Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alon Bar, Omer Karin, Avi Mayo, Danny Ben-Zvi, Uri Alon
Summary: Interventions to reduce fat can have opposing or coherent effects, and some may result in overshoot in food intake. The operating point model explains these effects by the intersection of two experimental curves - steady-state fat at a given food intake and ad libitum food intake at a given fat level. This model provides insights into fat regulation disorders and the quadratic relation between leptin and fat in humans.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Shing-Hwa Liu, Yu-Xuan Chen, Huei-Ping Tzeng, Meng-Tsan Chiang
Summary: Low-carbohydrate and high-fat diets can cause lipid metabolism disturbance and fat accumulation, but fish oil supplementation can improve these adverse effects.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rapheeporn Khwanchuea, Chuchard Punsawad
Summary: This study found a negative correlation between leptin and 25(OH)D levels at 30% and 40% body fat percentage. There were differences in various body composition factors between boys and girls.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Marta Porniece Kumar, Anna Lena Cremer, Paul Klemm, Lukas Steuernagel, Sivaraj Sundaram, Alexander Jais, A. Christine Hausen, Jenkang Tao, Anna Secher, Thomas Askov Pedersen, Markus Schwaninger, F. Thomas Wunderlich, Bradford B. Lowell, Heiko Backes, Jens C. Bruening
Summary: The insulin receptors in tanycytes play a critical role in regulating insulin access to the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, impacting AgRP neuronal activity in response to feeding and contributing to obesity-associated insulin resistance. These receptors are necessary for the orexigenic effects of ghrelin and affect systemic insulin sensitivity. Compared to IR increment Tan mice, normal mice show better AgRP neuronal adaptations and insulin signaling.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Marcus Tindall, Michael J. Chappell, James W. T. Yates
Summary: Mathematical modelling has played a significant role in optimizing the use of antimicrobial treatments. This article discusses the key processes that should be captured by such modelling, with a particular emphasis on quantifying the response of the host immune system and presenting a novel model structure.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2022)
Article
Biology
John-Olov Jansson, Frederik Anesten, Daniel Hagg, Jovana Zlatkovic, Suzanne L. Dickson, Per-Anders Jansson, Erik Schele, Jakob Bellman, Claes Ohlsson
Summary: Body weight is tightly regulated outside the normal range. Previous studies show that leptin is the main regulator of body weight at the lower end. Land-living animals use gravity as a homeostatic mechanism to regulate their body weight, involving increased energy consumption and sensing of body weight by osteocytes. The gravity-dependent homeostatic regulation is mainly active in obese mice, while leptin-dependent actions occur at the lower end of the body weight spectrum.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shujing Liu, Shiyu Song, Shuan Wang, Tonghui Cai, Lian Qin, Xinzhuang Wang, Guangming Zhu, Haibo Wang, Wenqi Yang, Chunlu Fang, Yuan Wei, Fu Zhou, Yang Yu, Shaozhang Lin, Shuang Peng, Liangming Li
Summary: Long-term consumption of a high-fat diet disrupts energy balance and leads to weight gain. The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene is involved in high-fat diet-induced obesity. The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in regulating energy balance, and high-fat diet-induced hypothalamic leptin resistance contributes to obesity. The study reveals that FTO is associated with hypothalamic leptin resistance and provides new insight into its role in obesity.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wanda Pilch, Anna Piotrowska, Joanna Wyrostek, Olga Czerwinska-Ledwig, Ewa Ziemann, Jedrzej Antosiewicz, Mariusz Zasada, Malgorzata Kulesa-Mrowiecka, Malgorzata Zychowska
Summary: Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation, and cold therapy may influence the antioxidative status of an individual. This study analyzed the relationship between BMI and the response to cold exposure. The results showed that there are differences in the effects of cryostimulation on adipokine levels and the lipid profile, depending on the number of treatments.
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Silverio Rosa, Delfim F. M. Torres
Summary: In this study, a Caputo-type fractional-order mathematical model for metapopulation cholera transmission was analyzed for parameter estimation accuracy. A fractional optimal control (FOC) problem was formulated and solved, followed by a cost-effectiveness analysis to assess control measures. The conclusion was that a variable-order fractional model, termed as the FractInt system, was the most effective for disease control.
