Fully Artificial Exosomes: Towards New Theranostic Biomaterials

Bionanotechnology routes have been recently developed to produce fully artificial exosomes: biomimetic particles designed to overcome certain limitations in extracellular vesicle (EV) biology and applications. These particles could soon become true therapeutic biomaterials. Here, we outline their current preparation techniques, their exploredandfuture possibilities, and their present limits.