Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Umit Agbulut
Summary: The study forecasts CO2 emissions and energy demand in Turkey's transportation sector using machine learning algorithms, showing significant increases in both by 2050. The paper emphasizes the need for policymakers to establish various measures and challenges to mitigate energy consumption and emissions from the transportation sector.
SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION
(2022)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Lishan Sun, Tong Zhang, Shuli Liu, Kun Wang, Tom Rogers, Liya Yao, Pengfei Zhao
Summary: The paper reviews the policies and regulations in Beijing's transportation sector, focusing on the implementation of various measures and summarizing the lessons learned. The key finding suggests that the implementation of driving restriction policy can significantly restrain pollutants emissions, emphasizing the need to pay more attention to emissions from private cars as well.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xinxin Zhang, Zhenlei Li, Jingfu Wang
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the transportation industry in China, affecting energy consumption and CO2 emissions of both fuel vehicles and battery electric vehicles. Compared to the SARS epidemic, COVID-19 had a larger impact on transportation energy consumption and emissions. Energy conservation and emission reduction efforts are still needed after the pandemic, and the findings will provide valuable reference for the government in promoting energy conservation and emission reduction in the transportation sector.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Rafael Fernandes Mosquim, Carlos Eduardo Keutenedjian Mady
Summary: The study analyzes the exergy efficiencies of the Brazilian passenger vehicle fleet from 1970 to 2020, revealing low efficiencies but an improvement trend in recent years, with a reversal in the decrease of transportation service required around 2010.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Masnun Mahi, Izlin Ismail, Seuk Wai Phoong, Che Ruhana Isa
Summary: The research shows a growth trend in publications from 2006 onwards, coinciding remarkably with the implementation phase of the Kyoto protocol in 2005. Therefore, we observe that EE research is strongly associated with issues such as CO2 emissions, climate change, sustainability, and the growing importance of these issues in recent years.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Musrat Nazir, Khalid Zaman, Shiraz Khan, Abdelmohsen A. Nassani, Haroon ur Rashid Khan, Mohamed Haffar
Summary: The logistics business is vital for economic development but also a major contributor to carbon emissions. This study examines the impact of the Chinese logistics sector on Pakistan's GDP and carbon emissions. The results indicate that China's logistics industry affects Pakistan's economic development and carbon emissions in both the short and long term.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Mohd Shahidan Shaari, Wen Chiat Lee, Abdul Rahim Ridzuan, Evan Lau, Faiz Masnan
Summary: The global push for sustainable development has highlighted the importance of minimizing environmental deterioration, particularly through reducing energy consumption. However, little research has been done on the specific sectors such as agriculture and transportation, and their connection to CO2 emissions. This study investigates the impacts of energy use in Malaysia's transportation, industrial, and agricultural sectors and foreign direct investment (FDI) on CO2 emissions, finding that energy consumption in the transportation sector has a greater impact on CO2 emissions than in the industrial sector, while energy use in the agricultural sector reduces CO2 emissions.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Ann R. Stavert, Marielle Saunois, Josep G. Canadell, Benjamin Poulter, Robert B. Jackson, Pierre Regnier, Ronny Lauerwald, Peter A. Raymond, George H. Allen, Prabir K. Patra, Peter Bergamaschi, Phillipe Bousquet, Naveen Chandra, Philippe Ciais, Adrian Gustafson, Misa Ishizawa, Akihiko Ito, Thomas Kleinen, Shamil Maksyutov, Joe McNorton, Joe R. Melton, Jurek Mueller, Yosuke Niwa, Shushi Peng, William J. Riley, Arjo Segers, Hanqin Tian, Aki Tsuruta, Yi Yin, Zhen Zhang, Bo Zheng, Qianlai Zhuang
Summary: The ongoing development of the Global Carbon Project (GCP) global methane (CH4) budget shows a continuation of increasing CH4 emissions and accumulation in the atmosphere during 2000-2017, with major contributions from specific regions such as China, Southeast Asia, USA, South Asia, and Brazil. Factors such as coal mining, waste disposal, and livestock emissions are driving increases in CH4 emissions, while Europe, Korea, and Japan are showing declines.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Muhammad Umar, Xiangfeng Ji, Dervis Kirikkaleli, Andrew Adewale Alola
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between CO2 emissions in the transportation sector of the USA and biomass energy consumption, fossil fuel energy consumption, and economic growth, finding that biomass energy consumption and real GDP have a negative impact on CO2 emissions, while increasing fossil fuel energy consumption leads to higher CO2 emissions from the transportation sector.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hamidreza Abediasl, Navid Balazadeh Meresht, Hossein Alizadeh, Mahdi Shahbakhti, Charles Robert Koch, Vahid Hosseini
