Article
Neurosciences
Bofan Wu, Andrew P. Bagshaw, Clayton Hickey, Simone Kuehn, Martin Wilson
Summary: Advances in magnetic resonance imaging have revealed the relationship between individual differences in the structure and function of the human brain and health and cognition. However, the relationship between individual differences and neuro-metabolite levels remains largely unexplored. This study measured metabolite levels and achieved high classification accuracy using machine learning and metabolomic methodology. These findings suggest the existence of neuro-metabolic phenotypes that can be measured using widely available technology.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jia-Qi Chen, Qingyu Zhang, Dandan Yu, Rui Bi, Yuhua Ma, Yijiang Li, Long-Bao Lv, Yong-Gang Yao
Summary: This study has identified a suitable milk substitute for artificial rearing of Chinese tree shrew pups, which has shown no obvious adverse effects on their survival, health, and reproductive performance compared to those reared by their mothers. This finding is of great importance in increasing the availability of Chinese tree shrews in laboratory research.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Lei Wang, Han Cao, Liu Yuan
Summary: Deeply mining semantic features is crucial for information extraction. Tree-structured models are linguistically attractive due to their linguistic representations of sentence syntactic structure. Gated mechanism variants are developed to address the limitations of the Tree-LSTM.
APPLIED SOFT COMPUTING
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xinlong Wang, Hashini Wanniarachchi, Anqi Wu, F. Gonzalez-Lima, Hanli Liu
Summary: Our study demonstrated significant changes in EEG power topography under prefrontal transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) with 1064-nm laser, suggesting that tPBM increased EEG alpha and beta powers, while thermal stimulation had opposite effects. The topographies of changes in EEG power between tPBM and thermal stimulation were significantly distinct. Our results provide evidence that laser-induced heat is not the mechanistic source for the increases in EEG power during and after tPBM.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Joshua Berger, Yanou Cui, Mathew Graham, Lina Necib, Gianluca Petrillo, Dane Stocks, Yun-Tse Tsai, Yue Zhao
Summary: Boosted dark matter (BDM) is a class of dark matter candidates in which a small component of DM is relativistic. We investigate BDM-nucleus scattering in detail using new event-generation techniques and parameterized detector simulations for hadronic interactions in LArTPCs. Our study focuses on the discovery potential in a DUNE-like experiment with low threshold and directionality of hadron detection compared to other experiments.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Rawil Fakhrullin, Laysan Nigamatzyanova, Golnur Fakhrullina
Summary: Nanoscale contaminants pose a significant threat to organisms and the environment, and traditional methods for detecting and identifying nanomaterials face challenges. Dark-field microscopy and hyperspectral imaging offer powerful tools for chemical characterization of nanoscale particles in wet samples, providing important advances in environmental nanotoxicology studies.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yuxi Wang, Minghao Wen, Yu Chen
Summary: This paper proposes a simplified model of Type 4 wind turbine generator based on the principle of internal active power balance, which uses a controlled voltage source to eliminate power electronic switches and DC links, significantly simplifying the traditional EMT model and improving simulation efficiency.
IET GENERATION TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
A. Romanenko, R. Harnik, A. R. Grassellino, R. Pilipenko, Y. Pischalnikov, Z. Liu, O. S. Melnychuk, B. Giaccone, O. Pronitchev, T. Khabiboulline, D. Frolov, S. Belomestnykh, A. Berlin, A. Hook
Summary: The study conducts the first light-shining-through-wall (LSW) search for dark photons using high-quality-factor superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities called Dark SRF. They establish a new exclusion limit and provide the world's best constraints on dark photons. This research serves as a proof of concept for the role of SRF cavities in LSW setups.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Renfei Chen, Chengyi Tu, Quan-Xing Liu
Summary: Research shows that marine reserves can be more beneficial than traditional strategies if target species have old ages at maturity and low adult survivorships. Additionally, there are multiple choices for fisheries management over short time scales when fisheries yields are measured by weight.
ECOLOGICAL MODELLING
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Ping-Nan Chen, Chia-Chiang Lee, Chang-Min Liang, Shu- Pao, Ke-Hao Huang, Ke-Feng Lin
Summary: This study tackles the issue of overfitting in deep learning for diabetic retinopathy diagnosis by using a 2-stage training method and employing techniques like SMOTE synthetic datasets and early stopping to reduce overfitting. The developed general deep learning model for detecting DR achieved good prediction accuracy on multiple datasets, providing a simple approach to address database imbalances in medical images.
