Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Nancy A. Rigotti, Neal L. Benowitz, Judith Prochaska, Scott Leischow, Mitchell Nides, Brent Blumenstein, Anthony Clarke, Daniel Cain, Cindy Jacobs
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of cytisinicline in smoking cessation. The results showed that cytisinicline, when administered for 6 or 12 weeks with behavioral support, demonstrated good effectiveness and tolerability in quitting smoking, offering new treatment options for nicotine dependence.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ryan J. Courtney, Hayden McRobbie, Piotr Tutka, Natasha A. Weaver, Dennis Petrie, Colin P. Mendelsohn, Anthony Shakeshaft, Saki Talukder, Christel Macdonald, Dennis Thomas, Benjamin C. H. Kwan, Natalie Walker, Coral Gartner, Richard P. Mattick, Christine Paul, Stuart G. Ferguson, Nicholas A. Zwar, Robyn L. Richmond, Christopher M. Doran, Veronica C. Boland, Wayne Hall, Robert West, Michael Farrell
Summary: This study compared standard cytisine treatment (25 days) with standard varenicline treatment (84 days) for smoking cessation among Australian adult daily smokers willing to make a quit attempt. The findings failed to demonstrate noninferiority of cytisine compared with varenicline regarding smoking cessation.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lisa Sanderson Cox, Nicole L. Nollen, Matthew S. Mayo, Babalola Faseru, Allen Greiner, Edward F. Ellerbeck, Ron Krebill, Rachel F. Tyndale, Neal L. Benowitz, Jasjit S. Ahluwalia
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy of varenicline in African American smokers and found that varenicline added to counseling resulted in a significant improvement in the rates of 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence at week 26. The treatment had a greater impact on light smokers and moderate to heavy smokers, and varenicline was generally well tolerated.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Substance Abuse
Helena Zhang, Tara Mansoursadeghi-Gilan, Sarwar Hussain, Scott Veldhuizen, Bernard Le Foll, Peter Selby, Laurie Zawertailo
Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness of an online treatment using first-line prescription medications for smoking cessation. The results showed that the varenicline group had higher 7-day quit rates compared to the bupropion group, and this difference persisted in the follow-up periods. However, the varenicline group also reported more adverse events.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
(2022)
Article
Substance Abuse
Emma Beard, Sarah E. Jackson, Robert M. Anthenelli, Neal L. Benowitz, Lisa St. Aubin, Thomas McRae, David Lawrence, Cristina Russ, Alok Krishen, A. Eden Evins, Robert West
Summary: The study used Bayes factors for secondary analysis, showing that the use of varenicline, bupropion, or nicotine patches for smoking cessation does not increase the risk of neuropsychiatric adverse events compared to placebo in the global smoking cessation study, especially for smokers without a history of psychiatric disorders.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Cristina Russo, Magdalena Walicka, Pasquale Caponnetto, Fabio Cibella, Marilena Maglia, Angela Alamo, Davide Campagna, Lucia Frittitta, Maurizio Di Mauro, Grazia Caci, Arkadiusz Krysinski, Edward Franek, Riccardo Polosa
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of varenicline in helping patients with type 2 diabetes quit smoking. The results showed that the inclusion of varenicline in a smoking cessation program was effective in achieving long-term abstinence without serious adverse events. Varenicline should be routinely used to help patients with type 2 diabetes stop smoking.
Article
Substance Abuse
Philip Tonnesen, David Lawrence, Serena Tonstad
Summary: This post hoc analysis of EAGLES data found that smokers with smoking-related diseases had lower continuous abstinence rates compared to those without these comorbidities. The use of smoking cessation medication was identified as the strongest predictor of continuous abstinence.
TOBACCO INDUCED DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Substance Abuse
Jacqueline K. Gollan, Gabrielle Liverant, Nancy C. Jao, Kayla A. Lord, Alexis E. Whitton, Lee Hogarth, Erica Fox, Anna-Marika Bauer, Mackenzie Hosie Quinn, Diego A. Pizzagalli, Frank T. Leone, George D. Papandonatos, Robert A. Schnoll, Brian Hitsman
Summary: This study investigated how adult daily smokers learned to seek reward during a 12-week treatment combining behavioral activation and varenicline. The results showed that smokers with more severe depressive symptoms experienced a decline in reward learning during smoking cessation treatment, posing challenges for standard smoking cessation approaches.
NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Manami Bhattacharya, Olamide Ojo-Fati, Susan A. Everson-Rose, Janet L. Thomas, Jonathan M. Miller, Gbenga Ogedegbe, Girardin Jean-Louis, Anne M. Joseph, Kolawole S. Okuyemi
Summary: The study found that over half of homeless smokers successfully reduced their smoking amount. Reduction is achievable, and further research is needed to understand the impact of reduction on future cessation attempts in homeless smokers.
ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Gail L. Daumit, A. Eden Evins, Corinne Cather, Arlene T. Dalcin, Faith B. Dickerson, Edgar R. Miller, Lawrence J. Appel, Gerald J. Jerome, Una McCann, Daniel E. Ford, Jeanne B. Charleston, Deborah R. Young, Joseph V. Gennusa, Stacy Goldsholl, Courtney Cook, Tyler Fink, Nae-Yuh Wang
Summary: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of an 18-month pharmacotherapy and behavioral smoking cessation intervention in adults with serious mental illness interested in quitting smoking. The results showed that the use of pharmacotherapy and tailored behavioral support can increase tobacco abstinence without significant weight gain.
Article
Psychiatry
Gail L. Daumit, A. Eden Evins, Corinne Cather, Arlene T. Dalcin, Faith B. Dickerson, Edgar R. Miller, Lawrence J. Appel, Gerald J. Jerome, Una McCann, Daniel E. Ford, Jeanne B. Charleston, Deborah R. Young, Joseph V. Gennusa, Stacy Goldsholl, Courtney Cook, Tyler Fink, Nae-Yuh Wang
Summary: This randomized clinical trial found that an 18-month intervention incorporating first-line pharmacotherapy and individualized behavioral support for smoking cessation and weight management increased tobacco abstinence in adults with serious mental illness who were interested in quitting smoking within 6 months, without significant weight gain.
Article
Substance Abuse
Cindy Jacobs, Marlene Fonseca, Nancy A. Rigotti, Neal Benowitz, Anthony Clarke, Dan Cain
Summary: This study evaluated the safety and tolerability of cytisinicline in fasting adult smokers. The results showed that single doses of cytisinicline up to 30 mg were well tolerated and did not raise any new safety concerns. The therapeutic dose being evaluated in phase 3 clinical trials is 3 mg, which has a good safety margin.
NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Matthew J. Carpenter, Kevin M. Gray, Amy E. Wahlquist, Karen Cropsey, Michael E. Saladin, Brett Froeliger, Tracy T. Smith, Benjamin A. Toll, Jennifer Dahne
Summary: Varenicline sampling is well accepted among smokers and can increase motivation and confidence to quit, as well as reduce cigarette smoking. Smokers receiving varenicline samples are more likely to achieve a 50% reduction in cigarettes per day and to attempt quitting. Despite non-significant cessation outcomes, varenicline sampling appears to be a promising strategy to engage smokers in quitting.
NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Paulo Roberto Xavier Tomaz, Thuane Sales Goncalves, Juliana Rocha Santos, Jaqueline Scholz, Tania Ogawa Abe, Patricia Viviane Gaya, Eduardo Costa Figueiredo, Henrique Dipe de Faria, Isarita Martins, Ana Miguel Fonseca Pego, Beatriz Aparecida Bismara, Mauricio Yonamine, Alexandre Costa Pereira, Paulo Caleb Lima Santos Junior
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the application of nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR) in Brazilian smoking patients and analyze its association with smoking characteristics. The findings contribute to the development of personalized smoking cessation treatments and improvement of success rates.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Larry W. Hawk, Stephen T. Tiffany, Craig R. Colder, Rebecca L. Ashare, Jennifer M. Wray, Rachel F. Tyndale, Thomas H. Brandon, Martin C. Mahoney
Summary: This study aimed to test the effect of extending varenicline treatment duration on smoking cessation rates, and the results showed that extending treatment duration did not significantly improve smoking cessation rates, but it could reduce smoking exposure before quitting.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Elizabeth Stokoe, Savannah Simons, John Drury, Susan Michie, Melissa Parker, Ann Phoenix, Stephen Reicher, Bishop Wardlaw, Robert West
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Substance Abuse
Sharon Cox, Robert West, Caitlin Notley, Kirstie Soar, Janna Hastings
Summary: This study proposes an ontology of tobacco, nicotine, and vaping products with the aim of reducing ambiguity and confusion in the field. By identifying terms and developing classes and properties, this ontology categorizes and describes these products. The use of this ontology improves accuracy in tobacco control research and practice.
