Review
Immunology
Trisha Parbhoo, Jacoba M. Mouton, Samantha L. Sampson
Summary: Mycobacterium tuberculosis has the ability to prolong survival and maintain persistent infection in host tissues by modulating its metabolism and physiological state. Understanding the adaptive strategies of this pathogen is crucial for effective management of infected populations. Animal models can be used to study the human response to infection and the impact of host environment and bacterial adaptive strategies on the difficulty of treating infections.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Trisha Parbhoo, Haiko Schurz, Jacoba M. Mouton, Samantha L. Sampson
Summary: As infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis progresses, the bacteria experience various host stressors in the macrophage phagosome, which promote the formation of persister subpopulations. This study used a flow cytometry-based method to characterize the single-cell replication dynamics and phenotypic heterogeneity of M. tuberculosis persisters following macrophage infection. The results showed that different host factors impact the intracellular bacterial burden and entry into persistence in macrophages.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Ekansh Mittal, Andrew T. Roth, Anushree Seth, Srikanth Singamaneni, Wandy Beatty, Jennifer A. Philips, Bavesh D. Kana
Summary: For decades, researchers have studied the interaction between Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and macrophages, a major cellular environment for the bacterium. Different methods used to disaggregate Mtb have been found to impact the bacterial cell envelope integrity, macrophage inflammatory responses, and intracellular Mtb survival. Sonication and filtering, two commonly used preparation methods, were found to damage the mycobacterial cell envelope and affect the outcome of infections in mouse macrophages. These findings highlight the potential for experimental artifacts in Mtb-host interaction studies and the interpretation of bacterial mutants due to the widely used disaggregation methods.
Review
Immunology
Alyssa Schami, M. Nurul Islam, John T. Belisle, Jordi B. Torrelles
Summary: Drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis pose a threat to global public health and are difficult to treat. Limited research has been conducted on the changes in the cell envelope composition of drug-resistant strains and their impact on infection outcomes.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuzo L. Kevorkian, Nathan J. MacGilvary, David Giacalone, Calvin Johnson, Shumin Tan
Summary: This study identifies a novel transcription factor, Rv0500A, that links Mtb's environmental response and division processes by influencing the expression of division-related genes. The findings show that Rv0500A affects the growth morphology of Mtb, with high levels of chloride and acidic pH exacerbating this effect. Perturbation of Rv0500A leads to attenuation of Mtb's ability to colonize its host in vivo.
MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Clare M. Smith, Richard E. Baker, Megan K. Proulx, Bibhuti B. Mishra, Jarukit E. Long, Sae Woong Park, Ha-Na Lee, Michael C. Kiritsy, Michelle M. Bellerose, Andrew J. Olive, Kenan C. Murphy, Kadamba Papavinasasundaram, Frederick J. Boehm, Charlotte J. Reames, Rachel K. Meade, Brea K. Hampton, Colton L. Linnertz, Ginger D. Shaw, Pablo Hock, Timothy A. Bell, Sabine Ehrt, Dirk Schnappinger, Fernando Pardo-Manuel de Villena, Martin T. Ferris, Thomas R. Ioerger, Christopher M. Sassetti, Bavesh D. Kana
Summary: This study utilizes a genetically diverse Collaborative Cross mouse panel and a library of Mtb mutants to investigate the relationship between bacterial genetic requirements and host genetics and immunity. Global analysis reveals that many virulence pathways are only required in specific host microenvironments, and a large portion of the pathogen's genome has been maintained for fitness in a diverse population. The study identifies genetic variants across the mouse genome that are associated with both immunological and bacterial traits, providing a unique population for studying specific host-pathogen genetic interactions that influence pathogenesis.
Review
Cell Biology
Yanqing Bao, Lin Wang, Jianjun Sun
Summary: EsxA is crucial for the virulence of pathogenic mycobacteria by mediating mycobacterial escape from the phagosome and translocation to the cytosol. It also regulates host immune responses and interacts with multiple cellular proteins to stimulate various signal pathways.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alvaro Chiner-Oms, G. Mariana, Miguel Moreno-Molina, Victoria Furio, Inaki Comasa
Summary: This study used a dataset of MTBC strains to determine the impact of past and present selective forces on the variability of the pathogen population. It identified genome regions relevant for host-pathogen interaction and potential determinants of drug resistance in second-line tuberculosis treatments.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Beatrice Roche, Dirk Bumann
Summary: This review focuses on the role of single-cell reporters in elucidating host-pathogen interactions, including identifying different types of interactions and participating pathogen subsets, as well as determining individual outcomes and their impact on disease progression. It also highlights the gaps in available tools and exciting avenues to address these issues.
