Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Rachid Ramadan, Fabian Meischein, Hendrik Reimann
Summary: In this study, a neuromechanical model is proposed that combines movement goals and motor plans to allow for flexible adjustment of walking parameters. The model can walk with a wide range of gait patterns by choosing a small number of high-level control parameters, while keeping the parameters governing the low-level reflex loops fixed. The model is able to generalize learned behavior to gait patterns it had not encountered before, and can transition between different gaits without loss of balance by switching to a new set of control parameters in real time.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hayun Lee, Dipali G. Sashital
Summary: This review summarizes recent discoveries on CRISPR adaptation, focusing on the generation and incorporation mechanisms of functional spacers. Functional spacers generated by Cas effectors ensure a robust immune response and neutralize subsequent infections through RNA-guided interference pathways. Further research and solutions are needed for a more comprehensive understanding of CRISPR adaptation.
TRENDS IN BIOCHEMICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Hikaru Yokoyama, Naotsugu Kaneko, Atsushi Sasaki, Akira Saito, Kimitaka Nakazawa
Summary: Objective: This study investigated the firing behavior of motor units (MUs) in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle during slow walking using high-density surface electromyogram (HDsEMG) decomposition. Main results include gait phase-specific firing, doublet firings, and high MU synchronization during walking, which suggests flexible control of MU firing by the central nervous system during human walking.
JOURNAL OF NEURAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Thanh-Hai Nguyen, Ba-Viet Ngo, Thanh-Nghia Nguyen, Chi Cuong Vu
Summary: Soft sensors have gained significant attention for their versatility in practical projects. They have been applied in various aspects of life, including human-robot interfaces, flexible electronics, medical monitoring, and healthcare. However, most studies have focused on specific areas, leading to challenges in reliability, accuracy, and connectivity. This paper proposes a fabrication method for soft capacitive pressure sensors and evaluates their connection with traditional sensors and hardware components.
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Mark A. Schmuckler, Angelina Paolozza
Summary: Research on multisensory control of locomotion has shown that adults consciously adjust their walking pace when matching it with an auditory metronome. This study extends the investigation to young toddlers and adults, revealing that new walkers can also modify their gait in response to auditory input at or faster than their natural walking pace. The study also suggests that this modulation occurs automatically across ages, without explicit instructions to modify gait.
DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Ronan A. Mooney, Amy J. Bastian, Pablo A. Celnik
Summary: Learning similar motor skills in close succession is limited by interference due to unstable motor memories, which compete for neural resources. Prolonged training at the asymptote of an initial motor skill reduces interference when acquiring a second skill, with downregulation of excitatory neurotransmission in the primary motor cortex being a potential marker of online motor memory stabilization.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Myunghee Kim, Hyeongkeun Jeong, Prakyath Kantharaju, Dongyual Yoo, Michael Jacobson, Dongbin Shin, Changsoo Han, James L. Patton
Summary: This study demonstrates the importance of visual feedback in guiding users to adapt to wearable robot assistance, leading to a reduction in the metabolic cost of walking.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Masoumeh Safartoobi, Morteza Dardel, Hamidreza Mohammadi Daniali
Summary: This paper presents the application of an internal damping mechanism to the mathematical description of the simplest passive walking model, making walking natural and efficient. By using viscoelastic legs and precise boundary conditions, the biped starts walking from a stable condition and exhibits stable period-one gait cycles. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the overall effect of viscoelastic legs on passive walking is efficient in terms of stability and energy dissipation.
NONLINEAR DYNAMICS
(2022)
Article
Biology
Evan Cesanek, Zhaoran Zhang, James N. Ingram, Daniel M. Wolpert, J. Randall Flanagan
Summary: The study found that motor memories of object dynamics are organized categorically based on families, taking into account the covariation in visual and mechanical properties. This categorization predicts that outlier objects with weights deviating from the family-predicted weight will never be learned despite causing repeated errors.
Article
Neurosciences
Surabhi N. Simha, Jeremy D. Wong, Jessica C. Selinger, Sabrina J. Abram, J. Maxwell Donelan
Summary: The study investigated whether the nervous system can spontaneously adapt based on the gradient of energetic costs in a new environment. Findings showed that participants did not initiate adaptation spontaneously even in the steepest cost gradient. This suggests that the nervous system does not solely use the cost gradient to initiate adaptation in novel situations.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Chun-Kai Chen, Jin-Chieh Ho, Chih-Chien Hung, Wei-Cheng Chen, Toshifumi Satoh, Wen-Chang Chen
Summary: In this study, an environmentally friendly floating-gate electret made entirely from biomass-derived materials was designed for photonic memories. The photosensitive hemin and its derivative protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) were successfully embedded in a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix, affecting the photosensitivity and charge-trapping capacity of the prepared electrets. The device exhibited a memory ratio of up to 2.5 x 10(7) with photo-writing-electrical-erasing characteristics, and sustained memory performance for at least 10(4) s after light removal was observed on a bio-derived dielectric flexible substrate.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Peng Zhang, Xiaofei Wang, Yuxia Li, Kun Zhang, Liangsong Huang
Summary: This study designs a flexible pressure sensor with stable mechanical properties and high sensitivity. The sensor shows improved performance and reduced packaging difficulty through structural design and fabrication process improvement. A human plantar pressure monitoring system based on this sensor is constructed, and the support vector machine algorithm is used for recognizing human walking features.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Yogev Koren, Evgeni Rozenfeld, Itzik Elefant, Nabil Khir, Elon Glassberg, Shani Batcir
Summary: The study showed that under cognitive load, stride duration and length increased, while the variability of these parameters decreased. The effects differed based on whether participants started walking with or without cognitive loading.
