Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Moritz Stolte, Charles Spence, Ayla Barutchu
Summary: The study found that stimuli associated with the self or high rewards in perceptual matching tasks had immediate processing benefits, even when labels were removed. Reward associations depended on specific alignment between physical tones and conceptual order, while personal associations benefited when the self was paired with low or high tones.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Emeline Duhamel, Andra Mihali, Guillermo Horga
Summary: Bayesian models propose that perception results from the integration of sensory information and prior expectations. Hallucination-like phenomena in psychosis may be explained by an excessive bias towards perceptual prior expectations. This study investigates whether this prior bias is due to imprecise early sensory representations or alterations in perceptual priors, and finds that hallucination proneness correlates with a circumscribed form of prior bias that is independent of sensory noise and resolution.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Dragan Rangelov, Rebecca West, Jason B. Mattingley
Summary: The study found that temporal integration of discrete sensory events in the brain is automatically and suboptimally weighted according to stimulus reliability.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Management
Eeva Vilkkumaa, Juuso Liesio
Summary: Many studies suggest that decision-makers tend to overestimate the value of highest-ranked decision alternatives, leading to post-decision disappointment, which could be attributed to systematic bias or selection bias, with only approximately 24% of total cost overrun being due to systematic bias.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Yuan Chang Leong, Roma Dziembaj, Mark D'Esposito
Summary: People's perceptual reports are biased toward percepts they are motivated to see. The arousal system coordinates the body's response to motivationally significant events and is well positioned to regulate motivational effects on perceptual judgments. Heightened arousal biases people toward what they want to see and away from an objective representation of the environment.
PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Christopher S. Y. Benwell, Rachael Beyer, Francis Wallington, Robin A. A. Ince
Summary: Human decision-making and self-reflection are influenced by context and internal biases. Previous choices can affect decisions regardless of their relevance. Using information and detection theories, we found that both perception and metacognition are biased towards preceding responses. We observed dissociations that challenge normative theories of confidence, with different evidence levels informing perceptual and metacognitive decisions and response history influencing first- and second-order decision-parameters.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Jui Le Loh, Wei-Yu Chang, Hsiu-Wei Hsu, Pin-Fang Lin, Pao-Liang Chang, Yung-Lin Teng, Yu-Chieng Liou
Summary: This study assessed the long-term radar reflectivity biases of S- and C-band dual-polarization radars and investigated the systematic bias, wet-radome effect, and attenuation effect. The self-consistency algorithm and the K-dp(Z, Z(dr)) relationship were used for correction and yielded good results.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Paul B. Sharp, Isaac Fradkin, Eran Eldar
Summary: The finding that human decision-making is biased due to limited computational resources is common, but we propose that biases actually arise from a computationally costly way of coping with uncertainty - hierarchical inference. We show how this hierarchical-inference account can explain various biases and reveal the computations and assumptions behind them. Additionally, our account predicts factors that can mitigate or exacerbate bias, some of which have empirical support.
COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Huachen Gao, Xiaoyu Liu, Meixia Qu, Shijie Huang
Summary: Recent studies have shown that traditional methods cannot accurately estimate the depth value of pixels, hence a network called PDANet is proposed to integrate perceptual consistency and data augmentation consistency as reliable unsupervised signals to improve the depth estimation model.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Pouyan R. Fard, Sebastian Bitzer, Sebastian Pannasch, Stefan J. Kiebel
Summary: This study found that random motion stimuli can influence the choices made by participants, leading to biased decisions. The consistent choice bias among participants is caused by subtle motion information contained in the motion noise. The implications of this finding for future studies of perceptual decision making are discussed, suggesting the use of a stimulus-informed modeling approach to control for the effects of apparent decision evidence in random stimuli.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Preetish Kadur Lakshminarasimha Murthy, Vishwaraj Sontake, Aleksandra Tata, Yoshihiko Kobayashi, Lauren Macadlo, Kenichi Okuda, Ansley S. Conchola, Satoko Nakano, Simon Gregory, Lisa A. Miller, Jason R. Spence, John F. Engelhardt, Richard C. Boucher, Jason R. Rock, Scott H. Randell, Purushothama Rao Tata
Summary: This study identifies previously unknown cell types in the human distal airways and reveals their roles in lung development and regeneration. These findings are important for understanding the mechanisms underlying respiratory diseases.
