Article
Psychology, Social
Samantha Kassirer, Jillian J. Jordan, Maryam Kouchaki
Summary: This study investigates the impact of giving-by-proxy experiences on subsequent charitable behavior. The results show that such experiences can trigger increases in charitable behavior, and participants tend to take credit for their behavior, regardless of the level of autonomy in the giving-by-proxy experience.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Fernando Aguiar, Guido Corradi, Pilar Aguilar
Summary: The physical decay of the elderly can lead to disgust and social rejection, which may result in their exclusion. Experimental studies have found that elderly people are judged less harshly for immoral or disgusting behavior compared to younger people. Greater sensitivity to disgust leads to harsher moral judgments, but those with lower sensitivity to disgust tend to be more condescending towards older people.
CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Business
William Rehg
Summary: The concept of business firms as group moral agents provides a useful framework for understanding corporate moral responsibility, but it raises the corporate autonomy problem (CAP) - the question of whether firms have basic moral rights. To avoid CAP while maintaining a broadly Kantian framework, it is better to view firms as cooperative, compositionally derivative moral agents. In this perspective, firms are not ends in themselves and should not be regarded as bearers of basic moral rights.
JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS
(2023)
Review
Business
Martin Rochi
Summary: Artificial intelligence has a growing influence on our daily lives, raising concerns about technology paternalism (TP) where algorithms make decisions without user consent and potentially threaten users' well-being. However, TP has been neglected in recent scientific debates, and little is known about how smart products affect user perceptions of autonomy and control. This paper summarizes the state of knowledge on TP and develops a theoretical framework for understanding its relationship with technology acceptance and resistance, using psychological reactance theory (PRT) to propose future research directions and highlight challenges in studying the acceptance of smart products.
TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Zachary Obinna Enumah, Joseph Carrese, Chun Woo Choi
Summary: This article discusses the ethical challenges and considerations related to the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), emphasizing the importance of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice as core principles of bioethics. Case studies highlight the careful balance between benefits and harms in ECMO utilization, as well as the nuances of physician autonomy and variations in interpretation and delivery of ECMO among different providers.
ANNALS OF THORACIC SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Wen Wu, Xiuqing Huang, Xinyu Li
Summary: Based on research on moral issues in the fields of ethics and psychology, a concept of technology moral sense (TMS) was established by investigating three dimensions- technology moral consensus, cognition, and emotion. A scale was adopted and questionnaire surveys were conducted to test the reliability and validity of the TMS scale.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Aasa Kvia, Christel Dahl, Trond Gronnestad, Malfrid J. Frahm Jensen
Summary: The study aims to investigate the transition towards a recovery-supporting model for health care services in a Norwegian municipality. Through focus groups, three main themes were identified: reflections on attitudes and actions, lack of patient participation, and balancing paternalistic attitudes with patients' autonomy. The findings highlight the need for tools, mechanisms, and structures to support a recovery-oriented approach for patients in need of mental health and substance use treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH AND ADDICTION
(2021)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Samantha Schubert, Lynn V. Monrouxe, Niels Buus, Caroline Hunt
Summary: This study examines how clinical psychology trainees and supervisors construct identities for themselves and clients during supervision sessions. The findings show that clients were often positioned as fragile, while clinical psychologists claimed positions of responsibility in managing their distress. Supervisors played an active role in linguistically positioning clients and trainees in this way, and trainees rarely contested these identities. The study highlights the need to support the construction of professional identities for clinical psychologists in ways that do not perpetuate paternalism.
Article
Ethics
Manal Z. Alfahmi
Summary: In Saudi clinical settings, family dominance in healthcare decisions is common and justified by sociocultural values. However, when families prevent competent patients from knowing their diagnoses and prognoses or making their own decisions, it raises ethical concerns.
BMC MEDICAL ETHICS
(2022)
Article
History & Philosophy Of Science
Richard Pettigrew
Summary: When is it legitimate for a government to 'nudge' its citizens, as described by Thaler and Sunstein (2008)? In their original work, Thaler and Sunstein developed the 'as judged by themselves' test to answer this question. However, Paul and Sunstein (2019) raised a concern about this test, stating that it often fails when decision-making leads to personally transformative experiences. In this paper, the author seeks to find an alternative test based on an aggregate utility account.
Article
Ethics
Michael Kuehler
Summary: Health apps serve to monitor and promote users' health, while the development of AI health apps raises the issue of AI paternalism, which requires further ethical discussion to determine under what conditions AI paternalism might be considered acceptable.
Article
Ethics
Klara Eberle, Martin Grosse Holtforth, Marc Inderbinen, Jens Gaab, Yvonne Nestoriuc, Manuel Trachsel
Summary: The survey showed that psychotherapists generally consider informed consent as an important prerequisite for therapy, and important information should be communicated to patients. Additionally, aspects such as self-determined decision-making and discussion of treatment goals were deemed crucial by the majority of participants.
BMC MEDICAL ETHICS
(2021)
Article
Ethics
David M. Douglas, Justine Lacey, David Howard
Summary: Computational design combined with AI and 3D printing technology can develop customized surgical tools in healthcare, improving surgical outcomes. Through stakeholder interviews, various professional responsibilities in the development and deployment process of computationally designed tools have been identified.
ETHICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Joanna Demaree-Cotton, Roseanna Sommers
Summary: This study examines how ordinary people reason about the validity of consent. The findings show that participants are less likely to view consent as valid when agents lack autonomous decision-making capacities. Specific incapacities reduce judgments of valid consent, but not exercising these capacities does not. The study also demonstrates the important downstream consequences of autonomy on moral reasoning about third-party rights and obligations.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Ilan Tamir, Michael Bar-eli
Summary: The introduction of Video Assistant Referee (VAR) technology in soccer sparked concerns and criticism, but it ultimately represents a significant revision in modern professional soccer and a moral revolution in the sport as a whole. VAR not only improves professional standards, public image, and moral standards such as fair play, but also highlights additional weaknesses in current soccer regulations that will likely need to be addressed in the future.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