FRACTAL AND FRACTIONAL
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Maria Conte, Aurelia Santoro, Salvatore Collura, Morena Martucci, Giuseppe Battista, Alberto Bazzocchi, Cristina Morsiani, Federica Sevini, Miriam Capri, Daniela Monti, Claudio Franceschi, Stefano Salvioli
Summary: Perilipin 2 (PLIN2) is a protein involved in lipid storage and metabolism in non-adipose tissues and circulating PLIN2 (cPLIN2) has been associated with certain types of cancer. The levels of cPLIN2 do not change with age, but are higher in women than in men; they strongly correlate with BMI, fat and lean mass, and the proinflammatory adipokine leptin. This suggests that cPLIN2, possibly regulated by leptin, could be used as a proxy for body adiposity.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maggie C. Evans, Rebecca A. Lord, Greg M. Anderson
Summary: Leptin is a key hormone that regulates body weight and fertility, with its levels reflecting body adiposity. Leptin resistance, common in obesity, can prevent the hormone from exerting its anti-obesity effects and may impact fertility.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Nittaya Junka, Chaiwat Rattanamechaiskul
Summary: This study focused on controlling fungal growth in paddy during storage using mathematical modelling of a drying method. Experimental results showed that the drying rate increased with temperature, but high-temperature drying also decreased the antioxidant properties of rice.
BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Priya Sumithran
Summary: Both humans and animals regulate body weight and fat through compensatory adjustments in energy intake and expenditure, implying the importance of addressing physiological changes in obesity treatments. People with obesity who have lost weight through caloric restriction and maintain a lower body weight are likely to experience lower energy expenditure, increased hunger and desire to eat, and a greater propensity to store fat. Strategies that address these physiological changes are expected to improve the long-term success of obesity treatments.
GASTROENTEROLOGY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria E. Casado, Sandra Canelles, Eduardo Arilla-Ferreiro, Laura M. M. Frago, Vicente Barrios
Summary: Leptin can regulate lipid metabolism and reduce adipose tissue stores by inhibiting food intake and altering adipocyte sensitivity to insulin. This study investigated the effects of chronic central leptin administration on lipid metabolism and inflammatory- and insulin-signaling pathways in epididymal adipose tissue. Changes were observed in the expression of key enzymes involved in lipid metabolism, as well as insulin-signaling targets and inflammatory markers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Akiko Nakamoto, Natsuko Ohashi, Lucia Sugawara, Katsutaro Morino, Shogo Ida, Rachel J. Perry, Ikki Sakuma, Tsuyoshi Yanagimachi, Yukihiro Fujita, Satoshi Ugi, Shinji Kume, Gerald I. Shulman, Hiroshi Maegawa
Summary: O-GlcNAcylation in adipose tissue plays a crucial role in healthy fat expansion and regulation of lipogenesis and fatty acid efflux, affecting body weight gain and obesity.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yiming Hao, Zihui Yang, Jie Liu, Ziyuan Wang, John R. Speakman, Chaoqun Niu, Baoguo Sun, Jing Wang
Summary: This study investigates the potential role and mechanism of 5-heptadecylresorcinol (AR-C17) in mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction and lipid disturbance in adipocytes. The results suggest that AR-C17 treatment can alleviate adipocyte lipolysis, mitochondrial damage, and oxidative stress. Furthermore, AR-C17 promotes autophagy and enhances mitochondrial biogenesis, leading to improved adipocyte mitochondrial function. In a mouse model, AR-C17 administration ameliorates obesity and adipose tissue inflammation, with activation of Sirt3-mediated autophagy observed. These findings highlight the potential of AR-C17 as a dietary bioactive ingredient for obesity prevention and treatment.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
James C. Morehen, Christopher Rosimus, Bryce P. Cavanagh, Catherine Hambly, John R. Speakman, Kirsty J. Elliott-Sale, Marcus P. Hannon, James P. Morton
Summary: The study found that the daily energy requirements of female soccer players engaged in professional training and match play are comparable to those of male players. From a practical perspective, the data suggest that a focus on fueling for matches and training is important for optimizing player health and performance.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Roberto F. Nespolo, Francisco E. Fonturbel, Carlos Mejias, Rodrigo Contreras, Paulina Gutierrez, Esteban Oda, Pablo Sabat, Catherine Hambly, John R. Speakman, Francisco Bozinovic
Summary: This study on the marsupial Dromiciops gliroides shows that the use of torpor can be modulated depending on energy supply, thus optimizing energy budgeting. Animals facing chronic caloric restriction increased torpor frequency and reduced energy expenditure, resulting in weight recovery at the end of the season.
