Article
Thermodynamics
K. Chopra, V. V. Tyagi, Sakshi Popli, A. K. Pandey
Summary: The aim of this study is to analyze the economic condition of heat pipe based solar water heating technology in India. A computation model combining the Monte Carlo Technique and Multi-energy/economic relations has been developed to consider the risks and uncertainties of different variables. The results show that Zone-V has the lowest Levelized Cost of Warmth (LCWH) and Payback Period (PP), making it the most favorable location for solar water heater installation. The mean values of LCWH, Net Present Value (NPV), and PP are 5.14 INR/kWh, 663788.48 INR, and 5.84 years respectively. However, optimization can further improve the NPV and PP by decreasing the LCWH. The Monte Carlo Technique provides more accurate forecasts by considering the probability range of different states.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
S. Mojtaba Tabarhoseini, M. Sheikholeslami
Summary: This research focused on examining the thermal characteristic of a thermosyphon evacuated tube collector for domestic use and modifying the structure by adding longitudinal fins within the absorber to enhance thermal efficiency. Computational fluid dynamics were used to study the efficacy of water-based Cu and MWCNT nanofluids in different volume fractions on the collector's performance. The analysis also discussed the impact of variations in solar radiation incidence angles on fluid flow structure and average tank temperature, revealing improvements in heat transfer and system's thermal efficiency with the employment of longitudinal fins.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSESSMENTS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohamad Aramesh, Bahman Shabani
Summary: This study presents a novel self-storing design of evacuated tube solar collector (ETSC) with a PCM-MF composite, which shows superior performance in storage and transfer of solar thermal energy compared to designs with pure PCM or PCM-fin composite. Despite containing less mass of PCM, the design with PCM-MF composite achieves higher maximum output temperature and stores more thermal energy. It also demonstrates longer temperature maintenance during periods without solar energy input.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Arun Uniyal, Yogesh K. Prajapati, Siddharth Suman
Summary: Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulation was used to compare the heat transfer and melting characteristics of a copper U-tube based evacuated tube solar collector filled with different phase change materials. The results showed that the evolution of natural convection current and vortices within the collector differed for each phase change material, affecting their melting and heat transfer behavior. Lauric acid had the highest liquid fraction while stearic acid had the lowest. Increasing the mass flow rate of the heat transfer fluid resulted in a decrease in the liquid fraction of paraffin wax.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Filippo Zonta, Lucia Sanchis, Eero Hirvijoki
Summary: The paper proposes a novel scheme to improve statistics of simulated fast-ion loss signals and power loads in fusion devices by using backward and forward Monte Carlo methods. By implementing this scheme to the ASCOT suite of codes, significant improvements in fast-ion simulations have been achieved for testing purposes.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Babu Sasi Kumar Subrananiam, Arun Kumar Sugumaran, Muthu Manokar Athikesavan
Summary: The main focus of this study is to determine the performance efficiency of water-%CuO nanofluids and water at different flow rates. The results show that dispersing copper oxide nanoparticles in water can improve thermal efficiency. The highest efficiency was observed with water-0.3% vol CuO nanofluids at a flow rate of 0.035 lit/sec in the evacuated tube collector.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Santanu Malakar, Vinkel Kumar Arora, Prabhat K. Nema, Vikrant Yadav
Summary: The growing demand for solar energy as a replacement for fossil fuels is leading to reduced carbon emissions and global warming. Evacuated tube solar collectors (ETSC) are used in various sectors for air heating, water heating, and drying, and several factors such as fin arrangement, integration of phase change material, and solar radiation influence their performance. This review paper discusses the thermal performance parameters of ETSC-based solar air heaters and dryers, including collector efficiency, dryer efficiency, energy and exergy efficiency, and heat loss during operations. The potential of using solar air heaters (SAH) for food commodity drying is also explored, along with the use of nanofluids and phase change materials to improve thermal performance. Additionally, CO2 mitigation analysis and global standards for ETSC-based air heaters and dryers are compiled.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Mohit Singla, Vishavjeet Singh Hans, Sukhmeet Singh
Summary: Through Computational Fluid Dynamics analysis, it was found that applying rib roughness in a solar evacuated tube collector can significantly enhance the thermo-hydraulic performance, affecting Nusselt number and frictional resistance.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jing-hu Gong, Zhi-hao Sun, Jun Wang, Peter D. Lund
Summary: In this study, a metal heat pipe is replaced with a glass heat pipe to address the sealing problem in the joint between the glass outer layer and the metal. A reflective film is added to the lower part of the outer tube to improve energy efficiency. The results show that the all-glass structure can cope with transient local heating changes and adding a reflective film increases optical efficiency and energy output.