Article
Psychology
Cristina de la Malla, Joan Lopez-Moliner
Summary: This study found that increasing scene variability leads people to adopt more conservative decision criteria, and the reliability of perceptual estimates affects the decision criteria adopted in response to scene changes.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-HUMAN PERCEPTION AND PERFORMANCE
(2022)
Review
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Vincent Berthet
Summary: The study suggests that individual differences in decision-making research on heuristics and cognitive biases have been overlooked, and reliable measures are needed. While there are currently reliable measures for some cognitive biases, improvements are needed for others, such as confirmation bias. Empirical work showed that adjustments can significantly improve some measures and confirmation bias can be reliably measured. Overall, the study highlights that measurement of individual differences in cognitive biases is still in its early stages, with a particular need for improved or developed contextualized measures.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Taylor W. Webb, Kiyofumi Miyoshi, Tsz Yan So, Sivananda Rajananda, Hakwan Lau
Summary: Previous work has debated whether predictions of decision confidence are optimal and rely on the same decision variable as decisions themselves. This study used deep neural networks to develop a model of decision confidence that operates on high-dimensional stimuli. The model explains dissociations between decisions and confidence, provides a rational explanation based on the statistics of sensory inputs, and predicts a common decision variable.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shuang Li, Yuqun Lan, YongAn Huang, Yuli Chen, Yewang Su
Summary: The effect of different interface conditions on the mechanical and electrical performances of stretchable inorganic electronics is studied. A universal size design principle is proposed, stating that the period length of the devices/interconnects should be the same order of magnitude as the encapsulation thickness or less. Micron-scale geometrical design is necessary for epidermal electronics. This finding is of great significance for ensuring the accuracy and robustness of stretchable inorganic electronics in practical applications.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xue-Xin Wei, Alan A. Stocker
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2017)
Review
Neurosciences
Joshua I. Gold, Alan A. Stocker
ANNUAL REVIEW OF VISION SCIENCE, VOL 3
(2017)
Article
Psychology
Cheng Qiu, Long Luu, Alan A. Stocker
PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jean-Paul Noel, Ling-Qi Zhang, Alan A. Stocker, Dora E. Angelaki
Summary: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show deficits in sensory encoding, reflecting a lack in processing sensory information. Additionally, adaptation to changing stimulus statistics also differs between neurotypical and ASD groups, with ASD individuals exhibiting lower encoding capacity.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Long Luu, Alan A. Stocker
Summary: The study found that categorical judgments do not directly alter sensory information in working memory, but rather act as top-down expectations in the subsequent sensory recall and inference process. Humans tend to remain consistent with their previous categorical judgments when recalling evidence, leading to various forms of consistency and confirmation biases.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Long Luu, Mingsha Zhang, Misha Tsodyks, Ning Qian
Summary: Sensory encoding progresses from low- to high-level features, while decoding of sensory responses is less understood but is assumed to follow the same hierarchy. A study found evidence against the assumption and suggested that visual decoding may often follow a high-to-low-level hierarchy, with higher-level constraints introducing interactions among lower-level features.
Correction
Neurosciences
Ling-Qi Zhang, Alan A. Stocker
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Ling-Qi Zhang, Alan A. Stocker
Summary: Bayesian inference provides an elegant theoretical framework for understanding visual speed perception, but its validation has been challenging due to the lack of constraints on sensory uncertainty. In this study, we demonstrate that a Bayesian observer model constrained by efficient coding can accurately explain human visual speed perception and predict the tuning characteristics of neurons representing visual speed.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Long Luu, Arvind Pillai, Halsey Lea, Ruben Buendia, Faisal M. Khan, Glynn Dennis
Summary: This study trained neural network models on publicly available data and tested their generalization and personalization effects on an independent cohort. The results demonstrate that it is possible to develop device-agnostic, accelerometer-only algorithms that provide highly accurate step counts, positioning step count as a reliable mobility endpoint and a strong candidate for clinical validation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ari S. S. Benjamin, Ling-Qi Zhang, Cheng Qiu, Alan A. A. Stocker, Konrad P. P. Kording
Summary: Human sensory systems and artificial neural networks both show a preference for common features in the environment. Mathematically, learning through gradient descent in neural networks leads to representations that are more sensitive to common features, indicating efficient coding.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Long Ni, Alan A. Stocker
Summary: Not all items in a stimulus ensemble contribute equally to the perceived ensemble average. Rather, items closer to the average have a stronger influence compared to those further away. This nonuniform weighting, known as robust averaging, can emerge from an optimal integration process when sensory encoding efficiently adapts to the ensemble statistics. The model accurately predicts human decision accuracy and nonuniform weighting profile in discriminating low-level stimulus features across various domains.