Article
Neurosciences
Tomotaka Ito, Masanori Kamiue, Tomonori Kihara, Yuta Ishimaru, Daisuke Kimura, Akio Tsubahara
Summary: This study found that visual attention and motion visibility have different activation manners on motor resonance during cyclic gait observation.
Letter
Behavioral Sciences
Rodrigo Quian Quiroga
Summary: Although disagreeing with Suthana and colleagues, the author appreciates their comment, which spurs an important discussion on how memories are coded in the human hippocampus and how it differs from other species. The author believes there might be no pattern separation in the human hippocampus, contrary to the claims of Suthana et al.
TRENDS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biology
Kristan A. Leech, Ryan T. Roemmich
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Neurosciences
Kristan A. Leech, Kevin A. Day, Ryan T. Roemmich, Amy J. Bastian
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ryan Roemmich, Jaimie A. Roper, Robert S. Eisinger, Jackson N. Cagle, Lauren Maine, Wissam Deeb, Aparna Wagle Shukla, Christopher W. Hess, Aysegul Gunduz, Kelly D. Foote, Michael S. Okun, Chris J. Hass
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2019)
Article
Neurosciences
Jaimie A. Roper, Sarah A. Brinkerhoff, Benjamin R. Harrison, Abigail C. Schmitt, Ryan T. Roemmich, Chris J. Hass
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Purnima Padmanabhan, Keerthana Sreekanth Rao, Shivam Gulhar, Kendra M. Cherry-Allen, Kristan A. Leech, Ryan T. Roemmich
JOURNAL OF NEUROENGINEERING AND REHABILITATION
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
Michael G. Browne, Cameron S. Smock, Ryan T. Roemmich
Summary: The study found that when one leg is constrained, people may prefer to adopt an asymmetric gait to minimize metabolic power, rather than maintaining bilateral symmetry. This asymmetric walking pattern may be more energy-efficient, especially when the constraint is large.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Jan Stenum, Cristina Rossi, Ryan T. Roemmich
Summary: The author suggests that novel pose estimation algorithms can automatically track human movement for analyzing human gait, moving away from the dependence on laboratories. Their research shows that their workflow can accurately estimate gait parameters, and discusses the impact of camera viewpoint on the results.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hannah L. Cornman, Jan Stenum, Ryan T. Roemmich
Summary: The study evaluated a pose estimation approach for measuring repetitive movements in healthy adults across a range of tasks and movement frequencies. The results showed that the method accurately tracked repetitive movements and demonstrated strong correlations with manual measurements.
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Jan Stenum, Kendra M. Cherry-Allen, Connor O. Pyles, Rachel D. Reetzke, Michael F. Vignos, Ryan T. Roemmich
Summary: The emergence of pose estimation algorithms has revolutionized the study and assessment of human movement, offering a wide range of applications in improving human health and performance through automatic tracking of videos recorded from common devices.
Article
Neurosciences
Robert E. Kambic, Ryan T. Roemmich, Amy J. Bastian
Summary: In this study, the coordination of limb movements during asymmetric gait was examined using a split-belt treadmill. The findings showed that most changes in motion occurred when comparing motions between limbs rather than among joints within a limb. This suggests that the nervous system can achieve new gait patterns by utilizing consistent joint motions that are reconfigured in time.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Purnima Padmanabhan, Agostina Casamento-Moran, Aram Kim, Anthony J. Gonzalez, Alexander Pantelyat, Ryan T. Roemmich, Vikram S. Chib
Summary: Our study investigates how the nervous system translates physical exertion into assessments of effort, focusing on the role of dopamine. We found that in a dopamine-depleted state, participants exhibited increased variation in exertion and over-reported their levels of effort. Dopamine was found to have a protective influence, reducing the extent to which exertion variability affected effort assessments.
NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Michael G. Browne, Jan Stenum, Purnima Padmanabhan, Ryan T. Roemmich
Summary: The research found that simple adjustments in treadmill speed can selectively change gait symmetry. The study discovered that different patterns of gait asymmetry emerged depending on the timing of the speed change. Future research will explore the potential of this technique to restore gait symmetry in clinical populations.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Lily J. Koffman, Ciprian M. Crainiceanu, Ryan T. Roemmich, Margaret A. French
Summary: This study identified clinically meaningful subgroups of individuals poststroke by quantifying physical activity using wearable devices that measure heart rate and step count.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Natalia Sanchez, Nicolas Schweighofer, Sara J. Mulroy, Ryan T. Roemmich, Trisha M. Kesar, Gelsy Torres-Oviedo, Beth E. Fisher, James M. Finley, Carolee J. Winstein
Summary: Walking patterns in stroke survivors are highly heterogeneous and can be systematically classified into distinct clusters based on spatiotemporal and force data. Future interventions can target the characteristics of each cluster to improve mobility in people post-stroke.
NEUROREHABILITATION AND NEURAL REPAIR
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ryan T. Roemmich, Kristan A. Leech, Anthony J. Gonzalez, Amy J. Bastian
NEUROREHABILITATION AND NEURAL REPAIR
(2019)