Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Flavio Augusto da Silva Coelho, Stephanie Gill, Crystal M. Tomlin, Marilena Papavassiliou, Sean D. Farley, Joseph A. Cook, Sarah A. Sonsthagen, George K. Sage, Timothy H. Heaton, Sandra L. Talbot, Charlotte Lindqvist
Summary: During the Late Pleistocene, there were ice sheets covering parts of North America. However, it is unclear whether ice-free refugia existed in the Alexander Archipelago along the SE Alaska coast during the last glacial maximum (LGM). Genetic analyses of black and brown bears in SE Alaska show that there were two subclades of black bears, one preglacial and one postglacial, that diverged over 100,000 years ago. Ancient brown bears are closely related to modern brown bears in the archipelago, suggesting colonization after the LGM. These findings suggest that there were no refugia in SE Alaska during the LGM, but vegetation quickly expanded after deglaciation.
Article
Geography, Physical
Ivano Rellini, Marco Firpo, Daniele Arobba, Elisabetta Starnini, Marco Romano, Paolo Citton, Isabella Salvador, Fabio Negrino, Marco Avanzini, Marta Zunino
Summary: The B`asura Cave in NW Italy contains significant cave bear bone assemblages and a diverse record of tracks and traces left by humans and other animals. An analysis of fossil bear fur fragments found in the cave's inner deposits reveals information on the nature and chronology of the deposit, showing evidence of diagenetic changes caused by guano deposits. This study demonstrates that the bear fur served as a main vehicle for introducing botanical microremains into Old World caves.
QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Tomislav Kurecic, Neven Bocic, Lara Wacha, Koraljka Bakrac, Anita Grizelj, Dinko Tresic Pavici, Christopher Luethgens, Andreja Sironi, Sinisa Radovi, Loris Redovnikovi, Markus Fiebig
Summary: Archaeological excavations in a cave in Croatia exposed an undisturbed sequence of sediments, allowing for the recognition of changes in depositional mechanisms. Using a multiproxy approach, the researchers characterized the cave sediments and revealed several stages in the development of clastic filling in the cave channels, with sedimentation taking place under different climatic conditions during the Pleistocene-Holocene period. Stratigraphic calibration based on luminescence dating and radiometric dating of cave sediments and speleothems was performed for the first time in this study.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Marta Zunino, Elisabetta Starnini, Daniele Arobba, Marco Avanzini, Paolo Citton, Marco Firpo, Fabio Negrino, Marco Romano, Isabella Salvador, Ivano Rellini
Summary: Basura Cave is an important site in Italy known for the discovery of prehistoric footprints and bear fossils. The latest research project aimed to re-evaluate the cave's legacy and collections through taphonomic, sedimentological, and radiocarbon dating analysis. The findings suggest intense sediment reworking and shed light on the last populations of Ursus spelaeus during the Last Glacial Maximum.
JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Shiwen Song, Bo Xiao, Jiaming Hu, Haifeng Lin, Zhicheng Du, Kunpeng Xiang, Dong Pan, Xindong Hou, Junxia Yuan, Xulong Lai, Guilian Sheng
Summary: As one of the last remaining species of Caprinae in Asia, the classification and conservation of serows have attracted increasing attention. However, their evolutionary history and population dynamics have been unclear until now. This study analyzed ancient mitochondrial genomes from two serow sub-fossils and found genetic continuity between ancient and modern serows, as well as new insights into their origins and evolutionary history.
Review
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Johann Galdies
Summary: Bears in Pleistocene Europe exhibit marked evolution. Brown bears are omnivorous opportunists, while cave bears are an extinct species that gradually lowered their reproductive rate and eventually went extinct, possibly due to climatic changes.
