Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Philipp Isserstedt, Christian S. Fischer, Thorsten Steinert
Summary: The method presented allows for the computation of thermodynamic quantities within different models independent of the truncation method. It has been successfully applied in a Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model and in (2+1)-flavor quantum chromodynamics, although there are limitations to consider.
Review
Physics, Nuclear
Claudia Ratti
Summary: This article reviews the current state of the art in the equation of state for strongly interacting matter, considering both zero and finite chemical potential. Various approaches are discussed, including Taylor expansion, analytical continuation from imaginary chemical potential, and a novel expansion scheme that allows for an extended coverage in baryonic chemical potential. Additionally, lattice-based methods are introduced for studying the thermodynamics near the critical point.
PROGRESS IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Travis Dore, Jamie M. Karthein, Isaac Long, Debora Mroczek, Jacquelyn Noronha-Hostler, Paolo Parotto, Claudia Ratti, Yukari Yamauchi
Summary: In this study, the lensing effect of the QCD critical point on hydrodynamic trajectories and its impact on the net-proton kurtosis kappa 4 are investigated. The size and shape of the critical region are found to directly determine the survival of the signal during the dynamical evolution.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Rene Bellwied, Claudia Ratti, Szabolcs Borsanyi, Paolo Parotto, Zoltan Fodor, Jana N. Guenther, Sandor D. Katz, Attila Pasztor, David Pesznyak, Kalman K. Szabo
Summary: Researchers used first principle lattice simulations to calculate corrections to the ideal HRG model and evaluated the fugacity expansion coefficients. By conducting a two-dimensional scan on the imaginary baryon number chemical potential and strangeness chemical potential plane, they successfully achieved their goal and reproduced the trend seen in experimental data.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Matthew C. Edwards
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between rotating core collapse gravitational wave signals and nuclear equation of state using deep convolutional neural networks. By classifying and predicting 1824 simulated data, the study achieved high accuracy in determining the nuclear equation of state.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Marco Hofmann, Barbara Drossel
Summary: This study explores how a finite-temperature environment can localize wave functions, finding that a unique description of an open quantum system in terms of wave functions is not possible without considering feedback between the wave function and the environment. Additionally, the decrease of wave packet width for the quantum state diffusion model with increasing noise strength is slower than that of the phase coherence length.
NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Jun-Hui Zheng, Lijia Jiang
Summary: This study investigates the spatially nonuniform-temperature effects on the QCD chiral phase transition in heavy-ion collisions, revealing a potential increase in the phase transition temperature, enhanced fluctuations and correlation length in the transition region, and strong suppression of critical phenomena. The underlying mechanism involves fluctuations of the order parameter induced by nonuniform temperature, providing insight into evaluating these effects and their potential impact on analyzing QCD phase transition signals at RHIC.
Review
Physics, Nuclear
Akihiko Monnai, Bjorn Schenke, Chun Shen
Summary: The study reviews the equation of state of QCD matter at finite densities, emphasizing the importance of the interplay of multiple conserved charges in understanding dense nuclear matter. Various models of the QCD equation of state are discussed for comparison.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
J. M. Karthein, D. Mroczek, A. R. Nava Acuna, J. Noronha-Hostler, P. Parotto, D. R. P. Price, C. Ratti
Summary: The presented strangeness-neutral equation of state for QCD matches lattice QCD results and is suitable for describing systems in heavy-ion collisions, showing critical behavior and applicability to phase II of the Beam Energy Scan at RHIC.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL PLUS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
J. M. Karthein, V Koch, C. Ratti, V. Vovchenko
Summary: The study simultaneously incorporates two common extensions of the hadron resonance gas model, emphasizing their complementary nature and identifying methods to constrain them separately. By analyzing various susceptibilities ratios, it can distinguish between the baryon spectrum and repulsive interactions.
Review
Physics, Applied
Kyle Cranmer, Gurtej Kanwar, Sebastien Racaniere, Danilo J. Rezende, Phiala E. Shanahan
Summary: Sampling from known probability distributions is a common task in computational science and has applications in various domains. Generative machine-learning models have been successful in image, text, and audio generation, but face challenges and opportunities in scientific domains due to unique structures and requirements. This Perspective discusses the advances in ML-based sampling driven by lattice quantum field theory, particularly in quantum chromodynamics. It highlights the potential of ML algorithms to enable intractable first-principles calculations in particle physics, nuclear physics, and condensed matter physics.
