Letter
Dermatology
Yun Kyung Jang, Dong Hyun Kim, Moon Soo Yoon, Jung U. Shin, Hee Jung Lee
Summary: We present two cases of atopic dermatitis patients who developed desquamation of the face with Staphylococcus aureus colonization after treatment with upadacitinib. Treatment with ciclosporin and antibiotics failed, but both patients showed improvement when switched to dupilumab therapy.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Arya Dahal, Wan Chi Chang, Cassandra Almasri, Elisabet Johansson, Makenna Hurd, Veronica Velasquez, Brittany Grashel, Daniel Spagna, Seth Jenkins, David Morgan, Latha Satish, Lisa J. Martin, Jocelyn M. Biagini, Gurjit K. Khurana Hershey
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between S.aureus colonization, FLG expression, and atopic dermatitis (AD) outcomes in children. The results suggest that persistent S.aureus colonization is associated with increased AD severity and sensitization, as well as decreased FLG expression in non-lesional skin cells.
Review
Microbiology
Ethan Jachen Chung, Chia-Hui Luo, Christina Li-Ping Thio, Ya-Jen Chang
Summary: Staphylococcus aureus is a common bacterium found on humans, usually not posing a threat to healthy individuals. However, colonization of S. aureus can lead to infections in individuals with atopic diseases. The presence of S. aureus can trigger inflammatory responses, especially in patients with atopic dermatitis.
Review
Infectious Diseases
John Hulme
Summary: Atopic dermatitis skin is prone to Staphylococcus aureus infection, exposing it to various toxins and virulent determinants. Treatment options depend on the degree of infection and may include topical solutions and oral/IV antibiotics. Severe skin trauma can lead to rapid SA infection, impairing the immune system and causing local and systemic AD presentations. The desensitization of systemic AD is a lengthy process with potential relapses, necessitating careful monitoring of triggers and flare severity to modify targeted treatments for rapid resolution of symptoms.
Review
Microbiology
Danuta Nowicka, Karolina Chilicka, Iwona Dziendziora-Urbinska
Summary: Atopic dermatitis is a complex and unclear disease, with possible causes including changes in the skin barrier, disruptions in the skin microbiome, immune factors, allergens, infections, and environmental and genetic factors. Mechanisms promoting skin colonization by pathogens in atopic skin involve interactions between various factors. Understanding the factors involved in bacterial and fungal colonization in atopic dermatitis can provide insights for treatment and prevention.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Aisling M. Towell, Cecile Feuillie, Pauline Vitry, Thaina M. Costa, Marion Mathelie-Guinlet, Sanja Kezic, Orla M. Fleury, Maeve A. McAleer, Yves F. Dufrene, Alan D. Irvine, Joan A. Geoghegan
Summary: Staphylococcus aureus interacts with the host protein corneodesmosin on atopic dermatitis corneocytes, taking advantage of the aberrant display of corneodesmosin caused by low natural moisturizing factor levels. The bacterial proteins FnBPB and ClfB bind to the N-terminal region of corneodesmosin, facilitating strong adherence of S. aureus to atopic dermatitis corneocytes.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jowita Sroka-Tomaszewska, Magdalena Trzeciak
Summary: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, non-infectious inflammatory skin disease with a complex pathophysiology involving genetic disorders, epidermal barrier defects, immune response alterations, and disruption of skin microbial balance. The disease significantly affects the quality of life of patients and their families, potentially requiring personalized treatment approaches.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ilka Jorde, Jens Schreiber, Sabine Stegemann-Koniszewski