Summary: Cold climate has a negative impact on vehicle emissions and energy consumption, particularly in low temperatures where after-treatment systems and batteries may not perform optimally. Battery electric vehicles may experience a range reduction of less than 60% at an ambient temperature of 15 degrees Celsius, while conventional fuel vehicles may witness significant increases in emissions.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Muhammad Tayyab Sohail, Sana Ullah, Muhammad Tariq Majeed, Ahmed Usman
Summary: The study reveals that there is an asymmetric impact of air-railway transportation on environmental pollution in Pakistan, where an increase in air passenger and railway passenger carried contributes to increased carbon emissions. Moreover, there is asymmetry in the short-term impact of railway passenger carried on environmental pollution.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tangyang Jiang, Yang Yu, Bo Yang
Summary: With China's focus on green and low-carbon development, the transportation industry still has high carbon emissions. This study examines the carbon emissions and reduction effects of China's transportation industry in the early and late stages of economic new normal. The findings highlight the importance of optimizing energy consumption structure and utilizing low-carbon energy sources for emissions reduction, while the input structure effect has less impact. Furthermore, the final demand effect is identified as the main driving factor for CO2 emissions growth in the transportation industry.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Nitin Ralph Pochont, Y. Raja Sekhar
Summary: In recent decades, passenger vehicles with four wheels have become the primary mode of transportation due to rapid urbanization. The demand for sustainable transportation has led to the development of alternative energy sources, including integrating photovoltaics within vehicles, especially in tropical climates. However, reliability issues and the lack of exploration in advanced photovoltaic systems and module integration in Vehicle Integrated Photovoltaics (VIPV) pose challenges for these vehicles. This comprehensive review examines the concepts and technologies utilized in passenger vehicles and explores the optimization of electric charge and the potential of emerging solar cells. It also discusses the technical challenges and suggests future research directions for VIPV.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Lingchun Hou, Yuanping Wang, Yingheng Zheng, Aomei Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between vehicle ownership, economic growth, and environmental pressure on the Chongqing transportation industry (CQTI) and presents a comprehensive analysis and forecast using multiple models and scenarios. The results show an inverse N-shaped relationship between car ownership, economic growth, and environmental pressure, with specific quantitative effects of transportation output, urbanization rate, and car ownership on carbon emissions. The study also highlights the need for improvements in the energy and transportation structure of CQTI as well as the integration of energy-saving and emission reduction measures.
Review
Environmental Sciences
M. Matti Maricq
Summary: Spark ignition gasoline vehicles, especially gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles, have become high PM emitters, leading to the need for new PM emissions standards. This review examines the technological advances and non-exhaust PM sources in gasoline vehicles, providing essential information for the debate on the future of internal combustion engines and electric vehicles.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Weichang Yuan, H. Christopher Frey
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tongchuan Wei, H. Christopher Frey
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Tanzila Khan, H. Christopher Frey, Nikhil Rastogi, Tongchuan Wei
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Md Shakhaoat Hossain, H. Christopher Frey, Peter K. K. Louie, Alexis K. H. Lau
Summary: The study evaluated the health effects of pollutant changes in Hong Kong using the AQHI model. It was found that in urban areas with dense traffic, there was a significant reduction in AR associated with NO2 and O-3 changes, leading to an overall reduction in total AR across Hong Kong. It suggests that efforts to reduce NOx, SO2, and PM emissions should be continued for public health protection.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Gurdas S. Sandhu, H. Christopher Frey, Shannon Bartelt-Hunt, Elizabeth Jones
Summary: This study focuses on the fuel use and tailpipe exhaust emissions of compressed natural gas (CNG) refuse trucks, finding that front-loader trucks have better fuel economy and lower emission rates compared to side-loader trucks. Compared to diesel trucks, CNG trucks have lower NOx and PM emission rates but higher CO and HC rates.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Tongchuan Wei, H. Christopher Frey
Summary: Quantification of light-duty gasoline vehicle (LDGV) tailpipe emission rates can be accurately estimated using simplified and micro portable emission measurement systems. Various methods for estimating engine volumetric efficiency (VE) impact the accuracy of emission rate estimation, with intra-vehicle and inter-vehicle variability also affecting the estimates.
JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Nikhil Rastogi, H. Christopher Frey
Summary: This study aims to quantify spatial variability in locomotive fuel use and emission rates through real-world measurements, and identify differentiating factors between hotspots and non-hotspots. The research found that hotspots are typically associated with low-to-medium speed, high acceleration and grade, and are usually located near populated areas, potentially exacerbating air pollutant exposure.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Md Shakhaoat Hossain, Wenwei Che, H. Christopher Frey, Alexis K. H. Lau
Summary: The study found that the majority of urban residents live in places with air quality exceeding World Health Organization guidelines. Ventilation practices play a significant role in the infiltration of outdoor pollutants into indoor environments. Further investigation is needed to improve understanding of infiltration process of chemically reactive gases such as NO2 and O-3.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Studies
Weichang Yuan, H. Christopher Frey
Summary: The study quantified fuel use and emissions of diesel commuter rail systems, identifying key variables that explain 74-80% of FUERs variability, with hotspots having 7-8 times greater FUERs than non-hotspots. Eco-driving can reduce fuel use and emissions, but may increase microscopic fuel use and emissions at some locations.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tongchuan Wei, H. Christopher Frey
Summary: The study found that modal shift from private vehicles to transit buses has the potential to reduce energy use and emissions from on-road passenger transport. Comparisons between these modes may be sensitive to factors such as vehicle size, fuel and powertrains, passenger load, and travel routes. Generally, bus emission rates on actual routes are higher than on hypothetical routes, while fully occupied buses are estimated to have significantly lower emissions per passenger-trip compared to single-occupancy private vehicles.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Studies
Weichang Yuan, Christopher Frey, Tongchuan Wei
Summary: Eco-driving has the potential to reduce fuel consumption and emissions for light-duty gasoline vehicles. This study quantifies the potential reduction of fuel consumption and emission rates at the route and segment level through eco-driving. The results show that eco-driving can reduce fuel consumption and emission rates by 6-40% compared to average rates. Moreover, eco-driving typically reduces air emissions and may also reduce segment-level fuel consumption and emission rates.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Michael S. S. Breen, Yadong Xu, H. Christopher Frey, Miyuki Breen, Vlad Isakov
Summary: This study extends the MicroTrac model and evaluates the ability to determine time spent in microenvironments using geolocation data from smartphones. Results show that the MEs were correctly classified for 98.1% and 98.3% of the time using smartphones and GPS loggers, respectively. This study demonstrates the potential of using ubiquitous smartphone data with MicroTrac to reduce time-location uncertainty in air pollution exposure models for epidemiological and exposure field studies.
JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jiangchuan Hu, H. Christopher Frey, Behdad Yazdani Boroujeni
Summary: For light-duty gasoline vehicles equipped with catalytic converters, hot-stabilized tailpipe emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) are well controlled. However, there is a lack of real-world measurements for cold starts. This study measured the emissions of 37 vehicles during idling cold starts, hot-stabilized trips, and driving cold starts. It found that cold starts contribute substantially to total exhaust mass emissions, and driver decisions regarding driving versus idling can significantly affect the contribution of cold starts, especially for CO and NOx.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Kyoungho Ahn, Ahmed Aredah, Hesham A. Rakha, Tongchuan Wei, H. Christopher Frey
Summary: This paper introduces a simple diesel train energy consumption model based on vehicle operational input variables, which can be easily obtained from GPS loggers. The model was tested against real-world data and showed good accuracy, with a total error of -1.33% for all data and varying errors for different train datasets. The study also validated the model with separate data, yielding a relative error of -1.55% for total energy consumption. The proposed model can be useful for evaluating energy consumption effects and conducting train simulations in transportation planning.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nikhil Rastogi, H. Christopher Frey, Tongchuan Wei
Summary: The objective of this study is to model the fuel use and emission rates of passenger locomotives with spatial resolution, identify emissions hotspots, and propose strategies to reduce fuel use and emissions. The research findings show that acceleration, grade, and drag are the major factors affecting fuel use, and emissions hotspots have significantly higher emission rates compared to non-hotspot segments. By dispatching energy-efficient locomotives, using biodiesel blends, and operating on low-power demand trajectories, trip fuel use and emissions can be reduced by 13% to 49%.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)