Article
Physiology
Alyssa N. Varanoske, Melissa N. Harris, Callie Hebert, Emily E. Howard, Neil M. Johannsen, Steven B. Heymsfield, Frank L. Greenway, Lee M. Margolis, Harris R. Lieberman, Robbie A. Beyl, David D. Church, Arny A. Ferrando, Stefan M. Pasiakos, Jennifer C. Rood
Summary: This study demonstrated that a single intramuscular dose of testosterone undecanoate (750 mg) administered to physically active males before a 20-day simulated, multi-stressor military operation increased circulating total and free testosterone concentrations within normal physiological ranges and spared fat-free mass (FFM). However, testosterone administration did not attenuate decrements in physical performance across multiple measures of power, strength, anaerobic or aerobic capacity.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Alyssa N. Varanoske, Melissa N. Harris, Callie Hebert, Emily E. Howard, Neil M. Johannsen, Steven B. Heymsfield, Frank L. Greenway, Lee M. Margolis, Harris R. Lieberman, Robbie A. Beyl, David D. Church, Arny A. Ferrando, Stefan M. Pasiakos, Jennifer C. Rood
Summary: A single dose of testosterone undecanoate administered before a simulated military operation can protect fat-free mass but does not prevent decrements in physical performance.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Linda S. H. Gan, Priscilla W. P. Fan, Junren Zhang, Heinrich W. Nolte, Karl E. Friedl, Bradley C. Nindl, Jason K. W. Lee
Summary: This study aimed to assess the physiological effects of multiple stressors, including energy deficit, during a 62-day Ranger course in a hot-humid environment. The findings showed that the course placed high metabolic and stress demands on the participants, resulting in weight loss and decreased explosive power. Additionally, Asian soldiers may have an energetic advantage due to their smaller body size compared to Western counterparts.
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND MEDICINE IN SPORT
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Robert E. Anderson, Shanon L. Casperson, Hannah Kho, Kyle D. Flack
Summary: This review examines the role of dietary protein in body weight regulation during energy deficit in active-duty military personnel. Results suggest that protein intake greater than 0.8 g/kg/day can mitigate the decline in lean body mass during energy deficit, while intakes up to 1.6 g/kg/day may be preferred. However, further research is needed due to variations in the severity and duration of energy deficit.
Article
Physiology
Stephen A. Foulis, Karl E. Friedl, Barry A. Spiering, Leila A. Walker, Katelyn I. Guerriere, Vincent P. Pecorelli, David J. Zeppetelli, Marinaliz C. Reynoso, Kathryn M. Taylor, Julie M. Hughes
Summary: In 1981, the US military implemented body fat standards to improve physical readiness and prevent obesity. This study examined the accuracy of circumference-based equations in assessing changes in body fat percentage (BF%) during Army Basic Combat Training (BCT) in young adult recruits. The results showed that circumference measures underestimated BF% at the start of BCT in both genders. Additionally, circumference measures did not accurately detect changes in BF% during BCT in women and underestimated the changes in men.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Daning Hao, Lingji Kong, Zutao Zhang, Weihua Kong, Alaeldin M. Tairab, Xiao Luo, Ammar Ahmed, Yaowen Yang
Summary: This paper proposes an electromagnetic energy harvester that converts human motion energy into electricity for military personnel. The harvester consists of a motion energy harvesting module and an energy storage module. The proposed harvester utilizes a Halbach magnet array with a half-wave rectification mechanism to improve the power output. Experimental results showed that the power density of the proposed harvester with rectification mechanism could reach 190% of that without rectification at specific excitation conditions. The maximum output power reached 39.02 mW, confirming the feasibility of the proposed harvester for military personnel.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSESSMENTS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Manoela Vieira Sousa, Ricardo Sebastiao, Pedro Fonseca, Sara Morais, Denise Soares, Ines de Sousa, Leandro Machado, Filipa Sousa, Mario Vaz, Joao Paulo Vilas-Boas
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of increased load carriage on the lower limbs kinematics of male military personnel. The study found that there were differences in stance, swing, and double support times between load conditions. There was an interaction between load and limb for joint angles during midstance, with limbs performing different movements in the frontal plane during loaded gait. Load increase had a different effect on the right knee.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Keyne Charlot
Summary: During military training, soldiers often experience energy deficits due to their inability to increase energy intake during high-intensity training. Besides the adequacy of ration energy content, other factors may also contribute to soldiers voluntarily reducing food consumption. Therefore, finding strategies to spontaneously increase energy intake is crucial.