Article
Thermodynamics
Hong-Jin Joo, Hee-Youl Kwak, Minsuk Kong
Summary: The present study experimentally investigates the effect of twisted tape inserts on the thermal performance of an eccentric inlet and outlet heat pipe evacuated-tube solar thermal collector (HP-ESTC). The results show that the addition of twisted tape inserts enhances heat transfer performance by eliminating stagnation flow, reducing flow skewness, and generating rotating flow. A comprehensive performance analysis considering both heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics confirms that using twisted tape inserts can improve overall performance by approximately 7.7%. To assess its applicability for commercial HP-ESTCs, an HP-ESTC containing twisted tape inserts was manufactured and tested outdoors.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Santanu Malakar, Vinkel Kumar Arora, Prabhat K. Nema
Summary: The study designed and developed an evacuated tube collector-based solar dryer with heat pipe for drying garlic cloves. Experimental results showed that the dryer performed best at an air flow velocity of 2 m/s, capable of efficiently drying garlic cloves within 8 hours with a short payback period of 1.3 years.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Sami M. Alelyani, Xinyue Han, Weston K. Bertrand, P. Ashok Kumar, G. Praveen Kumar, Patrick E. Phelan
Summary: The study focuses on a new design of an evacuated glass tube solar adsorption cooling module, which combines an adsorption-based heat pump system and an evacuated glass tube solar collector. The study presents a theoretical model and experimental data analysis, indicating the feasibility of the module under various design parameters.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Anand Kushwah, Anil Kumar, Manoj Kumar Gaur, Amit Pal
Summary: A prototype heat exchanger-evacuated tube assisted drying system (HE-ETADS) was fabricated and tested under different water flow rates. The results showed that the system has the potential to enhance drying rate and reduce payback period.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSESSMENTS
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Bin Du, Peter D. Lund, Jun Wang
Summary: This study analyzed the thermal performance modeling and performance prediction of a novel all-glass straight-through evacuated tube collector. Different artificial neural network (ANN) models were considered and a comprehensive experimental dataset with more than 200 samples were used for testing. The convolutional neural network (CNN) model proved to be the best ANN model in terms of prediction accuracy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Adarsh Abi Mathew, Venugopal Thangavel, Neeta Amol Mandhare, Masnaji R. Nukulwar
Summary: A new solar dryer system that can work with multiple heat storage mediums was developed and analyzed. The system utilized a heat pipe layout and thermal storage mediums to achieve high energy efficiency. The experiments showed that the system performed well with therminol-55 as the thermal storage medium, achieving a maximum drying air temperature of 118 degrees Celsius.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
V. Corato, C. Vorpahl, K. Sedlak, V. A. Anvar, J. Bennet, M. E. Biancolini, F. Bonne, R. Bonifetto, D. P. Boso, A. Brighenti, P. Bruzzone, G. Celentano, A. Della Corte, G. De Marzi, V. D'Auria, F. Dematte, A. Dembkowska, O. Dicuonzo, C. Fiamozzi Zignani, W. H. Fietz, C. Frittitta, L. Giannini, F. Giorgetti, R. Guarino, R. Heller, C. Hoa, M. Huguet, G. Jiolat, M. Kumar, B. Lacroix, M. Lewandowska, N. Misiara, L. Morici, L. Muzzi, D. S. Nickel, S. Nicollet, A. Nijhuis, F. Nunio, C. Portafaix, X. Sarasola, L. Savoldi, I. Tiseanu, G. Tomassetti, A. Torre, S. Turtu, D. Uglietti, R. Vallcorba, K. -p. Weiss, R. Wesche, M. J. Wolf, K. Yagotintsev, L. Zani, R. Zanino, A. Zappatore
Summary: This paper presents the pre-concept design of the European DEMO Magnet System, which has passed the DEMO plant-level gate review. The design parameters are based on the DEMO 2018 baseline and include the design studies of magnet coils, conductors, and auxiliary systems. Thermal-hydraulic and mechanical analyses as well as experimental tests were conducted. Two TF coil concepts and two CS module schemes were selected for further development during the Concept Design Phase.
FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Laura Savoldi, Daniele Placido, Sofia Viarengo
Summary: This study provides an overview of the main characteristics of thermal-hydraulic models used for analyzing the cooling of high critical temperature superconducting power transmission cables. The lack of a general model capable of addressing thermal-hydraulic transients and capturing different cable designs and cryogens is emphasized.
SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Laura Savoldi, Daniele Placido, Sofia Viarengo
Summary: This article introduces a new software, OPEN Super Conducting Cables (OPENSC2), which simulates the thermal-hydraulic transient in forced-flow superconducting cables. It provides an open tool for the research community and has been validated through three test cases.
Article
Thermodynamics
Hossein Ebadi, Francesco Carrone, Rosa Difonzo, Joris Fellinger, Heinrich P. Laqua, Niko Schneider, Laura Savoldi
Summary: The second operating phase of the W7X stellarator focuses on testing divertor tiles with a continuous heat load of 10 MW/m2, and a novel cooling concept using micro-channels is investigated. Detailed simulations are performed to ensure cooling uniformity, with a multi-scale approach to optimize computational efficiency. The model is verified and used to evaluate the thermal-hydraulic performance of the entire cooling system.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Pietro Arena, Gaetano Bongiovi, Ilenia Catanzaro, Cristiano Ciurluini, Aldo Collaku, Alessandro Del Nevo, Pietro Alessandro Di Maio, Matteo D'Onorio, Fabio Giannetti, Vito Imbriani, Pietro Maccari, Lorenzo Melchiorri, Fabio Moro, Rocco Mozzillo, Simone Noce, Laura Savoldi, Simone Siriano, Alessandro Tassone, Marco Utili
Summary: This paper presents the architecture and design of the water-cooled lead lithium breeding blanket (WCLL BB), focusing on the differences between the pre-conceptual version and the conceptual layout. It also describes the interfaces between the BB and various in-vessel systems.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Aldo Collaku, Pietro Arena, Alessandro Del Nevo, Ranieri Marinari, Laura Savoldi
Summary: A scaled-down test section for the European DEMO's Outboard Segment manifold of the Water-Cooled Lithium Lead Breeding Blanket has been designed to be installed and tested in a high-mass flow branch of the W-HYDRA facility. The test section aims to confirm the computed flow repartition in the breeding units and validate the computational tools used for design and analysis. This paper presents the detailed objectives, requirements, scaling rationale, and procedure for the test section, as well as discusses its final design and preliminary analyses.
Article
Energy & Fuels
D. Lerede, L. Savoldi
Summary: This study develops a method based on S-curves theory to depict plausible developments in the electricity sector and performs projections on electricity generation potentials. The results show that the projected growth trend of electricity generation technologies would be sufficient to meet the expected global demand.
ENERGY STRATEGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hossein Ebadi, Antonio Cammi, Rosa Difonzo, Jose Rodriguez, Laura Savoldi
Summary: An experimental study assessed the performance of a tubular absorber enhanced with Raschig Rings porous medium for CSP applications. Two designs with different porous lengths were compared. Results showed that the porous inserts increased pressure losses but reduced wall temperature significantly. Applying a surface coating increased solar absorption and reduced thermal losses. Integrating the porous medium changed the temperature profile and improved the energy and exergy efficiencies of the solar absorber.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Marco Utili, Ciro Alberghi, Roberto Bonifetto, Luigi Candido, Aldo Collaku, Belit Garcinuno, Michal Kordac, Daniele Martelli, Rocco Mozzillo, Francesca Papa, David Rapisarda, Laura Savoldi, Fernando R. Urgorri, Domenico Valerio, Alessandro Venturini
Summary: This study presents the latest progress in the design of the water-cooled lithium-lead (WCLL) tritium extraction and removal (TER) system for the European DEMO tokamak reactor. The TER system is optimized to manage tritium concentration, control chemistry, remove corrosion and activated products, store and empty the LIpb, shield equipment, and accommodate overpressure. Tritium extraction is managed by 6 LIpb loops, with different loops for inboard and outboard segments. The design includes new CAD drawings and integration of the TEU into the tokamak building, based on experimental characterization of tritium extraction technologies.
