Fair Demand Response With Electric Vehicles for the Cloud Based Energy Management Service

Fluctuated penetration of electric vehicle (EV) loads and production capacities from distributed energy resource (DER) bring large impacts to power systems. To smooth fluctuations, financial incentives have to be maximized for customers controlling their consumption patterns. A fair demand response with electric vehicles (F-DREVs) is proposed for the cloud-based energy management service. Customers with EV, DER, storage and multiple loads form communities and obtain optimal choices (electricity usage and trading) from F-DREV. F-DREV aims to maximize incentives by minimizing global cost for each community within the given time period, and smooth fluctuations. In order to attract customers to actively participate, we propose the fairness as customers with higher participation level can reduce their individual cost more than those with lower participation level within the same community,which is attainable by customizing trading prices. A binary linear programming model is formulated, and performances are evaluated in experiments.