Article
Plant Sciences
Yu Dong, Xiaoguang Bi, Rubi Wu, Eric J. Belfield, Nicholas P. Harberd, Bent T. Christensen, Mike Charles, Amy Bogaard
Summary: This study evaluates the feasibility of stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis on C-4 millets, showing that stable nitrogen isotope values can be used to identify manuring practices and both carbon and nitrogen isotope values can provide information for palaeodietary reconstruction.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Anthropology
Eric J. Guiry, Paul Szpak
Summary: The carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of bone and tooth collagen are important for studying past biological, environmental, and cultural phenomena. Collagen provides reliable quality control criteria for isotopic data, with traditional C:N QC parameters sometimes leading to unreliable isotopic compositions due to contamination. New collagen QC criteria specific to certain taxa and environments have been proposed based on a model's results, aiming to improve the interpretation of isotopic data by accurately identifying contaminated samples.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Miao-Xuan Deng, Bo Xiao, Jun-Xia Yuan, Jia-Ming Hu, Kyung Seok Kim, Michael V. Westbury, Xu-Long Lai, Gui-Lian Sheng
Summary: This study explores the genetic connection of ancient roe deer remains from Northeastern China to extant populations and investigates the evolutionary history and population dynamics of this species. The results indicate that the ancient samples belong to different haplogroups of the Siberian roe deer, and one haplogroup has been present in Northeastern China since at least the Late Pleistocene, while the others emerged after the Mid Holocene.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Andrew C. Smith, Melanie J. Leng, Suzanne McGowan, Virginia N. Panizzo, Thi Thu Trang Ngo, Thi Nguyet Minh Luu, Ioannis Matiatos, Thu Nga Do, Thi Thao Ta, Anh Duc Trinh
Summary: Anthropogenic activities have caused nitrate pollution and changes in the metabolic state of aquatic ecosystems in the Red River delta, Vietnam. Soil leachate, domestic waste, and agricultural fertilizers were identified as the main sources of nitrate. The delta's geographical location and seasonal changes affect the relative impact of each source. Low dissolved oxygen saturation in the river system is a concern due to high nitrate loads and inputs of organic matter from untreated waste.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2024)
Article
Geography, Physical
Anne Charpentier, Ana S. L. Rodrigues, Claire Houmard, Alexandre Lefebvre, Krista McGrath, Camilla Speller, Laura van der Sluis, Antoine Zazzo, Jean-Marc Petillon
Summary: Studying ancient human-whale relationships has been challenging due to the lack of visible evidence in the archaeological record. However, new interdisciplinary approaches combining archaeological and ethnographic studies with biomolecular and isotopic techniques have provided valuable insights. These techniques allow for the identification of whale species, analysis of ancient whale diets and feeding habits, and examination of historical and ethnographic records to understand ancient uses of whales.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Archaeology
Antonino Biagio Carbonaro, Rosario Caruso, Valentina Greco, Ola El-Aguizy, Mona Fouad Ali, Grazia Laura Gambino, Alessandro Giuffrida, Enrico Ciliberto
Summary: The study of the fractionation of stable carbon isotopes 13C and 12C has various applications, such as quality control and geographical origin analysis. This study used Isotopic Ratio Mass Spectrometry to investigate the degradation of an ancient linen textile and found that degradation contributed to the isotopic fractionation phenomenon. The measured δ13C values increased from contemporary to ancient samples.
JOURNAL OF CULTURAL HERITAGE
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Jimmy de Rooij, Jeroen H. J. L. van der Lubbe, Suzan Verdegaal, Megan Hulscher, Daphne Tooms, Pim Kaskes, Oeki Verhage, Leonie Portanger, Anne S. Schulp
Summary: Our understanding of Late Cretaceous dinosaur ecosystems has improved through stable isotope analyses. An analysis of a Triceratops bonebed provides insights into the paleoecology of these large herbivores and their habitat use, diet, and possible migration.
PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Eugenia Boulygina, Fedor Sharko, Maksim Cheprasov, Maria Gladysheva-Azgari, Natalia Slobodova, Svetlana Tsygankova, Sergey Rastorguev, Lena Grigorieva, Martina Kopp, Jorge M. O. Fernandes, Gavril Novgorodov, Gennady Boeskorov, Albert Protopopov, Woo-Suk Hwang, Alexei Tikhonov, Artem Nedoluzhko
Summary: This study demonstrates the maternal philopatry of the Northeastern Eurasian U. arctos population during the several thousand years of the Holocene through ancient DNA analysis and comparative phylogenetic analysis.