Article
Orthopedics
Ruth L. Chimenti, Molly S. Pacha, Natalie A. Glass, Mathew Frazier, Amy O. Bowles, Andrew D. Valantine, Kristin R. Archer, Jason M. Wilken
Summary: The level of kinesiophobia during recovery from lower extremity injury is associated with less improvement in physical function.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alejandra Carretero-Krug, Natalia ubeda, Carlos Velasco, Juan Medina-Font, Trinidad Trujillo Laguna, Gregorio Varela-Moreiras, Ana Montero
Summary: The study found that 81% of Spanish aeronautical military men met hydration criteria, while 19% did not. Those who did not meet the criteria had poorer water balance and higher anxiety status. Hydration status was significantly related to body fat percentage, indicating a relationship between hydration status and body composition.
MILITARY MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Diego A. Martinez, Jordan T. Weil, Nawin Suesuttajit, Cole Umberson, Abdullah Scott, Craig N. Coon
Summary: This study models the relationship among performance, whole body composition, and processing yield using meta-regression. The results show that body composition can predict carcass conformation and market value in broilers.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Davide Gravina, Johanna Louise Keeler, Melahat Nur Akkese, Sevgi Bektas, Paula Fina, Charles Tweed, Gerd-Dieter Willmund, Janet Treasure, Hubertus Himmerich
Summary: In recent years, the incidence of overweight and obesity among military personnel has been increasing worldwide. This study examines the effectiveness of weight loss interventions and the importance of current obesity treatments in this population. The findings suggest that current interventions can effectively reduce body weight and body mass index in military populations.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Guochang Fang, Zhengye Gao, Chuanwang Sun
Summary: This paper studies the relationship between the development of the new energy industry and carbon emissions. The findings show that scale expansion has an inverted U-shaped relationship with carbon emissions, while the application of technology has a continuous effect in reducing emissions. The study emphasizes the importance of considering both scale and technology dimensions in the energy transformation process.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Development Studies
Daryoosh Borzuei, Seyed Farhan Moosavian, Abolfazl Ahmadi
Summary: This study evaluates the impact of price and energy consumption on renewable energy development in different economic growth regimes in Iran using the threshold regression approach. The results show a negative relationship between energy prices and the share of renewable energy during high economic growth.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
Article
Business
Shiwei Yu, Jie Liu, Xing Hu, Peng Tian
Summary: The study found that increasing renewable energy development has a significant impact on reducing energy intensity, while economic development and non-renewable energy consumption structure have different effects on energy intensity. In order to improve the technical content of international trade products, all countries should increase renewable energy consumption.
TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Emily K. Farina, Lauren A. Thompson, Joseph J. Knapik, Stefan M. Pasiakos, James P. McClung, Harris R. Lieberman
Summary: This study found that anthropometrics and body composition are predictors of physical performance and success in special forces selection.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Emily E. Howard, Lee M. Margolis, Maya A. Fussell, Clifford G. Rios, Eric M. Meisterling, Christopher J. Lena, Stefan M. Pasiakos, Nancy R. Rodriguez
Summary: This pilot study examines the effect of increased protein intake on myofibrillar protein synthesis and gene expression before ACL reconstruction. The results suggest that increased protein intake may enhance myofibrillar protein synthesis, but does not significantly affect proteolytic and myogenic gene expression.
Article
Immunology
Alyssa N. Varanoske, Holly L. McClung, John J. Sepowitz, Christopher J. Halagarda, Emily K. Farina, Claire E. Berryman, Harris R. Lieberman, James P. McClung, Stefan M. Pasiakos, J. Philip Karl
Summary: Although increased intestinal permeability was not observed during military survival training, increased BBB permeability was associated with stress and cognitive decline, while FFM loss was associated with mood disturbance, suggesting that distinct mechanisms may contribute to decrements in cognitive performance and mood state during severe physical and psychological stress experienced during military survival training.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Emily E. Howard, Mahalakshmi Shankaran, Willian J. Evans, Claire E. Berryman, Lee M. Margolis, Harris R. Lieberman, J. Philip Karl, Andrew J. Young, Monty A. Montano, Marcy D. Matthews, Alec Bizieff, Edna Nyangao, Hussein Mohammed, Melissa N. Harris, Marc K. Hellerstein, Jennifer C. Rood, Stefan M. Pasiakos
Summary: The effects of testosterone on muscle protein synthesis, proteome-wide synthesis rates, and muscle mass during energy deficit were investigated. The results showed that compared to the placebo group, the testosterone group had higher proteome-wide synthesis rates and muscle mass during recovery, suggesting a stimulatory effect of exogenous testosterone on muscle protein synthesis during energy deficit.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
John W. Carbone, Stefan M. Pasiakos
Summary: This review examines the digestibility of animal and plant proteins, their effects on muscle protein synthesis, and their association with sarcopenia. Animal proteins are more digestible and stimulate muscle protein synthesis more effectively. However, modified plant proteins can have comparable digestion and absorption kinetics. Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of these modified plant protein sources in reducing the risk of sarcopenia.