BMC BIOINFORMATICS
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Ranjeet Kumar, D. Saxena
Summary: In this work, a new hybrid method combining high-frequency transient method and impedance based method is proposed for fault location in an unbalacened multi-lateral distribution network. This method accurately identifies the line section with fault and then utilizes impedance based method to locate the exact fault location. Simulation results demonstrate the proposed scheme's capability to accurately locate all shunt fault types.
COMPUTERS & ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniele Marzoli, Anita D'Anselmo, Gianluca Malatesta, Chiara Lucafo, Giulia Prete, Luca Tommasi
Summary: Although hand preference is the most well-known example of behavioral lateralization, there are many other functional asymmetries in humans, particularly when processing social stimuli. This paper reviews previous literature on these asymmetries and suggests possible links between them, highlighting the need for a comprehensive explanation in both ontogenetic and phylogenetic terms.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Shabbir Bawaji, Ujjaini Alam, Surajit Mondal, Divya Oberoi, Ayan Biswas
Summary: The solar corona is highly dynamic, and recent advancements in observational capabilities have led to the discovery of a new class of emissions known as weak impulsive narrowband quiet Sun emissions (WINQSEs). These emissions are hypothesized to be related to coronal nanoflares and may help solve the coronal heating problem. Multiple independent studies have followed up on this discovery by detecting WINQSEs in various data sets and investigating their properties. A machine learning-based algorithm is proposed to detect and classify WINQSEs based on their morphology, and the phenomenon of angular broadening observed suggests the presence of coronal scattering, providing new insights into coronal turbulence in the quiet Sun regions.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Angana Chakraborty, Maria Dainotti, Olivia Cantrell, Nicole Lloyd-Ronning
Summary: We analyzed two distinct samples of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), one with radio afterglow emission and one without. Using an updated sample of 211 GRBs, we found that the intrinsic gamma-ray duration (T-int) and isotropic equivalent energy (E-iso) distributions differ significantly between the two populations. We also observed a statistically significant anticorrelation between the jet opening angle and redshift, as well as between T-int and redshift, for both radio-bright and radio-dark GRBs.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Yong Fang, Xiangyu Zhou, Cheng Huang
Summary: The article introduces a detection model for malicious PowerShell scripts based on hybrid features, which analyzes the differences in text characters, functions, tokens, and nodes of the abstract syntax tree to classify malicious and benign samples. The model achieves high accuracy even in a complex dataset.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aurore A. Perrault, Abbas Khani, Charles Quairiaux, Konstantinos Kompotis, Paul Franken, Michel Muhlethaler, Sophie Schwartz, Laurence Bayer
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Dan Liu, Xiaoli Han, Xinxin Liu, Mengchun Cheng, Meixi He, Gregor Rainer, Huiyuan Gao, Xiaozhe Zhang
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
(2019)
Article
Neurosciences
H. Azimi, A-L Klaassen, K. Thomas, M. A. Harvey, G. Rainer
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Huiyuan Zhao, Shuai Huang, Sivakumar Palanisamy, Cui Wang, Gregor Rainer, Xiaozhe Zhang
PROTEOMICS CLINICAL APPLICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Arndt-Lukas Klaassen, Anne Heiniger, Pilar Vaca Sanchez, Michael A. Harvey, Gregor Rainer
Summary: The study found that optogenetic modulation of the ventral pallidum (VP) impacts task switching from internally to externally guided behaviors in rats. Excitation of the VP compromises task acquisition, while inhibition of the VP facilitates task learning and speeds up escape from the default mode network state.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Biology
Marta M. Dimanico, Arndt-Lukas Klaassen, Jing Wang, Melanie Kaeser, Michael Harvey, Bjorn Rasch, Gregor Rainer
Summary: In the study, sleep in tree shrews was investigated and compared to sleep in rats and humans using electrophysiological recordings. The research found significant homology in sleep structure between humans and tree shrews despite differences in body mass between the species. Tree shrews exhibited consolidated sleep with unique sleep characteristics, including distinct non-REM sleep stages.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Andres De la Rossa, Marine H. Laporte, Simone Astori, Thomas Marissal, Sylvie Montessuit, Preethi Sheshadri, Eva Ramos-Fernandez, Pablo Mendez, Abbas Khani, Charles Quairiaux, Eric B. Taylor, Jared Rutter, Jose Manuel Nunes, Alan Carleton, Michael R. Duchen, Carmen Sandi, Jean-Claude Martinou
Summary: Neuronal excitation relies on ATP from oxidative phosphorylation, and deficient oxidative phosphorylation can lead to hyperexcitability in neurons. Inhibiting GABA activity in mice with deficient mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) led to seizures and death, but providing ketone bodies restored energy and attenuated seizures. These findings provide insights into epilepsy and other neuropathologies associated with energy deficits.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Theodora Panagaki, Laura Lozano-Montes, Lucia Janickova, Karim Zuhra, Marcell P. Szabo, Tomas Majtan, Gregor Rainer, Damien Marechal, Yann Herault, Csaba Szabo
Summary: This study investigates the functional role of the cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS)/hydrogen sulfide (H2S) pathway in the pathogenesis of brain wave pattern alterations and neurobehavioral dysfunction in a rat model of Down syndrome (DS). The overexpression of CBS and subsequent overproduction of H2S in the brain of DS rats were observed. The study suggests that the CBS/H2S pathway contributes to the neurological dysfunction in DS through dysregulation of cellular bioenergetics and gene expression.
