Article
Geography, Physical
Jacek Szczygiel, Artur Sobczyk, Maciej Maciejewski, Oscar Fernandez
Summary: Detailed geological mapping and structural analysis of Niedz ' wiedzia Cave in Central Europe provides new insights into the formation of karstic drainage. The research identifies the role of faults, fractures, and foliation in guiding karst development, as well as the influence of water-table evolution. The findings contribute to a better understanding of proto-conduit formation in karstic systems.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Guang Hu, Zhengwang Hu, Jiangping Liu, Fei Cheng, Daicheng Peng
Summary: This letter proposes a workflow that utilizes a CNN-based semantic segmentation method to interpret seismic faults using a small training set. The results demonstrate promising performance in fault prediction for the entire area considered.
IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
G. de Vicente, R. Diez Fernandez, A. Olaiz, A. Munoz-Martin
Summary: The Spanish-Portuguese Central System is a mountain range with a two-layer rheological structure, formed during the extensional collapse of the Variscan Orogen. It is controlled by thrusts and faults, with a unique structure in the eastern region. Crustal root and backthrusts suggest a delamination process, while shortening and subduction occurred due to structural inheritance in the crust.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Victor Alania, Onise Enukidze, Alexander Razmadze, Tamar Beridze, Demur Merkviladze, Tamar Shikhashvili
Summary: This study presents a new structural model for the western Kura foreland fold-and-thrust belt, supported by field observations, well data, and seismic reflection data. The seismic interpretations match with analog models and further understanding of kinematic evolution and improvement of seismic interpretation are achieved through analysis of experimental results.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Vera Lay, Stefan Buske, John Townend, Richard Kellett, Martha Savage, Douglas R. Schmitt, Alexis Constantinou, Jennifer D. Eccles, Andrew R. Gorman, Malcolm Bertram, Kevin Hall, Don Lawton, Randolph Kofman
Summary: The Alpine Fault in New Zealand is a crucial transpressional plate boundary which is late in its typical earthquake cycle. A seismic survey in the Whataroa Valley has provided new insights into the subsurface structures of the Alpine Fault zone, revealing the complexity of the tectonic processes at play. Despite challenging conditions, seismic imaging has identified various structures related to the valley and the fault system, deepening our understanding of the geology in the area.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Masato Furuya, Fumiko Matsumoto
Summary: In the study of the Chaman fault in Pakistan, it was found that the PCMR values for the M5-class and M4.7-class earthquakes were larger than those of larger earthquakes, possibly due to heterogeneity of friction properties on the fault surface. Geodetic inversions were not able to resolve the spatial relationships between coseismic slip and afterslip, suggesting the presence of non-complementary slip distributions.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Weihua Wu, Yang Yang, Bangyu Wu, Debo Ma, Zhanxin Tang, Xia Yin
Summary: Seismic fault interpretation plays a crucial role in hydrocarbon reservoir characterization and drilling hazard mitigation. This article proposes a multitask deep learning-based seismic fault detection method called MTL-FaultNet, which incorporates 3-D seismic data reconstruction as an auxiliary task to improve the fault detection performance. The network is equipped with multiscale modules and embedded attention mechanisms to enhance its ability in focusing on fault features and learning stable fault structures. Experimental results on field seismic data demonstrate the reliability and generalization capability of the proposed method.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Ewa Krzeminska, Leszek Krzeminski, Pawel Poprawa, Jolanta Paczesna, Krzysztof Nejbert
Summary: The U-Pb measurements of youngest zircons from the Mielnik IG1 dolerite in Poland yielded an age of 300 +/- 4 Ma, indicating they were coeval with regional dykes from Sweden, Norway, and England, formed during the same tectonic event. The dolerite's composition, enriched in trace elements, and presence of xenocrysts suggest it was affected by magmatic pulses during Permo-Carboniferous extension across Europe.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Maria J. Adad, Romina L. Lopez Steinmetz, Federico M. Davila
Summary: The formation of the Andean basin is associated with different geological settings, with Pozuelos Basin in the Puna region being a key area for understanding basin formation hypotheses. Through seismic data interpretation and field surveys, the evolution of Pozuelos Basin during the Cenozoic era was studied, revealing basement thrusting and deformation along its eastern boundary. The basin configuration in late Miocene was isolated and intermontane, whereas during Late Oligocene to Middle Miocene, it behaved as a disconnected depositional zone in an intermontane broken foreland setting.
