Article
Behavioral Sciences
Michael A. Weston, Anna Radkovic, Lennox Kirao, Patrick-Jean Guay, Wouter F. D. Van Dongen, Philista Malaki, Daniel T. Blumstein, Matthew R. E. Symonds
Summary: The study reveals that resident birds in eastern Africa are more tolerant of human presence, and certain principles regarding bird escape behavior might represent universal patterns while others vary geographically or with habituation.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Songhua Wu, Tongliang Liu, Bo Han, Jun Yu, Gang Niu, Masashi Sugiyama
Summary: SU classification is a method that uses similar data pairs and unlabeled data to build classifiers, providing an alternative to supervised classifiers that require labeled data points. However, SU classification has limitations due to the possibility of respondents answering questions in a favorable manner instead of truthfully. This paper studies how to learn from noisy similar data pairs and unlabeled data, proposing an algorithm for nSU classification.
JOURNAL OF MACHINE LEARNING RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Andrew W. Wilson, Ursula Eberhardt, Nhu Nguyen, Chance R. Noffsinger, Rachel A. Swenie, Justin L. Loucks, Brian A. Perry, Mariana Herrera, Todd W. Osmundson, Sarah DeLong-Duhon, Henry J. Beker, Gregory M. Mueller
Summary: The nrITS region is widely used in fungal diversity studies. Environmental metabarcoding has increased the importance of the fungal DNA barcode in documenting fungal diversity and distribution. The current understanding of the barcode gap in macrofungi is limited, hindering research on fungal diversity.
Article
Mathematics
D. Pandey, K. L. Patra
Summary: This study identifies the tree on n vertices that maximizes the distance between a characteristic set and subtree core, discussing the asymptotic nature of this distance. Additionally, it explores the problem of extremizing the distance between different central parts of trees on n vertices with fixed diameter.
LINEAR & MULTILINEAR ALGEBRA
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Russell B. Davidson, Jess Woods, T. Chad Effler, Mathialakan Thavappiragasam, Julie C. Mitchell, Jerry M. Parks, Ada Sedova
Summary: The article introduces an open-source Python package called OpenMDlr for modeling protein structures based on inter-atomic distances and dihedral angles. The package provides a user-friendly input format and can efficiently utilize multiple compute cores.
Article
Microbiology
Victor Mataigne, Nathan Vannier, Philippe Vandenkoornhuyse, Stephane Hacquard
Summary: This study used in silico analysis to explore the metabolic potential and dependencies among 193 bacteria isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana roots. The results showed that metabolic potential is clustered by phylogeny, and nutrient availability and root exudates play a key role in determining the number of producible metabolites. The study highlights the importance of environmental factors and cooperation among microbiota members in maintaining co-existence in microbial communities.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Dejene M. Sime, Guotai Wang, Zhi Zeng, Wei Wang, Bei Peng
Summary: In this article, a novel method for semisupervised defect segmentation based on pairwise similarity map consistency and ensemble-based cross pseudolabels is proposed. It achieved significant performance improvement over the baseline and current state-of-the-art methods, and demonstrated state-of-the-art results on three different datasets.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Jenish Dhanani, Rupa Mehta, Dipti Rana
Summary: This study proposes a novel Legal Document Recommendation System based on graph clustering, which efficiently handles a large number of judgments and finds semantically relevant judgments. By restricting the scope of pairwise similarity calculations, the system significantly reduces the computational complexity and improves the efficiency of the recommender system.
JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & FUZZY SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Weiren Yu, Julie McCann, Chengyuan Zhang, Hakan Ferhatosmanoglu
Summary: This article studies fast high-quality link-based similarity search on billion-scale graphs. It proposes a varied-D method to accurately compute SimRank, a novel cosine-based SimRank model to overcome the connectivity trait problem, and an efficient dimensionality reduction algorithm, PSR#, for partial-pairs cosine-based SimRank search on large graphs. It also provides insights into the semantic difference between SimRank and its variant and proposes a method to accurately convert between different SimRank algorithms. Additionally, it introduces GSR5, a generalization of the cosine-based SimRank model, to quantify pairwise similarities across two distinct graphs. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approaches in terms of search quality, computational efficiency, accuracy, and scalability on billion-edge graphs.
ACM TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Lucie Mahaut, Cyrille Violle, Ammar Shihan, Remi Pelissier, Jean-Benoit Morel, Felix de Tombeur, Koloina Rahajaharilaza, Denis Fabre, Delphine Luquet, Susan Hartley, Sarah J. Thorne, Elsa Ballini, Florian Fort
Summary: This study examined the prediction of plant-plant interactions (PPI) outcomes based on the distance and distinctiveness of functional traits. The results showed that relative trait distances and distinctiveness were strong predictors for the performance of single genotypes, while absolute trait distances had no effect. This suggests that competitive hierarchy for light dominates PPI, and functional distinctiveness captures the effects of trait hierarchies and asymmetric PPI at this scale.
FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Parasitology
Victor Aguiar de Souza Penha, Fabricius Maia Chaves Bicalho Domingos, Alan Fecchio, Jeffrey A. Bell, Jason D. Weckstein, Robert E. Ricklefs, Erika Martins Braga, Patricia de Abreu Moreira, Leticia Soares, Steven Latta, Graziela Tolesano-Pascoli, Renata Duarte Alquezar, Kleber Del-Claro, Lilian Tonelli Manica
Summary: This study explored the relationship between avian life-history traits, climate, and the prevalence of Plasmodium and Parahaemoproteus parasites. The results showed that species inhabiting open habitats and species with longer incubation periods had higher parasite prevalence. Additionally, species without migratory behavior, engaging in mixed-species flocks, and with an omnivorous or animal-derived diet had higher prevalence of Plasmodium infection.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Hyeongu Yun, Yongil Kim, Taegwan Kang, Kyomin Jung
Summary: Deep-learning-to-hash models have achieved breakthroughs in fast and efficient image retrieval, with the proposed pairwise context similarity addressing limitations of using only pairwise label similarity as supervision. An auxiliary loss strategy is also proposed to enhance retrieval quality without deteriorating overall performance, showing empirical benefits in mitigating overfitting and stabilizing training curves.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Masoud Reyhani Hamedani, Sang-Wook Kim
Summary: JacSim* is a variant of SimRank designed to address the issues present in JacSim. Compared to JacSim, JacSim* outperforms in terms of accuracy and performance, with simpler and easier-to-understand formulas.
Article
Ecology
Werther P. Ramalho, Vitor H. M. Prado, Luciana Signorelli, Kimberly A. With
Summary: The study found that local-scale environmental filtering plays a significant role in shaping patterns of species co-occurrence among pond-breeding anurans in the Brazilian Cerrado, with competition being relatively weaker. Arboreal species are predominantly influenced by habitat filtering, leading to a checkerboard distribution, while terrestrial species exhibit limiting similarity within small ponds.
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Shijun Qin, Yi-Ying Chin, Bowen Zhou, Zhehong Liu, Xubin Ye, Jia Guo, Guangxiu Liu, Chien-Te Chen, Zhiwei Hu, Youwen Long
Summary: A 4H-type BaMnO3 single crystal was prepared using the floating zone method combined with high-pressure treatment, exhibiting a hexagonal structure with a long-range antiferromagnetic phase transition. Increasing the synthesis pressure to 20 GPa resulted in a new polymorphic phase with different lattice parameters and magnetic properties, forming a 6H structure with two distinct long-range AFM orderings at lower temperatures.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Antoine Paccard, Dieta Hanson, Yoel E. Stuart, Frank A. von Hippel, Martin Kalbe, Tom Klepaker, Skuli Skulason, Bjarni K. Kristjansson, Daniel Bolnick, Andrew P. Hendry, Rowan D. H. Barrett
JOURNAL OF HEREDITY
(2020)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Agnes-Katharina Kreiling, Eoin J. O'Gorman, Snaebjorn Palsson, David Benhaim, Camille A. Leblanc, Jon S. Olafsson, Bjarni K. Kristjansson
Summary: The study in a thermally stable freshwater spring in South Iceland found that seasonal dynamics of benthic invertebrate community have significant effects on top fish predators, influencing diet composition and feeding preferences. Clear separation between winter and summer communities of invertebrates was observed, with higher feeding selectivity in summer and higher individual specialisation in winter. Groundwater amphipods were identified as potentially important prey in the winter diet of spring-dwelling Arctic charr. Overall, seasonal variation in invertebrate community can alter the phenotype and behavior of higher trophic levels.
Article
Ecology
Anssi Karvonen, Samantha Beck, Skuli Skulason, Bjarni K. Kristjansson, Camille A. Leblanc
Summary: The study reveals that there are differences in resistance profiles against parasite infections between different resource-based morphs of Arctic charr, as well as within families within each morph. Furthermore, offspring resistance within families may be positively correlated with the parasite load of the father, suggesting a potential inheritance of parasite resistance.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ignacy T. Debicki, Elizabeth A. Mittell, Bjarni K. Kristjansson, Camille A. Leblanc, Michael B. Morrissey, Kasim Terzic
Summary: The ability to re-identify individuals is crucial for individual-based studies in wild populations. A photographic re-ID method using spot constellations was presented, resulting in a 4% increase in survival rate estimate accuracy. The multi-step pipeline involves little human supervision and can be applied to diverse organisms.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Agnes-Katharina Kreiling, Daniel P. Govoni, Snaebjorn Palsson, Jon S. Olafsson, Bjarni K. Kristjansson
Summary: Freshwater springs are unique ecosystems on the fringe of aquatic habitats, and their stability in terms of environmental metrics is remarkable. This study aimed to assess the influence of environmental variables on invertebrate diversity and community composition in different types of freshwater springs and habitats. Sampling in 49 springs in Iceland, the researchers found that species composition differed significantly between different spring types and was influenced by temperature.
