase, ferritic steel. The results show that abrupt strain paths significantly reduce ductility, and the pre-strain direction has a major influence on the macroscopic response and texture configuration. Increasing pre-strain magnitudes result in a stagnation of lattice strain hardening rates and a significant increase in Geometrically Necessary Dislocation (GND) densities. There is no correlation found between GND density and grain orientation, indicating that the initial texture and texture developed in pre-strain play a decisive role in determining ductility.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Abdalrhaman Koko, Elsiddig Elmukashfi, Thorsten H. Becker, Phani S. Karamched, Angus J. Wilkinson, James Marrow
Summary: This study used high angular resolution electron backscatter diffraction to quantify the local elastic field in intragranular slip bands of age-hardened duplex stainless steel, revealing the changes in elastic fields around the tip of slip bands under different loading conditions.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Christopher Massimo Magazzeni, Rory Rose, Chris Gearhart, Jicheng Gong, Angus J. Wilkinson
Summary: This article presents a statistical framework for optimal sampling and analysis of constant life fatigue data. Protocols are built based on Bayesian maximum entropy sampling, reducing the need for prior knowledge in data collection. Experimental validation demonstrates the applicability of these methods in laboratory testing and shows improvements in parameter estimation efficiency and accuracy.
FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Eralp Demir, Edward William Horton, Anna Kareer, David M. Collins, Mahmoud Mostafavi, David Knowles
Summary: Strain gradients are used to link microscale deformation phenomena to the mechanical response of polycrystalline materials. A unique method to compute orientation gradients has been developed, which showcases its effectiveness on an electron backscatter diffraction dataset. The proposed approach successfully eliminates sharp orientation gradients at grain boundaries.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Junliang Liu, Robert J. Scales, Bo-Shiuan Li, Michael Goode, Bradley A. Young, Jianan Hu, Angus J. Wilkinson, David E. J. Armstrong
Summary: In this study, the microstructure and mechanical properties of two refractory high entropy alloys (RHEAs) were investigated. The alloys showed similar single-phase BCC structures in different conditions, and secondary phases with different sizes and volume fractions were formed after homogenisation heat treatment. The major secondary phase was identified as a complex C15 Laves structure. The hardness of the alloys was improved after homogenisation heat treatment, and the correlations between hardness changes and microstructural evolutions were discussed.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Sophia O. von Tiedemann, David M. Collins, Mark R. Gilbert, Ivan A. Kodeli
Summary: Predictions of material activity in commercial fusion conditions mostly rely on computational methods due to lack of data on long-term effects of high-energy neutron irradiation on structural steels. This study focused on modelling neutron activation of four structural steels in a fusion reactor environment after 20 years of operation. Eurofer and F82H steels exhibited higher resistance to neutron activation than G91 and SS316L(N)-IG. The vacuum vessel (SS316L(N)-IG) would not be classified as low-level waste for several centuries.
FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Abdalrhaman Koko, Thorsten H. Becker, Elsiddig Elmukashfi, Nicola M. Pugno, Angus J. Wilkinson, James Marrow
Summary: Understanding the local fracture resistance of microstructural features is crucial for the microstructure-informed design of materials. This study presents a novel approach to evaluate stress intensity factors directly from experimental measurements, using high-resolution electron backscatter diffraction. An exemplar study is conducted on a quasi-static crack propagating on low index {hkl} planes in a (001) single crystal silicon wafer.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Edward William Horton, Eralp Demir, Dylan Agius, Anna Kareer, David M. Collins, Mahmoud Mostafavi, David Knowles
Summary: Validating crystal plasticity models requires careful consideration of all aspects, especially the initial conditions and the inclusion of residual stresses. In this study, high resolution electron backscatter diffraction (HR-EBSD) was used to measure and process type-III residual elastic stresses in 316L stainless steel. The modelled stress distributions were compared with experimental measurements, and although some similarities were observed, further physical effects must be accounted for in crystal plasticity models.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Microscopy
Abdalrhaman Koko, Vivian Tong, Angus J. Wilkinson, T. James Marrow
Summary: In high-resolution electron backscatter diffraction (HR-EBSD), the choice of a reference diffraction pattern (EBSP0) has a significant impact on the precision of strain and rotation mapping. This effect was observed in plastically deformed body-centered cubic and face-centered cubic ductile metals, as well as in brittle single-crystal silicon, indicating that it is not limited to measurement magnitude but also extends to spatial distribution. An empirical relationship between the cross-correlation parameter and angular error was established and utilized in an iterative algorithm to identify the optimal reference pattern for maximizing HR-EBSD precision.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Diana Avadanii, Anna Kareer, Lars Hansen, Angus Wilkinson
Summary: Instrumented spherical nanoindentation is increasingly popular in microphysical investigations. This study tests and integrates strategies for tip and machine-stiffness calibration for spherical tips. A routine for independently calibrating effective tip radius and machine stiffness is proposed, and its validity is confirmed through benchmarks and application to different materials. The impact of machine stiffness on yield stress identification methods is also evaluated.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
James A. D. Ball, Jette Oddershede, Claire Davis, Carl Slater, Mohammed Said, Himanshu Vashishtha, Stefan Michalik, David M. Collins
Summary: The ability to characterize the three-dimensional microstructure of multiphase materials is crucial for understanding their properties. Laboratory-based diffraction-contrast tomography (lab-based DCT) was used to map part of a dual-phase steel alloy sample, and a novel registration technique was developed to compare the results with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data. Lab-based DCT accurately determined the position, orientation, and size of large grains for each phase, but had limitations in reproducing complex grain boundary shapes and small grains.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Y. Chen, Y. T. Tang, D. M. Collins, S. J. Clark, W. Ludwig, R. Rodriguez-Lamas, C. Detlefs, R. C. Reed, P. D. Lee, P. J. Withers, C. Yildirim
Summary: The industrialization of Laser Additive Manufacturing (LAM) faces challenges such as undesirable microstructures and high residual stresses. Non-destructive assessment of mechanical performance is crucial, and Dark Field X-ray Microscopy (DFXM) is used to map the 3D subsurface intragranular orientation and strain variations of a surface-breaking grain in a nickel superalloy. DFXM results show a highly heterogeneous microstructure with alternating strain states and small orientation differences. Comparison with Electron Backscatter Diffraction measurements is also discussed.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Diana Avadanii, Lars Hansen, Katharina Marquardt, David Wallis, Markus Ohl, Angus Wilkinson
Summary: The distribution of grain-boundary types in olivine-rich rocks might affect the mechanical behavior during deformation.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
M. P. Taylor, D. Calderwood, T. D. Reynolds, N. Warnken, P. M. Mignanelli, M. C. Hardy, D. M. Collins
Summary: Controlling the heating rate of the first thermal exposure to 5°C min(-1) has been shown to improve the oxidation kinetics of a polycrystalline Ni-based superalloy used in turbine disc applications. The improved performance is attributed to the formation of a protective layer of NiCr2O4, instead of the commonly formed doped Cr2O3. The presence of NiCr2O4 reduces the thermodynamic stability of Al2O3 formation compared to doped Cr2O3.
HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION OF MATERIALS
(2023)