Article
Thermodynamics
Andrea Moglianesi, Ilkka Keppo, Daniele Lerede, Laura Savoldi
Summary: This paper examines the prospects of key low-carbon technologies in the iron and steel sector, focusing on how technology learning impacts their adoption. Using an optimization energy system model with iterative learning formulation and different learning assumptions, the results show that learning has a minor impact in the short and medium term, reducing global carbon emissions in the sector by only 3% at most in 2050 compared to a non-learning scenario. However, high learning potentials for novel processes can lead to a market share of up to 80% by the end of the century. The learning potential for Carbon Capture and Storage processes, however, does not play a role in the simulations.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Antonio Macchiagodena, Marco Breschi, Deborah Buonafine, Gianluca De Marzi, Laura Savoldi
Summary: The ongoing design activities for the European post-ITER fusion demonstrator reactor (DEMO) have proposed options for high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets. This paper presents the development of tools for calculating magnetization losses in a twisted-stacked HTS cable, which is a promising configuration for HTS fusion conductors. The methodology allows for the treatment of twisted conductors by discretizing them into straight pieces.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
(2023)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Marino Corrado, Silvio Cao, Sabrina Grassini, Leonardo Iannucci, Laura Savoldi
Summary: This paper discusses the decontamination of stainless-steel surfaces in Light Water Reactors components and presents a chemical method for the removal of thin surface layers from AISI 304 stainless steel samples. The optimization of the oxidation phase is also explored, considering factors such as solution pH, [KMnO4]/[H+] ratio, and immersion time. Experimental results demonstrate that multiple oxidation cycles followed by cleaning in oxalic acid can effectively dissolve metal from the surface, despite the localized corrosion attack.
NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2023)
Correction
Computer Science, Information Systems
Daniele Placido, Gianluca De Marzi, Luigi Muzzi, Laura Savoldi
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Daniele Placido, Gianluca De Marzi, Luigi Muzzi, Laura Savoldi
Summary: The superconducting coils of the DTT facility are connected to the current leads through SC feeders made of commercial NbTi strands. These feeders operate in a magnetic field generated by the SC coil and plasma, reaching a maximum field strength of 4 T. The performance of the feeders is evaluated during a plasma pulse, considering different cabling configurations to withstand the nominal current at the peak field. The optimal design of the feeder cables is identified based on techno-economic analysis.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Sofia Viarengo, Lucas Brouwer, Paolo Ferracin, Fabio Freschi, Nicolo Riva, Laura Savoldi, Xiaorong Wang
Summary: This paper presents the development and validation of a new multi-physics model for a CORC (R) wound with ReBCO tapes. The model accurately simulates the thermal, electric, and magnetic behaviors and the current sharing among tapes, as verified and benchmarked against a set of test cases.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Siddharth Sradhasagar, Omkar Subhasish Khuntia, Srikanta Biswal, Sougat Purohit, Amritendu Roy
Summary: In this study, machine learning models were developed to predict the bandgap and its character of double perovskite materials, with LGBMRegressor and XGBClassifier models identified as the best predictors. These models were further employed to predict the bandgap of novel bismuth-based transition metal oxide double perovskites, showing high accuracy, especially in the range of 1.2-1.8 eV.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wei Shuai, Haoran Xu, Baoyang Luo, Yihui Huang, Dong Chen, Peiwang Zhu, Gang Xiao
Summary: In this study, a hybrid model based on numerical simulation and deep learning is proposed for the optimization and operation of solar receivers. By applying the model to different application scenarios and considering multiple performance objectives, small errors are achieved and optimal structure parameters and heliostat scales are identified. This approach is not only applicable to gas turbines but also heating systems.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mubashar Ali, Zunaira Bibi, M. W. Younis, Muhammad Mubashir, Muqaddas Iqbal, Muhammad Usman Ali, Muhammad Asif Iqbal
Summary: This study investigates the structural, mechanical, and optoelectronic properties of the BaCuF3 fluoroperovskite using the first-principles modelling approach. The stability and characteristics of different cubic structures of BaCuF3 are evaluated, and the alpha-BaCuF3 and beta-BaCuF3 compounds are found to be mechanically stable with favorable optical properties for solar cells and high-frequency UV applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dong Le Khac, Shahariar Chowdhury, Asmaa Soheil Najm, Montri Luengchavanon, Araa mebdir Holi, Mohammad Shah Jamal, Chin Hua Chia, Kuaanan Techato, Vidhya Selvanathan
Summary: A novel recycling system is proposed in this study to decompose and reclaim the constituent materials of organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs). By utilizing a one-step solution process extraction approach, the chemical composition of each layer is successfully preserved, enabling their potential reuse. The proposed recycling technique helps mitigate pollution risks, minimize waste generation, and reduce recycling costs.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Peijie Lin, Feng Guo, Xiaoyang Lu, Qianying Zheng, Shuying Cheng, Yaohai Lin, Zhicong Chen, Lijun Wu, Zhuang Qian
Summary: This paper proposes an open-set fault diagnosis model for PV arrays based on 1D VoVNet-SVDD. The model accurately diagnoses various types of faults and is capable of identifying unknown fault types.