Article
Ecology
Joseph S. S. Phillips, Arni Einarsson, Kasha Strickland, Anthony R. R. Ives, Bjarni K. K. Kristjansson, Katja Rasanen
Summary: In this study, a stage-structured metapopulation model was used to analyze the threespine stickleback population in Lake MATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH ACUTEvatn, Iceland. The results showed that the two basins of the lake were connected through movement, with the North Basin subsidizing the South Basin and driving the lake-wide dynamics. The findings suggest that cyclic fluctuations in population can be explained by the synchronized demographic rates and spatial coupling.
AMERICAN NATURALIST
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Lynn D. Bouvier, Jeffrey R. Baylis, Anders Klemetsen, Bjarni K. Kristjansson, Judith L. Li, Pierre Magnan, Robert L. McLaughlin, Andrew M. Muir, Yoshitaka Sakakura, Skuli Skulason
Summary: David Lloyd George Noakes is a scholar known for his scientific contributions to animal behavior, his curiosity, wit, and ability to connect with the international academic community.
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Natalie Pilakouta, Patrick J. O'Donnell, Amelie Crespel, Marie Levet, Marion Claireaux, Joseph L. Humble, Bjarni K. Kristjansson, Skuli Skulason, Jan Lindstrom, Neil B. Metcalfe, Shaun S. Killen, Kevin J. Parsons
Summary: The costs and benefits of social behavior in animals are influenced by environmental conditions, particularly temperature. Temperature affects food availability, predator abundance, and physiological traits related to social behavior. Understanding the effects of temperature on sociality is important in the context of climate change.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Samantha Beck, Katja Rasanen, Bjarni K. Kristjansson, Skuli Skulason, Zophonias O. Jonsson, Markos Tsinganis, Camille A. Leblanc
Summary: Maternal effects, specifically variation in egg size, have a significant impact on early development and phenotypic diversification in Icelandic Arctic charr. This study found that egg size correlated with offspring size and developmental timing, but not developmental rate. The resulting differences in early life-history traits may contribute to the initiation and maintenance of resource polymorphism in this species.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Camille A. Leblanc, Carl Schreck, Bjarni K. Kristjansson, Skuli Skulason, David L. G. Noakes
Summary: The size variation within a clutch of eggs has significant implications for the phenotypes of juvenile steelhead trout. In this study, it was found that hatchery fish have smaller eggs compared to wild fish, and offspring from smaller eggs showed better growth during their first year. Additionally, the timing of hatching and developmental stage at hatching differed between offspring from small and large eggs, and there were differences in smolting and saltwater preference between hatchery and wild offspring.
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kasha Strickland, Katja Rasanen, Bjarni Kristofer Kristjansson, Joseph S. S. Phillips, Arni Einarsson, Ragna G. G. Snorradottir, Mireia Bartrons, Zophonias Oddur Jonsson
Summary: Adaptive genetic divergence occurs in the threespine stickleback in MATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH ACUTEvatn, where multiple traits show differentiation along ecological gradients, despite negligible genome wide divergence. SNP based heritability of all measured traits is high, indicating adaptive potential. Environment-association analyses identify thousands of loci putatively involved in selection, related to genes linked to neuron development and protein phosphorylation. Divergence in pelvic spine length occurs in the face of gene flow, concurrent with loci linked to water depth. Integrative studies combining genomic assays and landscape genomics are valuable in understanding adaptive divergence.
Article
Ecology
Natalie Pilakouta, Shaun S. Killen, Bjarni K. Kristjansson, Skuli Skulason, Jan Lindstrom, Neil B. Metcalfe, Kevin J. Parsons
Summary: Studies have found that organisms' ability to adapt to climate change does not necessarily lead to changes in their temperature preferences. Research shows that fish living in warm environments have similar temperature preferences to those living in cold environments. Thus, preferred temperature may not be a reliable indicator of a species' adaptive potential to a new temperature environment.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
David Eme, Kristen M. Westfall, Brynja Matthiasardottir, Bjarni Kristofer Kristjansson, Snaebjorn Palsson
Summary: This study reanalyzed the mito-nuclear discordance of an Icelandic amphipod, Crangonyx islandicus, using genomic tools. The results suggest a complex evolutionary history, involving stochastic lineage sorting, ancestral hybridization, past dispersal, and secondary contacts. These findings highlight the importance of considering mito-nuclear discordance and the challenges it poses in phylogeographic analyses.
Article
Ecology
Natalie Pilakouta, Joseph L. Humble, Iain D. C. Hill, Jessica Arthur, Ana P. B. Costa, Bethany A. Smith, Bjarni K. Kristjansson, Skuli Skulason, Shaun S. Killen, Jan Lindstrom, Neil B. Metcalfe, Kevin J. Parsons
Summary: Testing for divergent evolution in wild populations from different thermal environments is a powerful approach for predicting population responses to climate change.
Article
Developmental Biology
Samantha Beck, Katja Rasanen, Camille A. Leblanc, Skuli Skulason, Zophonias O. Jonsson, Bjarni K. Kristjansson
BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2020)