期刊
NATURE REVIEWS DISEASE PRIMERS
卷 4, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2018.8
关键词
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资金
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain [PI 12/00912, JR15/00012, PI16/00187]
- Plan Nacional de I+D+I
- ISCIII-Subdireccion General de Evaluacion and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)
- Centro para la Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Secretaria d'Universitats i Recerca del Departament d'Economia i Coneixement [2014_SGR 398]
- Seventh European Framework Programme (ENBREC)
- Stanley Medical Research Institute
- Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Senior Principal Research Fellowship [GNT1059660]
- US NIH
- Australian Cooperative Research Centre
- Simons Autism Foundation
- Cancer Council of Victoria
- Stanley Medical Research Foundation
- Medical Benefits Foundation
- Beyond Blue
- Rotary Health
- Geelong Medical Research Foundation
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [SCHU 1603/5-1, SCHU 1603/7-1]
- German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [01ZX1314K, 01EE1404H]
- Dr Lisa Oehler Foundation (Germany)
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq
- Brazil)
- Palo Alto Health Sciences Services
- US Department of Defense
- US Health Resources Services Administration
- US National Institute of Mental Health
- Brain and Behaviour Research Foundation
- Cleveland Foundation
- Lundbeck Foundation Fellowship [R21520154121]
- ISCIII-Subdireccion General de Evaluacion
- FEDER
Bipolar disorders are chronic and recurrent disorders that affect >1% of the global population. Bipolar disorders are leading causes of disability in young people as they can lead to cognitive and functional impairment and increased mortality, particularly from suicide and cardiovascular disease. Psychiatric and nonpsychiatric medical comorbidities are common in patients and might also contribute to increased mortality. Bipolar disorders are some of the most heritable psychiatric disorders, although a model with gene-environment interactions is believed to best explain the aetiology. Early and accurate diagnosis is difficult in clinical practice as the onset of bipolar disorder is commonly characterized by nonspecific symptoms, mood lability or a depressive episode, which can be similar in presentation to unipolar depression. Moreover, patients and their families do not always understand the significance of their symptoms, especially with hypomanic or manic symptoms. As specific biomarkers for bipolar disorders are not yet available, careful clinical assessment remains the cornerstone of diagnosis. The detection of hypomanic symptoms and longtudinal clinical assessment are crucial to differentiate a bipolar disorder from other conditions. Optimal early treatment of patients with evidence-based medication (typically mood stabilizers and antipsychotics) and psychosocial strategies is necessary.
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