CURRENT OPINION IN CLINICAL NUTRITION AND METABOLIC CARE
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Alyssa N. Varanoske, Melissa N. Harris, Callie Hebert, Emily E. Howard, Neil M. Johannsen, Steven B. Heymsfield, Frank L. Greenway, Lee M. Margolis, Harris R. Lieberman, Robbie A. Beyl, David D. Church, Arny A. Ferrando, Stefan M. Pasiakos, Jennifer C. Rood
Summary: This study demonstrated that a single intramuscular dose of testosterone undecanoate (750 mg) administered to physically active males before a 20-day simulated, multi-stressor military operation increased circulating total and free testosterone concentrations within normal physiological ranges and spared fat-free mass (FFM). However, testosterone administration did not attenuate decrements in physical performance across multiple measures of power, strength, anaerobic or aerobic capacity.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Meaghan E. Beckner, Harris R. Lieberman, Adrienne Hatch-McChesney, Jillian T. Allen, Philip J. Niro, Lauren A. Thompson, J. Philip Karl, Jess A. Gwin, Lee M. Margolis, Stephen R. Hennigar, James P. McClung, Stefan M. Pasiakos
Summary: Sustained military operations conducted with physical and cognitive stress and limited sleep can lead to degraded cognitive performance and mood. It is unclear whether maintaining energy balance can mitigate these declines.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Oshin Vartanian, Timothy K. Lam, David R. Mandel, Sidney Ann Saint, Gorka Navarrete, Owen T. Carmichael, Kori Murray, Sreekrishna R. Pillai, Preetham Shankapal, John Caldwell, Claire E. Berryman, J. Philip Karl, Melissa Harris, Jennifer C. Rood, Stefan M. Pasiakos, Emma Rice, Matthew Duncan, Harris R. Lieberman
Summary: Previous research has shown that people are more risk averse when making choices about lives compared to cash. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial, we found that exogenous testosterone administration did not impact choice, but it increased sensitivity to negative feedback after risky choices.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Claire E. Berryman, Susan N. Cheung, Erika M. Collette, Stefan M. Pasiakos, Harris R. Lieberman, Victor L. Fulgoni III
Summary: This study characterizes habitual amino acid intakes in the US population and finds that the intakes exceed the recommended minimum requirements. Furthermore, there are differences in amino acid intakes among different races and genders.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Bradley M. Ritland, J. L. Judkins, J. A. Naylor, J. R. Kardouni, S. M. Pasiakos, J. M. Jayne
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep and pain intensity in military personnel and to determine if there were differences in sleep metrics and pain intensity between the injured and uninjured individuals. The results showed that pain intensity was positively correlated with sleep quality and daytime sleepiness, and negatively associated with sleep duration. Injured participants reported higher pain intensity, poorer sleep quality, and shorter sleep duration compared to uninjured participants.
BMJ MILITARY HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Lee M. Margolis, Stefan M. Pasiakos
Summary: High energy expenditure without increased energy intake leads to severe energy deficits during cold-weather military operations. These deficits are associated with negative physiological effects and decreased physical performance. Increasing energy density through higher dietary fat intake may be an effective nutritional intervention to reduce energy deficits and mitigate the negative effects.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIRCUMPOLAR HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jesse A. Stein, J. Philip Karl, Claire E. Berryman, Melissa N. Harris, Jennifer C. Rood, Stefan M. Pasiakos, Harris R. Lieberman
Summary: This study examined the effects of testosterone administration on the serum metabolome during severe energy deficit. The results showed that testosterone administration altered certain metabolites and these changes were associated with changes in body composition.
Meeting Abstract
Sport Sciences
Bradley M. Ritland, Jason L. Judkins, Jacob A. Naylor, Joseph R. Kardouni, Stefan M. Pasiakos, Julianna M. Jayne
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Sport Sciences
Alyssa N. Varanoske, Melissa N. Harris, Callie Hebert, Emily E. Howard, Neil M. Johannsen, Steven B. Heymsfield, Frank L. Greenway, Lee M. Margolis, Harris R. Lieberman, David D. Church, Arny A. Ferrando, Jennifer C. Rood, Stefan M. Pasiakos
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Sport Sciences
Lee M. Margolis, J. Philip Karl, Marques M. Wilson, Julie L. Coleman, Claire C. Whitney, Stefan M. Pasiakos
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)