JOURNAL OF SOUTH AMERICAN EARTH SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Ronald M. Weir, David W. Eaton, Thomas S. Eyre, Donald C. Lawton
Summary: Development of resource plays is subject to inherent risks, such as unexpected costs or shutdowns due to induced seismicity, and risks associated with reservoir stimulation that differs from prior models. We propose a novel strategy for pre-operational risk assessment that combines seismic data interpretation, principles of structural geology, and induced seismicity data. A case study from the Duvernay play in Canada illustrates our approach.
Review
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Fangyu Li, Bin Lyu, Jie Qi, Sumit Verma, Bo Zhang
Summary: Seismic coherence is crucial for seismic interpretation, highlighting discontinuity features caused by various geological processes. Different approaches and techniques have been developed and applied over the past 25 years to enhance coherence attributes and address different challenges in field applications. Field examples have been used to compare techniques and demonstrate the effectiveness of coherence attributes in interpreting geological features.
SURVEYS IN GEOPHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Geography
Nemesio Heredia, Fidel Martin-Gonzalez, Pedro Farias, Joaquin Garcia-Sansegundo, David Pedreira, Brais Gonzalo-Guerra, Gabriel Garcia-Davia, Guillermo Mateos, Adriana G. Florez-Rodriguez
Summary: The Cabuerniga Fault System (CFS) extends for 150 km in an E-W trend along the northern divide of the Cantabrian Mountains, displaying hydrothermal activity and reactivated by E-W Variscan thrusts and NW-SE Late-Variscan strike-slip faults. The eastern end of the CFS corresponds to a N-S structure arriving at the Cantabrian coast, while the western edge connects with the E-W trending Llanera fault, forming an Alpine fault system extending 220 km.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Xianrui Li, Ke Gao, Yu Feng, Chongyuan Zhang
Summary: This study developed a fine 3D geomechanical model of the Xianshuihe fault and its adjacent area, and obtained a spatially continuous contemporary kinematics and crustal background stress field. The results showed different slip rates and stress states along the fault, indicating a potential for strong earthquakes in the future.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Amir Ismail, Ahmed A. Radwan, Mahmoud Leila, Ahmed Abdelmaksoud, Moamen Ali
Summary: The article introduces a novel unsupervised machine learning method, which combines unsupervised vector quantization neural network (UVQ-NN) with meta-geometrical attributes to effectively detect fault patterns, fracture network zones, and small-scale faults in high-resolution 3D seismic structural interpretation. This method plays a crucial role in locating prospective well sites and building 3D structural models while saving time and cost. The innovation lies in the integration of geostatistical and structural filtering techniques with optimal geometrical seismic attributes to automatically extract major faults, fracture network zones, and small-scale faults.
GEOMECHANICS AND GEOPHYSICS FOR GEO-ENERGY AND GEO-RESOURCES
(2023)
Review
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Yu An, Haiwen Du, Siteng Ma, Yingjie Niu, Dairui Liu, Jing Wang, Yuhan Du, Conrad Childs, John Walsh, Ruihai Dong
Summary: Automated seismic fault interpretation has been an active area of research, and Deep learning (DL) methods have shown promising results in this field since 2018. However, the lack of a reasonable summary of these methods has made it difficult for researchers to understand the current development process. To fill this gap, a systematic review of DL-based fault interpretation literature published between 2012 and 2022 was conducted, and 73 seismic datasets from 56 articles were summarized. The study reported the benefits of using DL for fault interpretation, but also identified challenges hindering its integration into industrial workflows, such as the lack of sufficient annotated data.
EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jakub Fedorik, Frank Zwaan, Guido Schreurs, Giovanni Toscani, Lorenzo Bonini, Silvio Seno
JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Frank Zwaan, Guido Schreurs, Matthias Rosenau
JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Frank Zwaan, Guido Schreurs
JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Geography, Physical
Sandro Truttmann, Marco Herwegh, Guido Schreurs, Andreas Ebert, Sibylla Hardmeier
Summary: The retreat of the Great Aletsch Glacier has led to the development of one of the largest active deep-seated landslides in the European Alps - the Moosfluh landslide. Through a multi-method approach, the study successfully assessed the influence of pre-existing structures on the landslide deformation processes, revealing that the landslide is mainly caused by toppling processes and influenced by various factors.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Marc Schori, Frank Zwaan, Guido Schreurs, Jon Mosar
Summary: The pre-existing faults in the mechanical basement play a crucial role in controlling deformation in thin-skinned fold-and-thrust belts. The presence of basement steps leads to deformation localization and influences the evolution of structures. These findings provide insights into the deformation processes of the Earth's crust.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Frank Zwaan, Pauline Chenin, Duncan Erratt, Gianreto Manatschal, Guido Schreurs
Summary: The combination of mantle and crustal weaknesses can create complex rift structures, while changes in divergence rates affect the degree of coupling and surface expressions of deformation. Changes in divergence directions impact the evolution of structures during rifting.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Timothy C. Schmid, Guido Schreurs, Jurgen Adam
Summary: This study investigates and quantifies the effect of divergence velocity gradient on normal fault growth and rift propagation towards a rotation pole using analogue models. The results show that normal fault growth under rotational extension occurs in stages, with segmented rifting activity and along-strike migration of active faulting. The inward migration is delayed in models with higher divergence velocities, but other observations remain similar. The findings provide insights into fault growth and rift propagation in rotational rifts.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Timothy Chris Schmid, Guido Schreurs, Juergen Adam
Summary: Research has shown that in the evolution of continental rifts, the lower parts of the warm, thick continental crust can flow in a ductile manner to accommodate the thinning of the upper brittle crust. This flow pattern includes extension-parallel horizontal inward flow and vertical upward flow to compensate for the thinning of the brittle upper crustal layer, as well as rift-axis parallel lateral flow that compensates for greater amounts of thinning further away from the rotation axis. The mechanical coupling between the brittle and viscous layers also changes during rift propagation.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2022)
Article
Archaeology
Christoph Nitsche, Guido Schreurs, Vincent Serneels
Summary: The production of lathe-turned tripod vessels made from softstone by the Rasikajy population in northern Madagascar is a significant feature. This study analyzed the petrology of the raw material and revealed significant mineralogical and chemical variations among different quarries. These findings have important implications for the provenance study of softstones.
JOURNAL OF FIELD ARCHAEOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
F. Zwaan, G. Schreurs
Summary: Rifting and continental break-up are fundamental processes in tectonics, but studying them is challenging due to the large temporal and spatial scales involved. We propose a novel method for modeling lithospheric-scale rifting, which combines X-ray CT scanning with digital image correlation techniques to monitor and gain insights into model deformation.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Frank Zwaan, Guido Schreurs
Summary: The East African Rift System (EARS) is a significant tectonic feature that splits the African continent between the Nubian Plate and the Somalian Plate. This study uses analogue models to explore the dynamic evolution of the EARS within a rotational-rifting framework. The models show that rotational rifting leads to lateral propagation of deformation, resulting in the southward propagation of the EARS. The arrangement of structural weaknesses in the models leads to various structures and the localization of rift basins.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Timothy Chris Schmid, Sascha Brune, Anne Glerum, Guido Schreurs
Summary: Continental rifts evolve through the linkage and interaction of adjacent individual segments. The propagation of rift segments can cause significant re-orientation of the local stress field, which in turn affects the deformation and deflection of propagating rift segments. Numerical and analog experiments show that stress re-orientation and segment linkage can lead to counterintuitive rift deflection, as observed in nature. Our results highlight the close link between strain localization, stress re-orientation, and rift deflection, suggesting their importance in understanding continental rifting processes.
Review
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Frank Zwaan, Guido Schreurs, Susanne J. H. Buiter, Oriol Ferrer, Riccardo Reitano, Michael Rudolf, Ernst Willingshofer
Summary: Basin inversion is the reversal of subsidence in a basin due to compressional tectonic forces, and it is highly important for scientific, societal, and economic reasons. Analogue tectonic modelling plays a key role in studying basin inversion, and this review paper summarizes the advances and challenges in analogue modelling of basin inversion, as well as the opportunities for future research.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Frank Zwaan, Pauline Chenin, Duncan Erratt, Gianreto Manatschal, Guido Schreurs
Summary: The study used analogue models to investigate the interaction between different oriented weaknesses in the crust and mantle. It was found that crustal weaknesses typically express themselves first at the surface, forming grabens parallel to their orientation, while the influence of mantle weaknesses becomes dominant later. The extension direction has minimal control on rift trends, and present-day rift orientations are not always indicative of past extension directions.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Frank Zwaan, Guido Schreurs, Susanne J. H. Buiter