NATURE REVIEWS PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Yong-rui Chen, Rui Wen, Wei-jie Fu
Summary: In this study, the QCD phase structure and critical dynamics related to the 3-d O(4) and Z(2) symmetry universality classes were explored using the functional renormalization group approach. Critical exponents were calculated and it was found that the size of the critical regime in the QCD phase diagram is very small. The results obtained are in quantitative agreement with those from other approaches such as the conformal bootstrap, Monte Carlo simulations, and d = 3 perturbation expansion.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Plamen G. Krastev
Summary: Understanding the equation of state of dense neutron-rich matter is a major challenge in physics and astrophysics. Neutron star observations provide valuable insights into the behavior of dense neutron-rich matter. This work demonstrates the feasibility of using deep learning techniques to accurately determine the equation of state and related nuclear matter properties from neutron star observations.
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Niyazi Furkan Bar, Hasan Yetis, Mehmet Karakose
Summary: Nowadays, machine learning techniques are widely applied to various fields, and the idea of using quantum computing to solve problems is gaining popularity. Researchers are experimenting with quantum circuits in machine learning methods to overcome the limitations of qubits. In this study, a variational quantum circuit (VQC) using amplitude encoding is proposed and applied to a navigation problem, showing promising performance.
QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
R. M. Moita, J. P. B. C. de Melo, T. Frederico, W. de Paula
Summary: The pion structure in Minkowski space is explored using the Nakanishi integral representation. A general framework for the pion Bethe-Salpeter amplitude is developed, and an ansatz for the pseudoscalar vertex fulfilling the axial Ward-Takahashi identity is utilized. Nakanishi weight functions are derived for the scalar amplitudes associated with the decomposition of the pion Bethe-Salpeter amplitude.
Editorial Material
Nuclear Science & Technology
Xin-Nian Wang
NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Zhong Yang, Tan Luo, Wei Chen, Longgang Pang, Xin-Nian Wang
Summary: The diffusion wake accompanying the jet-induced Mach cone is a powerful tool for probing the properties of quark-gluon plasma in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. In this study, we investigate the 3D structure of the diffusion wake induced by gamma-triggered jets in PbPb collisions at the LHC energy using a coupled linear Boltzmann transport and hydro model. We identify a valley structure caused by the diffusion wake, which deepens with the jet energy loss, as a distinctive signal of the wake.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Branislav Balinovic, Renan Hirayama, Hannah Elfner
Summary: In this study, the emergence of collisional broadening of hadrons under the influence of different media is explored using the SMASH approach. The effect of different processes and the response of the medium to vacuum assumptions are quantified. It is found that the decay width depending on resonance mass leads to a larger broadening.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Yi-Lin Cheng, Shuzhe Shi, Yu-Gang Ma, Horst Stoecker, Kai Zhou
Summary: Relativistic collision is useful for distinguishing nucleon distributions in isobaric systems with the same mass number. Recent experiments contrastively measured the ratios of multiplicity distribution, elliptic flow, triangular flow, and radial flow in collisions of 96 44Ru+96 44Ru and 96 40Zr+96, showing significant differences and indicating shape differences in the isobar pairs. This study investigates the feasibility of nuclear structure reconstruction from heavy-ion collision observables using Bayesian inference and the Monte Carlo Glauber model, and provides mock data for reconstruction. By varying the combination of observables in the mock data, it is possible to infer Woods-Saxon parameters from the observables. It is also found that the multiplicity distribution of the individual isobar system, rather than its ratio, is crucial for determining the nuclear structure simultaneously.
Proceedings Paper
Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
Roman Poberezhnyuk, Volodymyr Voychenko, Oleh Savchuki, Volker Koch, Mark Gorenstein, Horst Stoecker
Summary: Subensemble is a statistical ensemble that generalizes the grand canonical and canonical ensembles. The subensemble acceptance method (SAM) provides general formulas to correct the cumulants of distributions in heavy-ion collisions for the global conservation of all QCD charges. The method is applicable for an arbitrary equation of state and sufficiently large systems, such as those created in central collisions of heavy ions. New fluctuation measures insensitive to global conservation effects are presented, with main results demonstrated in the contexts of the hadron resonance gas and van der Waals fluid frameworks.
20TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON STRANGENESS IN QUARK MATTER, SQM 2022
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical
Shriya Soma, Lingxiao Wang, Shuzhe Shi, Horst Stoecker, Kai Zhou
Summary: We present a novel technique that uses physics-driven deep learning to reconstruct the dense matter equation of state from neutron star observables. The proposed framework involves two neural networks: one for optimizing the equation of state using Automatic Differentiation in an unsupervised learning scheme, and a pre-trained network for solving the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equations. The gradient-based optimization process incorporates a Bayesian approach into the framework. The reconstructed equation of state is consistent with conventional methods and the resulting tidal deformation agrees with limits from the gravitational wave event GW170817.
20TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON STRANGENESS IN QUARK MATTER, SQM 2022
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Yu Fu, Jorge Casalderrey-Solana, Xin-Nian Wang
Summary: Gradient jet tomography in high-energy heavy-ion collisions studies the asymmetric transverse momentum broadening of a propagating parton in an inhomogeneous medium. By considering the evolution of the Wigner distribution for a propagating parton in medium, the evolution operator in the transverse direction can be expressed as a functional integration over all classical trajectories. The transverse momentum broadening due to the inhomogeneity saturates at late times.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Joao Barata, Andrey V. Sadofyev, Xin-Nian Wang
Summary: We study gradient corrections to the transport equation for energetic light partons in dense QCD environments. In the diffusion limit, the transport dynamics is solely controlled by small-angle elastic scatterings, leading to transverse momentum broadening with respect to the parton's initial direction. Such a parton propagation is usually considered in the limit of transversely homogeneous matter.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Volodymyr A. Kuznietsov, Oleh Savchuk, Roman Poberezhnyuk, Volodymyr Vovchenko, Mark I. Gorenstein, Horst Stoecker
Summary: Molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate the effect of liquid-gas mixed phase on particle number fluctuations in a finite nonrelativistic system with Lennard-Jones potential. A nucleation region of the mixed phase, known as the metastable region, is analyzed using a noninteracting cluster model. Large fluctuations caused by spinodal decomposition are observed, which are influenced by the size of the acceptance region and the liquid phase. A simple geometric model is utilized to study these effects, and the results are compared with direct molecular dynamic simulations.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Jan Hammelmann, Hannah Elfner
Summary: Understanding the phase diagram of QCD through fluctuations of conserved charges is a main goal in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC. In this study, we use the SMASH hadronic transport approach to calculate the effects of hadronic interactions and momentum cuts on cumulants of conserved charges up to fourth order. We find modifications in the kurtosis due to charge annihilation processes and dynamical correlations in simplified systems, and provide results for net baryon and net proton fluctuations in systems with zero and finite baryon chemical potential.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Shriya Soma, Lingxiao Wang, Shuzhe Shi, Horst Stoecker, Kai Zhou
Summary: Neutron star observables, such as masses, radii, and tidal deformability, provide valuable insights into the equation of state (EoS) of dense matter. A new deep learning method that utilizes an automatic differentiation framework for solving inverse problems is introduced. The trained neural network EoS produces precise relationships between pressure, speed of sound, and mass density, consistent with conventional approaches and the observed bound on tidal deformability from the gravitational wave event, GW170817.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
D. N. Poenaru, H. Stoecker, R. A. Gherghescu
Summary: This study investigates superheavy nuclei for the synthesis of isotopes with Z = 119,120. An interesting experiment was carried out at the velocity filter SHIP (GSI Darmstadt) in an attempt to produce 299120 through the fusion reaction 258Cm(54Cr,3n)299120. Alpha decay half-lives are calculated using four models: AKRA, ASAF, UNIV, and semFIS. The energy release (Q) is calculated using the theoretical model of atomic masses WS4.
ROMANIAN REPORTS IN PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Renan Hirayama, Jan Staudenmaier, Hannah Elfner
Summary: In this study, the effective spectral functions of the p meson are reconstructed by considering its lifetimes inside different media using the SMASH model. The analysis of the p meson lifetimes allows for quantifying the broadening of the decay width and spectral function, which is important for distinguishing dynamical effects from genuine medium modifications. The results show a correlation between the broadening of the spectral function and the system size in a thermalized system, indicating a dependence on the local hadron density.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Man Xie, Weiyao Ke, Hanzhong Zhang, Xin-Nian Wang
Summary: Bayesian statistical inference is a powerful tool for model-data comparisons and parameter extractions. Existing methods may introduce fictitious constraints, but our proposed information field approach avoids this issue. We applied this approach to globally infer the temperature dependence of the jet transport coefficient q from experimental data.