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ZOOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Anthropology
Lewis G. Halsey, Vincent Careau, Herman Pontzer, Philip N. Ainslie, Lene F. Andersen, Liam J. Anderson, Lenore Arab, Issad Baddou, Kweku Bedu-Addo, Ellen E. Blaak, Stephane Blanc, Alberto G. Bonomi, Carlijn V. C. Bouten, Pascal Bovet, Maciej S. Buchowski, Nancy F. Butte, Stefan G. J. A. Camps, Graeme L. Close, Jamie A. Cooper, Sai Krupa Das, Richard Cooper, Lara R. Dugas, Ulf Ekelund, Sonja Entringer, Terrence Forrester, Barry W. Fudge, Annelies H. Goris, Michael Gurven, Catherine Hambly, Asmaa El Hamdouchi, Marije B. Hoos, Sumei Hu, Noorjehan Joonas, Annemiek M. Joosen, Peter Katzmarzyk, Kitty P. Kempen, Misaka Kimura, William E. Kraus, Robert F. Kushner, Estelle Lambert, William R. Leonard, Nader Lessan, Corby K. Martin, Anine C. Medin, Erwin P. Meijer, James C. Morehen, James P. Morton, Marian L. Neuhouser, Theresa A. Nicklas, Robert M. Ojiambo, Kirsi H. Pietilainen, Yannis P. Pitsiladis, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Guy Plasqui, Ross L. Prentice, Roberto A. Rabinovich, Susan B. Racette, David A. Raichlen, Eric Ravussin, Rebecca M. Reynolds, Susan B. Roberts, Albertine J. Schuit, Anders M. Sjodin, Eric Stice, Samuel S. Urlacher, Giulio Valenti, Ludo M. Van Etten, Edgar A. Van Mil, George Wilson, Brian M. Wood, Jack Yanovski, Tsukasa Yoshida, Xueying Zhang, Alexia J. Murphy-Alford, Cornelia U. Loechl, Amy H. Luke, Jennifer Rood, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Dale A. Schoeller, Klaas R. Westerterp, William W. Wong, Yosuke Yamada, John R. Speakman
Summary: This study found that there is greater variation in energy expenditure among males compared to females, even when controlling for age, height, and body composition. The variation in total, activity, and basal energy expenditure decreases with aging, with males experiencing a more rapid decline than females. The larger male variation can be explained by differences in daily activity levels and the size of energy-demanding organs.
JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Zhijun Zhao, Rui Yang, Min Li, Menghuan Bao, Daliang Huo, Jing Cao, John R. Speakman
Summary: This study exposed mice to different ambient temperatures and found that as the temperature decreased, energy expenditure increased. However, this increase was offset by elevated food intake, resulting in stable body weight. Nevertheless, there were significant changes in body composition.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Elzbieta Krol, Frances Turner, Davina Derous, Sharon E. Mitchell, Samuel A. M. Martin, Alex Douglas, John R. Speakman
Summary: Peak lactation is limited by the capacity of lactating females to dissipate body heat, and manipulations that enhance heat dissipation, such as shaving, can increase peak milk production. Shaving-induced increases in milk production were paradoxically linked to reduced expression of some milk synthesis-related genes. Shaved mice were also more likely to wean their young faster and experience earlier involution of the mammary gland compared to unshaved mice.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Katherine A. Kentistou, Jian'an Luan, Laura B. L. Wittemans, Catherine Hambly, Lucija Klaric, Zoltan Kutalik, John R. Speakman, Nicholas J. Wareham, Timothy J. Kendall, Claudia Langenberg, James F. Wilson, Peter K. Joshi, Nicholas M. Morton
Summary: Our understanding of the genetic contribution to human adiposity is incomplete, as few studies measure adiposity directly. In this study, the authors used whole-body imaging adiposity phenotypes in large biobanks to enhance their ability to discover genes driving human adiposity, and investigated one such gene using a mouse model.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Anja Biltoft-Jensen, Karin Hess Ygil, Lenette Knudsen, Jeppe Matthiessen, Sisse Fagt, Ellen Trolle, Trine Holmgaard Nielsen, Diane McIntosh Hansen, Cecilie Loe Licht, Maurice Martens, Catherine Hambly, John R. Speakman, Tue Christensen
Summary: The European Food Safety Authority recommends the use of the 2 x 24 h diet recall and physical activity measurements for national dietary surveys. Denmark has been using 7 d food diaries with PA questionnaires and measurements. The study shows that the 2 x 24 h diet recall performs better than the 7 d food diaries method.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Daniel G. Ellis, John Speakman, Catherine Hambly, James P. Morton, Graeme L. Close, Tim F. Donovan
Summary: This study examined the total daily energy expenditure (TEE) of elite tennis players during high-level competition. Results showed that tennis is a highly energetically demanding sport with variability in TEE between individuals. Therefore, individual differences in energy requirements should be considered when developing nutritional strategies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Sarah Wanless, Steve D. Albon, Francis Daunt, Blanca Sarzo, Mark A. Newell, Carrie Gunn, John R. Speakman, Michael P. Harris