Editorial Material
Substance Abuse
Robert West
Article
Substance Abuse
Caitlin Notley, Robert West, Kirstie Soar, Janna Hastings, Sharon Cox
Summary: This study aims to create a basic set of definitions and relationships for identity-related constructs, in order to facilitate evidence synthesis and interoperability across different theoretical positions. The study proposes concepts such as identity, self-appraisal, and group identity, and describes different expressions of identity through logically defined identity classes.
Review
Substance Abuse
Jannis Kraiss, Wolfgang Viechtbauer, Nicola Black, Marie Johnston, Jamie Hartmann-Boyce, Maarten Eisma, Neza Javornik, Alessio Bricca, Susan Michie, Robert West, Marijn de Bruin
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of 172 randomized controlled trials to estimate the relative effectiveness of various smoking cessation interventions while accounting for comparator variability. The results showed that compared to a 'no support comparator', self-help, brief physician advice, nurse individual counseling, psychologist individual counseling, and group psychologist interventions were more effective. The study concluded that comparator variability and underreporting of comparators can obscure the interpretation and generalization of smoking cessation trials, and should be taken into account when evaluating the effectiveness of interventions.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Mackenzie Wilson, Zachary M. van Allen, Jeremy M. Grimshaw, Jamie C. Brehaut, Audrey Durand, Jean-Francois Lalonde, Douglas G. Manuel, Susan Michie, Robert West, Justin Presseau
Summary: Through a study on Canadians, it was found that outcome expectancy was the strongest predictor of intention to reduce facial 'T-zone' touching, while self-efficacy only played a significant predictive role for the eyes and mouth touching. Automaticity was the strongest predictor of behavior at the 2-week follow-up. These findings suggest that focusing on reflective processes may increase intention to reduce 'T-zone' touching, while reducing actual touching may require strategies that address the automatic nature of this behavior.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Zoe Swithenbank, Alessio Bricca, Nicola Black, Jamie Hartmann Boyce, Marie Johnston, Neil Scott, Robert West, Ryan J. Courtney, Shaun Treweek, Susan Michie, Marijn de Bruin
Summary: A modified CONSORT-SPI guideline (CONSORT-SPI-SMOKE) has been developed through a Delphi study to improve the reporting of behavioral interventions trials for smoking cessation. The guideline includes the specification of 10 new items and 12 existing items, covering modifications that apply to trials more widely and those specific to smoking cessation trials.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Louise E. Smith, Robert West, Henry W. W. Potts, Richard Amlot, Nicola T. Fear, G. James Rubin, Susan Michie
Summary: This study found that worry about COVID-19, beliefs about risks and severity of COVID-19, and perceived effectiveness of facemasks were significantly associated with the use of facemasks. Removal of legal obligations to wear facemasks resulted in a 25% decrease in wearing facemasks and stronger correlations between psychological factors and facemask use.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Harry Tattan-Birch, Loren Kock, Jamie Brown, Emma Beard, Linda Bauld, Robert West, Lion Shahab
Summary: Preliminary evidence suggests that offering e-cigarettes alongside varenicline may be more effective for smoking cessation than varenicline alone in individuals receiving behavioral support. However, more evidence is needed to confirm the findings due to the limited sample size.
NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH
(2023)