Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Dowin Boatright, Nientara Anderson, Jung G. Kim, Eric S. Holmboe, William A. McDade, Tonya Fancher, Cary P. Gross, Sarwat Chaudhry, Mytien Nguyen, Max Jordan Nguemeni Tiako, Eve Colson, Yunshan Xu, Fangyong Li, James D. Dziura, Somnath Saha
Summary: This study examines the association between race and ethnicity and performance assessments among internal medicine residents. The results show that underrepresented in medicine and Asian residents received lower ratings on performance assessments compared to White residents during the first and second years of training, indicating the presence of racial bias in assessment.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Sara E. Edwards, Quetzal A. Class, Catherine E. Ford, Tamika A. Alexander, Jonah D. Fleisher
Summary: A survey study found that younger and less experienced providers demonstrated racial bias in cesarean delivery decision-making at the first decision point in early labor. However, providers did not show racial bias as labor progressed. This bias may be attributed to the use of a calculator that included race as a predictive factor in training, which was later removed.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY MFM
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Miao Qian, Gail D. Heyman, Mingzhan Wu, Genyue Fu
Summary: This research conducted an experiment on 4-6 year old Chinese children to investigate the impact of individuation training on reducing children's implicit racial bias. The results suggest that learning to differentiate among multiple other-race individuals plays a critical role in reducing children's implicit racial bias.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Criminology & Penology
Peter S. Lehmann, Ryan C. Meldrum
Summary: Extensive research shows that youth of color are more likely to be arrested compared to their White counterparts. This is partly due to law enforcement targeting areas with higher Black and Hispanic populations and having biased perceptions of danger and threat towards these suspects. However, previous studies have not considered the nuances in arrest disparities among different racial and ethnic subgroups.
YOUTH VIOLENCE AND JUVENILE JUSTICE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Dahai Yu, Zheng Wang, Yamei Cai, Kate McBride, Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu, Karen Pickering, John Baker, Richard Cutfield, Brandon J. Orr-Walker, Gerhard Sundborn, Michael B. Jameson, Zhanzheng Zhao, David Simmons
Summary: This study compared the risks of 21 common cancers among Maori, Pasifika, and New Zealand European individuals with type 2 diabetes in New Zealand from 1994 to 2018. Significant differences in cancer risks were found among different ethnic groups.
Review
Education & Educational Research
Tiffany Champagne-Langabeer, Andrew L. Hedges
Summary: This study aimed to identify evidence of gender-based implicit bias in the delivery of medicine. It found that bias may be inadvertently acquired from culture and education. There are important gaps in the available literature regarding the race and gender of physicians.
BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Jaya Aysola, Justin T. Clapp, Patricia Sullivan, Patrick J. Brennan, Eve J. Higginbotham, Matthew D. Kearney, Chang Xu, Rosemary Thomas, Sarah Griggs, Mohamed Abdirisak, Alec Hilton, Toluwa Omole, Sean Foster, Mira Mamtani
Summary: This study identified disparities in emergency department throughput times for non-Hispanic Black compared to non-Hispanic White patients, even after adjusting for various factors. Qualitative findings highlighted the potential role of provider communication styles in contributing to these disparities. To reduce healthcare inequities, understanding how communication and care may differ by race/ethnicity and utilizing structured processes for care equalization are important.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Eric D. Splan, Adam B. Magerman, Chad E. Forbes
Summary: This study reveals a reliable relationship between racial biases, regional demographics, and the incidence rates of various chronic diseases among Black and White patients in the United States.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Education & Educational Research
John Thompson, Helena Bujalka, Stephen McKeever, Adrienne Lipscomb, Sonya Moore, Nicole Hill, Sharon Kinney, Kwang Meng Cham, Joanne Martin, Patrick Bowers, Marie Gerdtz
Summary: Cognitive and implicit biases can have negative effects on clinicians' decision-making capacity and healthcare provision. It is important for educators to actively prepare healthcare students for real-world practice by addressing these biases. However, the extent to which bias training is incorporated into curricula is still unknown.
BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION
(2023)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Antonio P. DeRosa, Yende Grell, Dominic Razon, Alia Komsany, Laura C. Pinheiro, Juana Martinez, Erica Phillips
Summary: The study found that decision-making support interventions are associated with positive outcomes for racial and ethnic minority patients, such as improved patient engagement, reduced decisional regret, higher satisfaction, improved communication, health literacy awareness, and cultural competence.
PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING
(2022)
Review
Nursing
Sheila Jala, Margaret Fry, Rosalind Elliott
Summary: This review aimed to systematically synthesize research on the cognitive bias of emergency nurses and physicians in decision-making and its influence on patient outcomes. The review identified the presence of cognitive biases among emergency clinicians during clinical decision-making, but it remains unclear how cognitive bias influences patient outcomes. Further research examining emergency clinicians' cognitive bias is required.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Thuy B. Tran, Mustafa Raoof, Laleh Melstrom, Namgyal Kyulo, Zameer Shaikh, Veronica C. Jones, Loretta Erhunmwunsee, Yuman Fong, Susanne G. Warner
Summary: The study found that patient and surgeon race and sex affect patient satisfaction with physician communication and care. Minority and Spanish-speaking patients were more likely to report negative experiences. Female surgeons received higher ratings for overall communication, while Asian surgeons received lower scores.
Article
Emergency Medicine
Joyce Li, Sriram Ramgopal, Jennifer R. Marin
Summary: This study revealed racial and ethnic disparities in low-value services in pediatric emergency departments. Non-Hispanic White patients were more likely to receive low-value imaging services, while Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic patients were more likely to receive low-value medications for certain conditions.
ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Timothy I. Michaels, Elsa Thomas, Joseph M. Flaxer, Sonali Singal, Lauren Hanna, Anna Van Meter, Sunny X. Tang, John M. Kane, Ema Saito
Summary: This study found racial inequities in the assignment of psychiatric inpatients of color to different buildings and units in a hospital system in the tristate area of the United States. Black, Hispanic/Latinx, and Asian patients were less likely to be assigned to better resourced units in the new building, indicating the presence of racial disparities. The findings emphasize the need for hospital systems to address the impact of structural racism on clinical care.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Tyler Jimenez, Peter J. Helm, Jamie Arndt
Summary: Based on two studies, this research examined the relationship between police militarization in the United States and racial prejudice. The findings showed a positive association between racial prejudice among White Americans at both individual and regional levels and support for police militarization. Additionally, it was found that police departments in states with higher levels of prejudice acquired more militarized equipment.
PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Ruth Cunningham, James Stanley, Tracy Haitana, Suzanne Pitama, Marie Crowe, Roger Mulder, Richard Porter, Cameron Lacey
AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2020)
Article
Psychiatry
Frederieke S. Petrovic-van der Deen, Ruth Cunningham, Jenni Manuel, Sheree Gibb, Richard J. Porter, Suzanne Pitama, Marie Crowe, Sue Crengle, Cameron Lacey
SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Psychiatry
Janet D. Carter, Jennifer Jordan, Virginia V. W. McIntosh, Christopher M. A. Frampton, Cameron Lacey, Richard J. Porter, Roger T. Mulder
Summary: The study found significant improvements in depression, anxiety, cognitive and global social functioning two years after using cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and metacognitive therapy (MCT) for depression. There were no significant differences in outcome between CBT and MCT, with noticeable improvements in depression and anxiety symptoms. The lack of modality-specific differences in treatment outcomes was consistent at the two-year follow-up.
AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Tracy Haitana, Suzanne Pitama, Donna Cormack, Mau Te Rangimarie Clark, Cameron Lacey
Summary: This study explores the clinical care situation of Maori with bipolar disorder using a qualitative research method. Findings indicate that cultural competence and safety are important concerns in clinical care for Maori patients and their families. Patients and families believe that the effectiveness of clinical care depends on clear pathways, timely and consistent care, and support from clinically and culturally competent staff.
AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Ethnic Studies
Tracy Haitana, Suzanne Pitama, Donna Cormack, Mau Te Rangimarie Clark, Cameron Lacey
Summary: This paper aims to identify barriers in the New Zealand mental health system for Maori patients with Bipolar Disorder (BD) and propose changes to improve its structure and function. The study used a qualitative Kaupapa Maori Research methodology, conducting semi-structured interviews with Maori patients with BD and their whanau. The findings highlight the impact of structural features of the health system on health equity for Maori with BD, and suggest potential changes to improve accessibility and scope of BD services for Maori.