Summary: Bronchial asthma, affecting more than 300 million patients worldwide, is primarily characterized by a Th2-mediated immune response against aeroallergens and is commonly observed in asthmatic children and adults. Recent studies have highlighted the association between respiratory colonization with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), a Gram-positive bacterium, and the development of atopic respiratory diseases. Understanding the pathophysiological aspects and the impact of S. aureus toxins could potentially lead to new preventive strategies for allergic asthma.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Yoshihiro Ito, Takashi Sasaki, Youxian Li, Takeshi Tanoue, Yuki Sugiura, Ashwin N. Skelly, Wataru Suda, Yusuke Kawashima, Nobuyuki Okahashi, Eiichiro Watanabe, Hiroto Horikawa, Aiko Shiohama, Rina Kurokawa, Eiryo Kawakami, Hachiro Iseki, Hiroshi Kawasaki, Yoichiro Iwakura, Atsushi Shiota, Liansheng Yu, Junzo Hisatsune, Haruhiko Koseki, Motoyuki Sugai, Makoto Arita, Osamu Ohara, Takeshi Matsui, Makoto Suematsu, Masahira Hattori, Koji Atarashi, Masayuki Amagai, Kenya Honda
Summary: The research shows that Staphylococcus cohnii can beneficially inhibit skin inflammation, potentially offering a new therapeutic approach for chronic inflammatory skin conditions.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tomotaka Ohkubo, Yasuhiko Matsumoto, Otomi Cho, Yuki Ogasawara, Takashi Sugita
Summary: The proportion of Staphylococcus aureus in the skin microbiome is associated with the severity of inflammation in atopic dermatitis, and the balance between Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. aureus is crucial for maintaining healthy skin. Heat-treated culture supernatant of Delftia acidovorans inhibits the growth of S. epidermidis by inducing the production of reactive oxygen species via the TCA cycle.
Article
Allergy
Arwa Al Kindi, Helen Williams, Kenshiro Matsuda, Abdullah M. Alkahtani, Charis Saville, Hayley Bennett, Yasmine Alshammari, Soo Y. Tan, Catherine O'Neill, Akane Tanaka, Hiroshi Matsuda, Peter D. Arkwright, Joanne L. Pennock
Summary: The study identified Sbi as a key virulence factor derived from Staphylococcus aureus, capable of inducing the release of IL-33 from human keratinocytes to promote type 2 immune responses underlying atopic dermatitis. This study sheds light on the mechanism of how S. aureus drives allergic pathology in AD patients in the absence of infection.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Dermatology
Jonwei Hwang, Alyssa Thompson, Joanna Jaros, Paul Blackcloud, Jennifer Hsiao, Vivian Y. Shi
Summary: Atopic dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin disease with contributing factors including genetics, immunology, and environment. Staphylococcus aureus is associated with exacerbation of atopic dermatitis, producing virulence factors that interact with the skin and immune system. Advances in genome sequencing have increased understanding of the interaction between Staphylococcus aureus and the cutaneous environment in atopic dermatitis hosts.
EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Yuzuki Shimamori, Shoichi Mitsunaka, Hirotaka Yamashita, Tohru Suzuki, Tomoe Kitao, Tomoko Kubori, Hiroki Nagai, Shigeki Takeda, Hiroki Ando
Summary: Atopic dermatitis is often associated with the overgrowth of Staphylococcus aureus, and phage therapy shows promising clinical applications in treating skin infections by reducing the bacterial load and disease exacerbation. Typical commensal bacteria in healthy skin can also help reduce S. aureus resistance to phage therapy.
Review
Dermatology
Garrett J. Patrick, Nathan K. Archer, Lloyd S. Miller
Summary: Atopic dermatitis is a common chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by recurrent and pruritic skin eruptions. Multiple factors contribute to its pathogenesis, including skin barrier dysfunction, microbial dysbiosis, and immune dysregulation. Interactions among these factors form a complex multidirectional network that can exacerbate atopic skin disease but can also be ameliorated by targeted therapies.
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Dermatology
Lena Staudenmaier, Jule Focken, Katja Schlatterer, Dorothee Kretschmer, Birgit Schittek
Summary: The study demonstrates that skin commensals also release membrane vesicles (MVs) in similar quantity and lipid content as pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus, providing protection against skin colonization by S. aureus. On the contrary, MVs released by S. aureus induce proinflammatory responses in human keratinocytes, recruit neutrophils, and enhance skin colonization. The level of induction is dependent on TLR2 and NFkB signaling pathways and correlates with the membrane lipid and protein A content of the MVs.
EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Klatka, Izabela Rysz, Anna Hymos, Agnieszka Polak, Paulina Mertowska, Sebastian Mertowski, Konrad Smolak, Ewelina Grywalska
Summary: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to abnormal insulin secretion or action. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is the most common type in children and adolescents, and its development is influenced by genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and immune response. Recent research has focused on the role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of EBV infection on immune cell activation, fructosamine levels, and HbA1c levels in children with type 1 diabetes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jolanta Smok-Kalwat, Paulina Mertowska, Sebastian Mertowski, Konrad Smolak, Aleksandra Kozinska, Filip Koszalka, Wojciech Kwasniewski, Ewelina Grywalska, Stanislaw Gozdz
Summary: Lung cancer is a major threat to modern society, with increasing numbers of new cases and deaths each year. Despite extensive research, the mechanisms of lung cancer development and progression, particularly the role of the immune system, remain unclear. This literature review emphasizes the importance of immune system disorders and cell signaling changes in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. It suggests that future studies should focus on analyzing tumor microenvironmental immune checkpoints and genetic susceptibilities to lung cancer, which may lead to the development of personalized therapies and improved prognoses for patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Monika Abramiuk, Karolina Frankowska, Krzysztof Kulak, Rafal Tarkowski, Paulina Mertowska, Sebastian Mertowski, Ewelina Grywalska
Summary: This study aimed to assess the levels of urocortin 1 (Ucn1) in the serum and peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis (EMS) and healthy women, as well as the association between Ucn1 and immune parameters. The findings showed that serum Ucn1 level was significantly higher in women with EMS compared to healthy patients. Moreover, higher serum Ucn1 levels were associated with advanced stages of the disease. Based on serum Ucn1 levels, it is possible to distinguish deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) from other types of EMS. These results suggest that Ucn1 could be a promising biomarker of EMS, but should be used in conjunction with other diagnostic methods to enhance effectiveness.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Karolina Kielbik, Ewelina Grywalska, Andrzej Glowniak, Grazyna Mielnik-Niedzielska, Izabela Korona-Glowniak
Summary: The genetic mechanisms, resistance patterns, and clonal composition of pneumococcal strains from healthy children in Poland were analyzed. Certain clonal groups were found to be resistant to erythromycin, clindamycin, and tetracycline. Capsular switching was observed in certain clones. The study highlights the role of nasopharyngeal carriage in the spread of drug-resistant pneumococcal clones after vaccination.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Klatka, Agnieszka Polak, Paulina Mertowska, Sebastian Mertowski, Jakub Lyczba, Anna Hymos, Izabela Korona-Glowniak, Ewelina Grywalska
Summary: Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, or HD, is a common thyroid disorder. Research has focused on the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), particularly TLR2, in the pathogenesis of HD. This study found a significant increase in TLR2 expression on immune cells and a higher concentration of soluble TLR2 in plasma in HD patients compared to healthy individuals. TLR2 expression also correlated with thyroid function indicators. These findings suggest that TLR2 may be involved in the immunopathogenesis of HD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marek Majewski, Kamil Torres, Paulina Mertowska, Sebastian Mertowski, Izabela Korona-Glowniak, Jan Korulczyk, Witold Zgodzinski, Ewelina Grywalska
Summary: Gastric cancer is a common type of cancer worldwide. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed on immune cells play a role in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. This study found that patients with gastric cancer had a higher percentage of immune cells expressing TLR2 compared to the control group. Additionally, there was a significant association between TLR2 expression and the stage of the disease.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bartlomiej Barczynski, Karolina Fraszczak, Ewelina Grywalska, Jan Kotarski, Izabela Korona-Glowniak
Summary: According to recent data, changes in the vaginal microbiota could impact the risk of gynaecological cancers. In women with endometrial cancer, there are notable changes in the composition of the cervicovaginal microbiota. A study was conducted to characterize the cervicovaginal microbiota of women undergoing hysterectomy for different conditions. The presence of various microorganisms was detected, and certain microorganisms were found to be more common in cancer patients, suggesting their potential role as co-factors for endometrial cancer development.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Jaroslaw Sobieszczanski, Sebastian Mertowski, Katarzyna Sarna-Bos, Piotr Stachurski, Ewelina Grywalska, Renata Chalas
