Article
Business
Miguel Pina e Cunha, Armenio Rego, Marco Berti, Ace Volkmann Simpson
Summary: Integration of paradoxes has been recognized as sources of synergy and competitive advantage. Paradoxes may promote innovation when navigated properly, but pragmatic paradoxes tend to create paralyzing catch-22 situations. We explore the conditions in which pragmatic paradoxes become invasive in organizations, identify their main characteristics and symptoms, and recommend potential approaches to their eradication.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Heather Braund
Summary: Metacognition is crucial for young children's academic success, although most research has focused on its development in later grades. This study explored metacognition in eight Kindergarten classrooms and found that teachers had incomplete conceptualizations of metacognition. The implementation of metacognitive practices faced barriers such as large classroom sizes and developmental readiness. However, early years educators were trying various strategies to promote metacognitive thinking in their Kindergarten classrooms.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Nigel Tubbs
Summary: John Dewey believed that philosophy and educational theory were originally identical. Philip Kitcher's book, The Main Enterprise of the World, is welcomed for providing a radical re-education about social justice, advocating wealth redistribution, reduction of privilege, and redefining values in production, distribution, and consumption. This summary will critically evaluate Kitcher's proposed Deweyan Society, his suggestions for classrooms, and the philosophical and educational significance of his pragmatic justifications.
JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION
(2023)
Article
History & Philosophy Of Science
James Openshaw
Summary: The paper discusses the issue of singular thought about ordinary objects, presenting a view that reconciles a plenitudinous conception with singular thoughts. It suggests that singular thought-vehicles can express multiple thought-contents in the case of abundant phenomena.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Gal Rosenzweig
Summary: In the criminal process, impressions reported by witnesses are assessed and determined by fact finders based on their perceptions. However, this subjective method has been shown to be flawed and can result in wrongful convictions, as highlighted by the Innocence Project. Current approaches in legal literature to manage mistakes are inconsistent with the scientific understanding of the need for external validity measurements, indicating the need for new perspectives on the search for truth and justice in the legal system.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jihye Park, Jung Min Lim, Inkyung Jung, Seok-Jae Heo, Jinman Park, Yoojin Chang, Hui Kwon Kim, Dongmin Jung, Ji Hea Yu, Seonwoo Min, Sungroh Yoon, Sung-Rae Cho, Taeyoung Park, Hyongbum Henry Kim
Summary: The study discovered that indel generation by Cas9 and guide RNA can be used to measure absolute time periods in mammalian cells. The method was successfully applied in various cell types and living mice to record the duration of chemical exposure and the elapsed time since the onset of biological events. The system proposed in the study could potentially serve as synthetic DNA clocks.
Editorial Material
Oncology
Jeff Settleman, Joao M. Fernandes Neto, Rene Bernards
Summary: Most experimental cancer drugs fail during clinical development, driving up costs for approved drugs which only provide modest benefit due to resistance. Understanding drug-resistance mechanisms can lead to innovative treatments with longer-lasting benefits for patients.
Article
History
Bradley W. Bateman
Summary: This essay argues that Frank Ramsey's influence on John Maynard Keynes was wider than previously recognized, extending beyond philosophy of probability to economics. It suggests that Keynes embraced and built upon Ramsey's subjective theory of probability in The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money.
JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Jason Low, Stephen A. Butterfill, John Michael
Summary: Human reasoning is often thought to involve both intuitive and deliberate thought processes. However, traditional dual-process models have problematic assumptions regarding the uniqueness and switch mechanism between these processes. The author critiques these assumptions through a review of empirical evidence and proposes a more viable dual-process architecture for future research.
BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Business
Anna Rylander Eklund, Ulises Navarro Aguiar, Ariana Amacker
Summary: Design thinking is a formal method for creative problem solving based on designers' creative ways of working. It aims to foster innovation by harnessing the designer's sensibility and methods, improving communication between designers and managers. However, the widespread implicit cognitivism in the literature makes it difficult to explain the cultural and experiential qualities of design thinking.
JOURNAL OF PRODUCT INNOVATION MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Wim De Neys
Summary: This paper criticizes the critical assumptions of the influential fast-and-slow dual-process models, focusing on the issues of exclusivity and switch. The author reviews empirical evidence in key fields and presents a more viable dual-process architecture that can advance the research agenda in the coming years.
BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Colin R. Twomey, Gareth Roberts, David H. Brainard, Joshua B. Plotkin
Summary: Names for colors vary widely across languages, but color categories are remarkably consistent. The study reveals that communicative needs for colors are not uniform among different languages, and are correlated with the colors of salient objects in the environment.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Caroline Buckee, Abdisalan Noor, Lisa Sattenspiel
Summary: Social and cultural forces play a significant role in shaping infectious disease transmission dynamics and human behavior in response to epidemics. While new data sources on human behavior are increasingly available, quantifying social aspects remains a challenge for policy-making.
Editorial Material
Biology
Jonathan Redshaw, Patricia A. A. Ganea
Summary: This theme issue explores the mechanisms, development, adaptive functions, and evolutionary history of thinking about possibilities in humans. Experts from life sciences provide insights into the neurophysiological, cognitive, and social mechanisms involved in thinking about possible states of reality, and highlight conceptual changes in understanding multiple possibilities during human development. The research also demonstrates how thinking about possibilities can enhance learning, decision-making, and judgment, and identifies aspects of this capacity that are shared with non-human animals and those that are unique to humans.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
History & Philosophy Of Science
Nicholas Binney
Summary: The ongoing project aims to articulate a form of relativism about science that avoids both strong realism and harmful relativism. Recent scholarship has identified the characteristics a philosophy must possess to be considered a thoroughgoing relativism. Critics argue that these requirements cannot be fulfilled without falling into harmful relativism. However, the early twentieth century philosophy of Ludwik Fleck satisfies these requirements, as his account of active and passive elements of knowledge demonstrates a comprehensive and reasonable relativism about science.