ETHNICITY & HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Health Policy & Services
Tracy Haitana, Suzanne Pitama, Donna Cormack, Mau Te Rangimarie Clark, Cameron Lacey
Summary: This study uses a qualitative Kaupapa Maori methodology to identify barriers to equity in healthcare for Maori with bipolar disorder and their families in New Zealand. The study suggests that transformation of the healthcare organization is needed to achieve health equity, including changes in organizational culture, the implementation of an equity partnership model, and the development of a culturally competent health workforce.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Cameron Lacey, Chris Frampton, Ben Beaglehole
Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness of the mobile health application oVRcome for five specific phobias, showing significant reduction in phobia symptoms. The change in phobia severity from baseline to week 6, retention rate of participants, and effect size were summarized in the research findings.
AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Psychiatry
Cameron Lacey, Mark Lawrence, Claire Paterson, Susanna Every-Palmer
AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Gawen Carr, Ruth Cunningham, Frederieke S. Petrovic-van Der Deen, Jenni Manuel, Sheree Gibb, Richard J. Porter, Suzanne Pitama, Marie Crowe, Sue Crengle, Cameron Lacey
Summary: Differences in diagnoses between Maori and non-Maori in early psychosis persist over a five-year period. Maori are more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia, while non-Maori are more likely to be diagnosed with bipolar disorder. The stability of diagnoses is similar, and those with no stable diagnosis are more likely to move towards a schizophrenia diagnosis in both groups. Maori have a lower rate of diagnosed affective and anxiety disorders, but higher rates of face-to-face contact and inpatient admission.
EARLY INTERVENTION IN PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Jenni Manuel, Ruth Cunningham, Sheree Gibb, Frederieke S. Petrovic-van der Deen, Richard J. Porter, Suzanne Pitama, Marie Crowe, Sue Crengle, Gawen Carr, Cameron Lacey
Summary: This study found that prior to the first episode of psychosis, non-Indigenous youth had privileges in multiple sectors compared to Indigenous youth, indicating social disparities. These disparities are likely to result in further inequities in recovery.
AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Psychiatry
Helen Lockett, Amanda Luckman, Angela Jury, Talya Postelnik, Cameron Lacey
AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Review
Psychiatry
Cara Meredith, Christina McKerchar, Cameron Lacey
Summary: Indigenous mothers and birthing parents face significant inequities during the perinatal period, resulting in adverse outcomes for both the mothers/birthing parents and their infants. Limited literature exists on solutions to these issues, with most research focusing on the inequities themselves. This systematic review aimed to examine Indigenous approaches to the treatment of perinatal mental health illnesses. The review included 27 studies that primarily focused on healthcare workers and staff, with limited representation of mothers, birthing parents, and their families. While interventions showed some reductions in mental health symptoms, many studies focused on qualitative assessments of intervention acceptability or utility. More research and evaluation of Indigenous interventions for perinatal mental health illness is needed, with a focus on prioritizing the voices and experiences of Indigenous mothers, birthing parents, and their families.
ARCHIVES OF WOMENS MENTAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Mau Te Rangimarie Clark, Jenni Manuel, Cameron Lacey, Suzanne Pitama, Ruth Cunningham, Jennifer Jordan
Summary: The experiences and treatment needs of Maori with eating disorders are different from those of non-Maori. The key themes identified include cumulative exposure, treatment complexities, and resource empowerment.
AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Health Policy & Services
Karen Keelan, Suzanne Pitama, Tim Wilkinson, Cameron Lacey
Summary: This study explores the organizational barriers that affect the experiences of older Maori people seeking care in aged residential care (ARC) services in New Zealand. The key theme identified is "Culturally safe care", which encompasses barriers related to the acceptability and adequacy of facilities, the interface between aged residential care and whanau models of care, and the workforce. The study highlights the importance of fostering a collective culture of equity within ARC providers and equipping healthcare leaders and staff with the skills and knowledge to deliver culturally safe care.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Christina McKerchar, Moira Smith, James Stanley, Michelle Barr, Tim Chambers, Gillian Abel, Cameron Lacey, Ryan Gage, Cliona Ni Mhurchu, Louise Signal
GLOBAL HEALTH PROMOTION
(2020)