Summary: Climate warming can reduce food resources for animal populations, especially for species that exhibit parental care. The extent to which variation in parental effort can buffer demographic rates against environmental change is a key issue.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Lu Wang, Davina Derous, Xiahe Huang, Sharon E. Mitchell, Alex Douglas, David Lusseau, Yingchun Wang, John R. Speakman
Summary: Calorie restriction extends life span by modulating aging-related mechanisms. Metabolic pathways such as glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and fatty acid degradation are significantly stimulated, while main signaling pathways and pathways in cancer are not significantly affected. Moreover, the metabolism of xenobiotics is altered by calorie restriction.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
John R. Speakman, Jasper M. A. de Jong, Srishti Sinha, Klaas R. Westerterp, Yosuke Yamada, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Philip N. Ainslie, Liam J. Anderson, Lenore Arab, Kweku Bedu-Addo, Stephane Blanc, Alberto G. Bonomi, Pascal Bovet, Soren Brage, Maciej S. Buchowski, Nancy F. Butte, Stefan G. J. A. Camps, Jamie A. Cooper, Richard Cooper, Sai Krupa Das, Peter S. W. Davies, Lara R. Dugas, Ulf Ekelund, Sonja Entringer, Terrence Forrester, Barry W. Fudge, Melanie Gillingham, Santu Ghosh, Annelies H. Goris, Michael Gurven, Lewis G. Halsey, Catherine Hambly, Hinke H. Haisma, Daniel Hoffman, Sumei Hu, Annemiek M. Joosen, Jennifer L. Kaplan, Peter Katzmarzyk, William E. Kraus, Robert F. Kushner, William R. Leonard, Marie Loef, Corby K. Martin, Eric Matsiko, Anine C. Medin, Erwin P. Meijer, Marian L. Neuhouser, Theresa A. Nicklas, Robert M. Ojiambo, Kirsi H. Pietilaeinen, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Guy Plasqui, Ross L. Prentice, Susan B. Racette, David A. Raichlen, Eric Ravussin, Leanne M. Redman, Susan B. Roberts, Michael C. Rudolph, Luis B. Sardinha, Albertine J. Schuit, Analiza M. Silva, Eric Stice, Samuel S. Urlacher, Giulio Valenti, Ludo M. Van Etten, Edgar A. Van Mil, Brian M. Wood, Jack A. Yanovski, Tsukasa Yoshida, Xueying Zhang, Alexia J. Murphy-Alford, Cornelia U. Loechl, Anura Kurpad, Amy H. Luke, Herman Pontzer, Matthew S. Rodeheffer, Jennifer Rood, Dale A. Schoeller, William W. Wong
Summary: Obesity is caused by prolonged positive energy balance, and the contribution of reduced activity levels to energy expenditure is still debated. Our study shows that total energy expenditure (TEE) adjusted for body composition and age has declined since the late 1980s, while adjusted activity energy expenditure has increased over time in both sexes. The decline in adjusted basal energy expenditure (BEE) is identified as a previously unrecognized factor. These findings suggest that the increasing obesity in the United States/Europe is not likely fueled by reduced physical activity leading to lowered TEE.
Editorial Material
Biology
David B. Allison, Thorkild I. A. Sorensen, Kevin D. Hall, John R. Speakman
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biology
John R. Speakman, Kevin D. Hall
Summary: Body weight and fatness are regulated phenomena, and several theoretical models, such as the set-point, dynamic equilibrium, adiposity force, and control theory, have been proposed to explain this. Further experiments are needed to test the differences between these models.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Deng Bao Yang, Lin Gao, Xin Yu Liu, Yan Chao Xu, C. Hambly, De Hua Wang, John R. Speakman
Summary: The objective of this study was to assess the impact of diet and obesity on glucose homeostasis. Laboratory voles exposed to long photoperiod were resistant to high-fat diet-induced obesity but exhibited impaired glucose tolerance. This model provides insights into the relationship between diet, obesity, and metabolic health.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Liujun Chen, Lisha Li, Donghong Cui, Yiheng Huang, Haibin Tong, Haleh Zabihi, Shuxia Wang, Yadan Qi, Ted Lakowski, Lin Leng, Suixin Liu, Hong Wu, Lawrence H. Young, Richard Bucala, Dake Qi
Summary: Attenuation of adipose hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) may impair lipolysis and exacerbate obesity. Cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plays a role in regulating adipose HSL and adipocyte hypertrophy. Both intracellular and extracellular MIF have opposing effects on HSL, but extracellular action predominates to downregulate HSL and exacerbate obesity development during high-fat diet (HFD).
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2024)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mengyang Tang, Yi Zhang, Rong Zhang, Yuemei Zhang, Jiangfei Zheng, Daixi Wang, Xinyu Wang, Jing Yan, Cheng Hu
Summary: This study aimed to explore the role of GPSM1 in POMC neurons and the underlying mechanisms in metabolic homeostasis. Through various molecular, biochemical, immunofluorescent, immunohistochemical analyses, and cell culture studies, the study revealed the pathophysiological role of GPSM1 in POMC neurons and its regulation of POMC neuron activity.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2024)