CURRENT OPINION IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Richard C. Lavin, Calvin Johnson, Yong-Mo Ahn, Kyle M. Kremiller, Matthew Sherwood, Jimmy S. Patel, Yan Pan, Riccardo Russo, Nathan J. MacGilvary, David Giacalone, Yuzo L. Kevorkian, Matthew D. Zimmerman, J. Fraser Glickman, Joel S. Freundlich, Shumin Tan
Summary: The study identified compounds that dysregulate Mycobacterium tuberculosis response to high chloride levels, inhibiting bacterial growth in host macrophages. Further analysis on the hit compound C6 showed a correlation between its perturbation of Mtb chloride response and inhibition of bacterial growth in macrophages. In addition, it was found that Mtb's chloride response was linked with bacterial growth in cholesterol, and oral administration of C6 inhibited Mtb growth in a murine infection model.
Review
Immunology
Li Wei, Kai Liu, Qingzhi Jia, Hui Zhang, Qingli Bie, Bin Zhang
Summary: Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a major health issue, as the bacteria can replicate and persist in host cells. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play critical roles in regulating the host response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, with potential clinical implications for tuberculosis diagnosis and therapy development.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Poornima Sankar, Bibhuti Bhusan Mishra
Summary: Tuberculosis remains a global health challenge, causing a significant number of deaths every year. The interaction between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and innate immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, plays a crucial role in the host defense against the infection. However, our understanding of these interactions is still limited. This review focuses on exploring the early host-pathogen interactions and the contribution of various innate immune cells and mucosal barrier in tuberculosis immunity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Richard M. M. Jones, Kristin N. N. Adams, Hassan E. E. Eldesouky, David R. R. Sherman
Summary: This review focuses on recent research progress and an updated model for the evolution of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and highlights the contribution of drug tolerance and heterogeneity on resistance. It suggests that drug resistance will continue to pose a threat to tuberculosis control as long as drugs are needed, but with technological advancements and careful management of resources, global progress against TB can still be achieved.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Asahiro Morishita, Kyoko Oura, Tomoko Tadokoro, Koji Fujita, Joji Tani, Tsutomu Masaki
Summary: The liver is a non-immunological organ involved in metabolic activities, nutrient storage, and detoxification. Resident immune cells in the liver drive immunological reactions and certain microRNAs are associated with the immune response to pathogens, although the exact mechanism of miRNA interference in these interactions remains unclear.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Kathryn C. Rahlwes, Beatriz R. S. Dias, Priscila C. Campos, Samuel Alvarez-Arguedas, Michael U. Shiloh
Summary: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causative agent of tuberculosis, posing one of the greatest threats to global health. By utilizing its arsenal of virulence factors, Mtb invades the airway, evades the host immune response, and establishes a niche for survival. Understanding the interplay between Mtb virulence factors and host defenses is crucial for developing effective vaccines and therapeutics.
Article
Microbiology
Nathan J. MacGilvary, Yuzo L. Kevorkian, Shumin Tan
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Richard C. Lavin, Calvin Johnson, Yong-Mo Ahn, Kyle M. Kremiller, Matthew Sherwood, Jimmy S. Patel, Yan Pan, Riccardo Russo, Nathan J. MacGilvary, David Giacalone, Yuzo L. Kevorkian, Matthew D. Zimmerman, J. Fraser Glickman, Joel S. Freundlich, Shumin Tan
Summary: The study identified compounds that dysregulate Mycobacterium tuberculosis response to high chloride levels, inhibiting bacterial growth in host macrophages. Further analysis on the hit compound C6 showed a correlation between its perturbation of Mtb chloride response and inhibition of bacterial growth in macrophages. In addition, it was found that Mtb's chloride response was linked with bacterial growth in cholesterol, and oral administration of C6 inhibited Mtb growth in a murine infection model.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuzo L. Kevorkian, Nathan J. MacGilvary, David Giacalone, Calvin Johnson, Shumin Tan
Summary: This study identifies a novel transcription factor, Rv0500A, that links Mtb's environmental response and division processes by influencing the expression of division-related genes. The findings show that Rv0500A affects the growth morphology of Mtb, with high levels of chloride and acidic pH exacerbating this effect. Perturbation of Rv0500A leads to attenuation of Mtb's ability to colonize its host in vivo.
MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)