Article
Ecology
Christopher T. Monk, Michael Power, Carla Freitas, Philip M. Harrison, Michelle Heupel, Anna Kuparinen, Even Moland, Colin Simpfendorfer, David Villegas-Rios, Esben M. Olsen
Summary: This study investigated the correlation between behavior type and diet in a protected population of Atlantic cod. By using acoustic telemetry and stable isotope compositions, the researchers determined the behavior and diet of the cod. The study further explored whether there were survival costs associated with behavior and diet.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Archaeology
Patxi Perez-Ramallo, Jos Prime E. Ignacio Lorenzo-Lizalde, Alexandra Staniewska, Belen Lopez, Michelle Alexander, Sara Marzo, Mary Lucas, Jana Ilgner, David Chivall, Aurora Grandal-dAnglade, Patrick Roberts
Summary: The Iberian Peninsula was a key player in the religious, economic, and political changes of the Medieval Period, with particular focus on the emergence of Christian Kingdoms in northern regions. Through radiocarbon dating and stable isotope analysis, differences in access to animal protein and marine/freshwater resources between different social groups were identified on a regional scale, shedding light on the development of social inequality in Medieval society.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE-REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Anthropology
Silvia Albizuri, Aurora Grandal-d'Anglade, Francisco Javier Lopez-Cachero
Summary: The analysis of bone samples and carpological remains from Can Roqueta has revealed that the territory was managed for agricultural and pasture use in ancient times. The cultivation of highly nutritious and digestible millet, in combination with other cereals for fodder preparation, suggests a sophisticated agricultural system in place. The presence of natural pastures also indicates a balance between cultivation and animal grazing practices.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OSTEOARCHAEOLOGY
(2022)
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marie Gurke, Amalia Vidal-Gorosquieta, Johanna L. A. Paijmans, Karolina Wecek, Axel Barlow, Gloria Gonzalez-Fortes, Stefanie Hartmann, Aurora Grandal-d'Anglade, Michael Hofreiter
Article
Geography, Physical
Carlos Arce Chamorro, Juan Ramon Vidal Romani, Aurora Grandal D'Anglade, Jorge Sanjurjo Sanchez
Summary: The study reveals the evolutionary process of sand beaches and dunes along the Atlantic coast of Galicia. During the last glaciation, the coastline shifted several kilometers and a wide strip of sandy deposits emerged. As sea levels rose during the Holocene, the sand dunes were progressively submerged, leaving only flooded dunes and climbing dunes on cliffs. The current erosion of sand beaches and dunes exposes older shingle beaches, submerged forest remains, and megalithic monuments, and is likely linked to anthropogenic global warming.
EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
(2023)
Article
Anthropology
Patxi Perez-Ramallo, Aurora Grandal-d'Anglade, Elia Organista, Elena Santos, David Chivall, Ricardo Rodriguez-Varela, Anders Gotherstrom, Francisco Etxeberria, Jana Ilgner, Ricardo Fernandes, Juan Luis Arsuaga, Petrus Le Roux, Tom Higham, Julia Beaumont, Hannah Koon, Patrick Roberts
Summary: This study directly investigates changes in diet and mobility during the first three centuries of Santiago's emergence as an urban centre through multidisciplinary analysis of human remains discovered at the crypt of the Cathedral of Santiago. Isotopic analysis reveals that the religious site attracted migrants from the wider region, indicating increasing socioeconomic diversity as the city became wealthier as a pilgrimage hub.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Zoology
Ana Garcia-Vazquez, Denise A. Crampton, Angela L. Lamb, George A. Wolff, Kostas Kiriakoulakis, Giulia Guidarelli, Anna Loy, Paolo Ciucci, Claudio Groff, Ana C. Pinto-Llona, Aurora Grandal-d'Anglade, Carlo Meloro
Summary: Stable isotope analysis of animal tissue samples is used to study trophic ecology and shows that isotopic signatures respond to diet type and environmental conditions. In this study, brown bear hair samples from four populations in southwest Europe were analyzed, considering geographical and climatic differences. The study found inter-population differences in isotopic values that suggest differences in food consumption, with higher altitude populations showing a greater consumption of animal foods. The quantification of isotopic niche space identified significant similarities between two populations and highlighted the need for conservation measures for southern isolated populations.
