期刊
MATERIALS
卷 11, 期 4, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ma11040522
关键词
implantable materials; low-profile bioelectronics; micro/nanofabrication; medical devices; biodegradable materials; miniaturization
类别
资金
- Central Research Development Fund at the University of Pittsburgh
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology (IEN) at Georgia Institute of Technology
- Fundamental Research Program of Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS) [PNK5061]
- Marcus Foundation
- Georgia Research Alliance
- Georgia Tech Foundation
The rapid development of micro/nanofabrication technologies to engineer a variety of materials has enabled new types of bioelectronics for health monitoring and disease diagnostics. In this review, we summarize widely used electronic materials in recent low-profile implantable systems, including traditional metals and semiconductors, soft polymers, biodegradable metals, and organic materials. Silicon-based compounds have represented the traditional materials in medical devices, due to the fully established fabrication processes. Examples include miniaturized sensors for monitoring intraocular pressure and blood pressure, which are designed in an ultra-thin diaphragm to react with the applied pressure. These sensors are integrated into rigid circuits and multiple modules; this brings challenges regarding the fundamental material's property mismatch with the targeted human tissues, which are intrinsically soft. Therefore, many polymeric materials have been investigated for hybrid integration with well-characterized functional materials such as silicon membranes and metal interconnects, which enable soft implantable bioelectronics. The most recent trend in implantable systems uses transient materials that naturally dissolve in body fluid after a programmed lifetime. Such biodegradable metallic materials are advantageous in the design of electronics due to their proven electrical properties. Collectively, this review delivers the development history of materials in implantable devices, while introducing new bioelectronics based on bioresorbable materials with multiple functionalities.
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