Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Zhao-Jing Huang, Hao Li, Jia-Yi Luo, Shunxing Li, Fengjiao Liu
Summary: The rapid emergence of deep learning, such as deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs), has revolutionized colorimetric determination. However, the data-hungry nature of DCNNs limits its application. To overcome this, few-shot learning (FSL) is achieved by combining the generative adversarial network (GAN). By using GAN to generate 13,500 antagonistic samples as the training set, the accuracy is increased from 51.26% to 85.00%. The image quality generated by GAN is also superior to the commonly used convolution self-encoder method.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tianyi Huang, Simone B. Moos, Edward A. Boyle
Summary: Research findings in the eastern tropical North Pacific (ETNP) oxygen-deficient zone (ODZ) support theoretical and experimental studies predicting that lighter chromium is preferentially reduced in low-oxygen environments and residual dissolved chromium becomes heavier due to removal of particl-reactive Cr(III) on sinking particles. Microbial activity, dependent on sinking organic matter flux, may be the dominant mechanism for chromium transformation, rather than a simple inorganic chemical conversion.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Wojciech Dworzanski, Iwona Sembratowicz, Ewelina Cholewinska, Krzysztof Tutaj, Bartosz Fotschki, Jerzy Juskiewicz, Katarzyna Ognik
Summary: A high-fat diet may induce inflammation, while chromium compounds could stimulate the immune system in rats. However, chromium might also lead to an increase in inflammatory mediators and pro-apoptotic effects, suggesting a need for reevaluation of chromium as a dietary supplement.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Polymer Science
Xiaoqing Yuan, Jingxia Li, Lin Luo, Zhenyu Zhong, Xiande Xie
Summary: This study reviewed the mostly investigated polymeric materials for removing Cr(VI), emphasizing the strategies of assembling functional groups, reducing self-aggregation, and enhancing stability and mechanical strength to improve the performance of polymeric adsorbents. The maximum adsorption capacities of these polymers towards Cr(VI) ranged from 3.2 to 1185 mg/g according to the Langmuir isotherm model. Various mechanisms, including complexation, chelation, reduction, electrostatic attraction, anion exchange, and hydrogen bonding, were involved in the removal of Cr(VI). Factors such as pH, initial concentration, temperature, anions, and cations affected the adsorption of Cr(VI) and the regeneration of the adsorbents. The study provides insights for developing more robust polymeric adsorbents and promoting the treatment of Cr(VI)-containing wastewater.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Ziyao Fang, Wei Liu, Tao Yao, Gentao Zhou, Shiqiang Wei, Liping Qin
Summary: Chromium isotope compositions in marine carbonates have been used to trace the evolution of oxygen levels in the atmosphere and ocean. Recent studies have shown that chromium in natural carbonates is mostly in the form of trivalent chromium (Cr(III)). However, the behavior of Cr(III) in carbonate deposition environments is still not well understood. This study conducted coprecipitation experiments to investigate the behavior of Cr(III) with calcium carbonate. The results suggest that Cr(III) is incompatible with the calcite crystal lattice and is mostly adsorbed on the crystal surface or exists as amorphous Cr hydroxide. The presence of Cr(III) can also affect the polymorph selection of calcium carbonate, hindering its transformation to calcite. The findings indicate that post-depositional processes can greatly influence the Cr isotope compositions in sedimentary carbonates, and caution should be taken when using Cr isotope compositions for paleoenvironment reconstruction.
GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Gangrong Fu, Wei Hu, Weiping Xie, Xiaoying Yao, Jiang Xu, Ping Yang, Mingyin Yao
Summary: In this study, the combination of LIBS technology and mathematical models was used to analyze the heavy metal cadmium in rice, assess the risk status of rice, and propose a new method based on stress effects to improve the accuracy of cadmium content prediction.
ANALYTICAL METHODS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Haowen Zou, Jiawei Zhao, Feng He, Zhong Zhong, Jinsheng Huang, Yulin Zheng, Yue Zhang, Yicheng Yang, Fang Yu, M. Asaad Bashir, Bin Gao
Summary: A novel biochar/iron oxide composite was successfully prepared by ball milling iron-laden biochar, showing fast kinetics and large adsorption capacity for Cr(VI) removal. The composite performed well under acidic pH conditions, but the presence of competition ions inhibited the removal efficiency.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
David J. Janssen, Delphine Gilliard, Joerg Rickli, Philipp Nasemann, Andrea Koschinsky, Christel S. Hassler, Andrew R. Bowie, Michael J. Ellwood, Charlotte Kleint, Samuel L. Jaccard
Summary: Research has focused on the cycling of chromium in the ocean, specifically the influence of deep waters and sediment on the distribution of chromium. The study also examines the potential impact of hydrothermal vents on chromium cycling. The findings suggest that changes in other factors, such as widespread anoxia, may contribute to variations in chromium isotope composition in the paleorecord.
GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sana Ullah, Sajid Mahmood, Rehmat Ali, Muhammad Rizwan Khan, Kalsoom Akhtar, Nizamuddin Depar
Summary: The pot study evaluated the phytostabilization potential of two grass species, revealing that Leptochloa fusca showed better Cr bioaccumulation, MTI, BCF, and antioxidant activities compared to Brachiaria mutica. Therefore, L. fusca can be a good phytostabilizing agent for soils contaminated with lower to moderate levels of Cr.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Maria Hasan, Huy Q. Ta, Sami Ullah, Xiaoqin Yang, Jingping Luo, Alicja Bachmatiuk, Thomas Gemming, Barbara Trzebicka, Azhar Mahmood, Mengqi Zeng, Lei Fu, Lijun Liu, Mark H. Ruemmeli
Summary: The transition metal compounds of molybdenum and tungsten have been extensively studied materials after the isolation of graphene. Recently, the exciting magnetic properties of chromium have drawn attention to 2D chromium-based materials. This study provides an up-to-date summary of the experimental synthesis, characterization, and applications of 2D chromium-based compounds, and offers a perspective on their future development.
ARABIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yu Li, Lu Wei, Pengfei Zhang, Juan Xiao, Zhiqiang Guo, Qiongyao Fu
Summary: This study compared the bioaccumulation of organic and inorganic chromium in juvenile coral trout, with organic Cr (CrPic) groups generally accumulating the highest Cr content, followed by inorganic Cr (Cr(VI) and Cr(III)) groups.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jennifer M. M. Pyles, James M. M. Omweri, Suzanne E. E. Lapi
Summary: Mn-52 is a promising PET radiometal that can be produced from natural chromium using a specific reaction. However, to prevent the co-production of long-lived Mn-54, it is necessary to transition to enriched Cr-52 targets. This work aims to explore ways to prepare recyclable Cr targets for the production of high purity Mn-52.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Rodrigo de Almeida Silva, Marina Paula Secco, Jean Carlo Salome dos Santos Menezes, Ivo Andre Homrich Schneider, Richard Thomas Lermen
Summary: Coal is an abundant resource that can produce low-cost energy, but its usage has detrimental environmental effects. This study focuses on using Cr6+ as a reduction agent to convert Cr3+ in coal-mine waste, which contains pyrite. The results showed that the treatment system successfully reduced Cr6+ to Cr3+ and the resulting chromium sludge had similar characteristics to industrial pigment when used in ceramic glazes.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Wanzheng Ma, Hong Wang, Xiaoliang Li, Yongbing Cai
Summary: This study investigated the effects of six leaching agents on chromium elution from contaminated soil, finding that citric acid and oxalic acid had higher removal efficiencies. The combined eluent of oxalic acid and citric acid showed the best elution efficiency, with a total chromium removal rate of 62.0%. Citric acid is an environmentally friendly eluent that can avoid secondary pollution.
WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Dhoha R. Alshalawi, Jose M. Alonso, Angel R. Landa-Canovas, Patricia de la Presa
Summary: This study investigates the synthesis of different starting material ratios and finds that a highly pure Ca10Cr7O28 phase can be obtained with a CaO/Cr2O3 ratio of 2.85:1 instead of the commonly reported 3:1, showing that the incorrect stoichiometric ratio leads to distortion in the arrangement of magnetic ions in the Kagome lattice.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Chong-Su Kim
Summary: The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in brain function through the gut-brain axis. This review highlights the effects of gut microbiota-derived dietary metabolites on cell-to-cell interactions in the central nervous system, particularly microglia, astrocytes, and neuronal cells, affecting cognitive function, mood, and behavior. The review also discusses the potential of diet-induced microbial metabolite-based therapies as novel approaches to mental health treatment.
ADVANCES IN NUTRITION
(2024)