Article
Archaeology
Ana Cristina Pinto-Llona, Aurora Grandal-d'Anglade
Summary: Sopen, a limestone shelter in northern Spain, has provided valuable archaeological evidence of various cultural periods, including Gravettian, Early Upper Palaeolithic, and Mousterian levels. However, determining the timing of Neanderthals' last occupation and the arrival of modern humans in northern Spain remains debated due to limited sites with reliable dates. Recent research has revealed that the disappearance of the Mousterian in Sopen occurred later than previously believed, and the earliest Gravettian dates at the site are older than those proposed in other regions. However, more information is needed to establish a definitive model for the Gravettian culture at this site. Bayesian models have also been used to interpret the dates obtained for the early Upper Palaeolithic and late Middle Palaeolithic, suggesting that the Mousterian disappeared a few millennia later than previously thought. However, the available dates do not provide conclusive evidence for the existence or absence of a chronological gap between the dismissal of Neanderthals and the arrival of the earliest Upper Palaeolithic technocultures at the site.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE-REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Ana Garcia-vazquez, Ana Cristina Pinto-llona, Julia Maroto, Trinidad Torres, Aurora Grandal-d'anglade
Summary: The identification of bone fragments using peptide mass fingerprinting or mass spectrometry is becoming a powerful tool in Quaternary palaeontology. The use of mass spectrometry allows for the studying of variations in amino acid sequences in bone collagen, which can be used for taxonomic purposes. However, no peptide fingerprint taxonomic study has specifically focused on the cave bear species. This study investigates the bone collagen of cave and brown bear samples using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF) and in-silico analysis.
EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Mihaela Golea, Ana Garcia-Vazquez, Cristina Mircea, Marin Carciumaru, Gabriela Sava, Johannes Mueller, Wiebke Kirleis, Catalin Lazar
Summary: This paper reviews the earliest record of rye in Romania and determines that it actually belongs to the medieval period, not the prehistoric period as previously assumed. The research provides new and original data on rye cultures from the medieval period in southeastern Europe.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ana Garcia-Vazquez, Adrian Balasescu, Gabriel Vasile, Mihaela Golea, Valentin Radu, Vasile Opris, Theodor Ignat, Mihaela Culea, Cristina Covataru, Gabriela Sava, Catalin Lazar
Summary: This study reconstructs the diet and lifeways of the Chalcolithic people in the northeastern Balkans by analyzing archaeological remains found at the Gumelni?a site in Romania. The results show that the inhabitants of Gumelnita had a diet based on crops and natural resources, such as fish, freshwater molluscs, and game. The community developed a subsistence strategy in response to climatic changes, leading to their resilience compared to other contemporary communities.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Aurora Grandal-dAnglade, Ana Garcia-Vazquez, Marta Moreno-Garcia, Leonor Pena-Chocarro, Jorge Sanjurjo-Sanchez, Juan Luis Montero-Fenollos
Summary: This study examined the techniques of agriculture and animal husbandry at the Tell Humeida site during the Middle Uruk Period in Syria. Stable isotopes from bone collagen and plant seeds were analyzed, revealing common practices of irrigation and manuring in agricultural fields. The settlement was closely linked to the availability of water, allowing for crop cultivation and sheep rearing in a desert-like area.
Article
Humanities, Multidisciplinary
Patxi Perez-Ramallo, Nieves Veiga Lopez, Aurora Grandal-dAnglade, Jose Carlos Sanchez-Pardo
Summary: In this paper, novel and existing archaeological data from the San Bartolome de Rebordans site in Spain are discussed, revealing the significance of Tude as a place of power during the Late Antique Sueve Gallaecia and the Iberian Visigoth kingdom. Various techniques, including archaeological survey, radiocarbon dating, and isotopic analysis, were applied to analyze the remains of seven individuals found in the Late Antique necropolis, suggesting their possible status as social elites. The findings, despite the small sample size, are of great archaeological importance as they provide the first biomolecular approach to the Late Antique social elites in the northwestern and potentially the entire Iberian Peninsula.
COGENT ARTS & HUMANITIES
(2023)