Article
Neurosciences
Wen Jia Chai, Aini Ismafairus Abd Hamid, Hazim Omar, Muhammad Riddha Abdul Rahman, Diana Noma Fitzrol, Zamzuri Idris, Abdul Rahman Izaini Ghani, Wan Nor Azlen Wan Mohamad, Faiz Mustafar, Muhammad Hafiz Hanafi, Regunath Kandasamy, Mohd Zaid Abdullah, Kannapha Amaruchkul, Pedro A. Valdes-Sosa, Maria L. Bringas-Vega, Bharat Biswal, Jitkomut Songsiri, Hamwira Yaacob, Haidi Ibrahim, Putra Sumari, Nor Azila Noh, Kamarul Imran Musa, Asma Hayati Ahmad, Azlinda Azman, Paramjit Singh Jamir Singh, Azizah Othman, Jafri Malin Abdullah
Summary: Working memory (WM) is a crucial cognitive process used for retaining and manipulating temporary information during complex cognitive tasks. Individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) often experience compromised WM, especially in the WM domain. This study investigated the brain responses of WM in participants with mild-moderate TBI compared to healthy controls using functional magnetic resonance imaging. The results showed that the TBI group exhibited activation dominance in the right hemisphere and slower reaction time during the task.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stephanie Kaeser-Pebernard, Christine Vionnet, Muriel Mari, Devanarayanan Siva Sankar, Zehan Hu, Carole Roubaty, Esther Martinez-Martinez, Huiyuan Zhao, Miguel Spuch-Calvar, Alke Petri-Fink, Gregor Rainer, Florian Steinberg, Fulvio Reggiori, Joern Dengjel
Summary: mTORC1, as a master regulator of cell growth, not only inhibits autophagic vesicle formation but also affects Golgi architecture and vesicle secretion by phosphorylating the scaffold protein SCYL1. This study reveals the multiple functions of mTORC1 at the subcellular level, which is important for understanding tumor cell proliferation and the pathogenesis of human genetic diseases.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Katrin S. Wendrich, Hamid Azimi, Jurgen A. Ripperger, Yann Ravussin, Gregor Rainer, Urs Albrecht
Summary: The sleep-wake cycle is regulated by the circadian clock and the sleep homeostat. It is not completely understood how these two systems interact. Evidence suggests that the clock gene Per2 may be involved in the sleep homeostatic process. Neurons and astroglial cells in the brain depend on each other metabolically and play a role in sleep regulation. The study found that mice lacking Per2 in all body cells displayed earlier sleep onset after sleep deprivation, while mice lacking Per2 in neurons or astroglial cells were normal in this regard. Systemic Per2 expression seems to be important for the sleep architecture, while neuronal and astroglial Per2 weakly affects sleep amount. The results indicate that Per2 contributes to the timing of the sleep response by delaying sleep onset after sleep deprivation and attenuating the early night rebound response.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Siti Atiyah Ali, Tahamina Begum, Mohammed Faruque Reza, Nor Asyikin Fadzil, Faiz Mustafar
MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2020)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Siti Atiyah Ali, Tahamina Begum, Faruque Reza, Nor Asyikin Fadzil, Faiz Mustafar
MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2020)
Article
Cell Biology
Laura Lozano-Montes, Marta Dimanico, Reza Mazloum, Wenxue Li, Jayakrishnan Nair, Michael Kintscher, Ralf Schneggenburger, Michael Harvey, Gregor Rainer
Article
Neurosciences
Abbas Khani, Florian Lanz, Gerard Loquet, Karl Schaller, Christoph Michel, Charles Quairiaux