Summary: The oral cavity has a specific microenvironment, and dental structures are constantly exposed to chemical and biological factors. Trauma to the teeth, particularly the pulp and root canal system, can lead to severe local inflammation caused by external and opportunistic pathogens. Long-term inflammation not only affects local tissues but also impacts the immune system, potentially triggering a systemic reaction. This literature review highlights the connection between root canal infections and their impact on the oral microenvironment, specifically focusing on the influence of immune system disorders in selected diseases.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Katarzyna Krefft-Trzciniecka, Zuzanna Pietowska, Danuta Nowicka, Jacek C. Szepietowski
Summary: Androgenetic alopecia is a common condition causing hair loss in both men and women, which can significantly affect one's psychological well-being. A systematic review was conducted to assess the efficacy of using stem cells in treating androgenetic alopecia. The review analyzed the results of using different types of stem cells compared to control treatment or other types of treatment for male and female androgenetic alopecia. The use of stem cells shows promise as an alternative or complementary therapy for androgenetic alopecia, but further research is needed for validation in larger and more diverse samples.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Peet Brecht, James Curtis Dring, Felipe Yanez, Agnieszka Slyczen, Paulina Mertowska, Sebastian Mertowski, Ewelina Grywalska
Summary: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally, with numerous risk factors such as genetic factors, age, sex, lifestyle, and nutrition-related issues contributing to their incidence. This review focuses on the role of minerals, vitamins, and intestinal microorganisms in the development and progression of CVDs in both adults and children. The article emphasizes the importance of promoting healthy eating habits and increasing awareness to reduce the risk of CVDs.
Article
Oncology
Paulina Mertowska, Sebastian Mertowski, Konrad Smolak, Marcin Pasiarski, Jolanta Smok-Kalwat, Stanislaw Gozdz, Ewelina Grywalska
Summary: This study focuses on primary immunodeficiencies, specifically antibody deficiencies with near-normal immunoglobulin levels or hyperimmunoglobulinemia. It explores the role of immune checkpoints and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation in the context of these disorders, highlighting their impact on the clinical picture of patients and potential contribution to the development of cancer, particularly hematological malignancies.
Article
Oncology
Paulina Mertowska, Sebastian Mertowski, Konrad Smolak, Gabriela Kita, Katarzyna Guz, Aleksandra Kita, Marcin Pasiarski, Jolanta Smok-Kalwat, Stanislaw Gozdz, Ewelina Grywalska
Summary: This study compares immune factors and EBV in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), finding a potential link between immune issues, EBV, and cancer in individuals with weakened immunity. The study suggests management strategies for these risks but further research is needed.
Article
Oncology
Marek Majewski, Paulina Mertowska, Sebastian Mertowski, Kamil Torres, Ewelina Grywalska
Summary: TLR-9 is significantly involved in the progression of gastric cancer and its connection to EBV infection is investigated. By analyzing specific T and B immune cell groups that express TLR-9, along with the levels of soluble TLR-9 in the blood, this study compares these factors between individuals with gastric cancer and healthy volunteers. The research sheds light on the interplay between TLR-9, immune cell populations, and EBV in gastric cancer development.
Article
Cell Biology
Paulina Mertowska, Konrad Smolak, Sebastian Mertowski, Ewelina Grywalska
Summary: This study aims to understand the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and the results indicate that the expression of TLRs is significantly increased in patients with immunodeficiency compared to healthy individuals, highlighting the importance of TLRs in the development of immunodeficiencies.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Weronika Dymara-Konopka, Marzena Laskowska, Ewelina Grywalska, Anna Hymos, Anna Blazewicz, Bozena Leszczynska-Gorzelak
Summary: The study evaluated serum levels of anti- and pro-angiogenic substances in pregnancies complicated by different clinical subsets of placental ischemic syndrome. Lower placental growth factor levels and higher soluble endoglin levels were found in all subgroups compared to the control group. The highest levels of sFlt-1 were found in patients with preeclampsia, suggesting its role in the development of the disease. The elevated sFlt-1/PlGF ratio in fetal growth restriction (FGR) indicates its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic marker.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)