Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiaoyu Zhou, Zhuofan Wang, Jingjin Fan, Zheng Ouyang
Summary: Ion mobility is utilized in mass spectrometers for analyzing the structure of biomolecules. Researchers demonstrate that ion mobility analysis in an ion trap with ultra-high fields can achieve resolutions over 10,000 for isomer separation, as shown for disaccharide, phospholipid, and peptide isomers. Elucidating complex structures of biomolecules is crucial in chemistry and life sciences. In the last decade, ion mobility coupled with mass spectrometry has become a unique tool for distinguishing isomers and isoforms of biomolecules. This study presents a concept for ion mobility analysis using an ion trap, enabling ultra-high field isomer separation and achieving resolutions over 10,000. The potential of this technology is demonstrated for analyzing isomers of disaccharides, phospholipids, and peptides with post-translational modifications.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Brandon Y. Lieng, Andrew T. Quaile, Xavier Domingo-Almenara, Hannes L. Rost, J. Rafael Montenegro-Burke
Summary: In MS-based untargeted metabolomics, the identification of some metabolites is challenging due to the uncertainties in resolving isobars and structurally similar species. To address this issue, MSn fragmentation techniques can be applied to probe metabolites for additional structural information. However, the lack of high-resolution-MSn spectra in spectral libraries limits the accuracy of metabolite identification. In this study, a computational approach was developed to generate a database of high-resolution-MSn spectra by converting existing low-resolution-MSn spectra.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sergey Osipenko, Anton Bashilov, Anna Vishnevskaya, Lidiia Rumiantseva, Anna Levashova, Anna Kovalenko, Boris Tupertsev, Albert Kireev, Eugene Nikolaev, Yury Kostyukevich
Summary: Mass spectrometry is a crucial technique for studying the metabolic pathways of living organisms. High-resolution mass spectrometry allows for untargeted metabolomics studies, even for multiple compounds labeled simultaneously. We demonstrated the capabilities of high-resolution mass spectrometry in studying the metabolism of a model plant, and showed the usefulness of in vivo labeling with heavy water and tandem mass spectrometry.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Spectroscopy
Thomas Zuellig, Harald C. Koefeler
Summary: The rapid growth of lipidomics research in the past decade is closely linked to advancements in mass spectrometry instrumentation. The shift from low resolution to high-resolution lipidomics platforms is a key trend in the field.
MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Gerjen H. Tinnevelt, Olga Lushchikova, Dillen Augustijn, Mathijs Lochs, Rinze W. Geertsma, Machteld Rijkeboer, Harrie Kools, George Dubelaar, Arnold Veen, Lutgarde M. C. Buydens, Jeroen J. Jansen
Summary: River water is an important source of drinking water in the Netherlands, and continuous monitoring of its quality is necessary. A study has demonstrated that flow cytometry combined with chemometrics can be used for automated assessment of river water quality and serve as an early warning system for harmful contaminants. This method saves time and detects abnormal phytoplankton behavior quickly and accurately.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kefan Ren, Guanyong Su
Summary: A workflow for identifying unknown nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) in environmental samples was established using liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry. Through the fragmentation process of NAC standards, a diagnostic fragment of nitro groups was identified, leading to the discovery of novel NACs in surface soil samples. This integrated strategy enhances the recognition efficiency of both known and unknown NACs.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Kun Wang, Zetao Sun, Fei Zhu, Yunping Xu, Feng Zhou
Summary: The HLA system plays a crucial role in the human immune system and its typing methods have been extensively studied for organ transplantation. In this study, we developed a novel HLA typing technology based on nucleic acid mass spectrometry. Our method accurately typed HLA by measuring the molecular weights of HLAMSTTs with SNPs. The results were validated by PCR-SBT, and the method proved to be rapid, efficient, accurate, and applicable to homozygous and heterozygous samples.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Stamatios Giannoukos, Mohamed Tarik, Christian Ludwig, Serge Biollaz, Jay Slowik, Urs Baltensperger, Andre Stephan Henry Prevot
Summary: Real-time detection and characterization of metals and trace elements in a Swiss biogas production plant were successfully performed using a novel technology, with fast responses and low detection limits. The results of offline and online methods showed good agreement.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Robert S. Plumb, Thomas McDonald, Paul D. Rainville, Jason Hill, Lee A. Gethings, Kelly A. Johnson, Ian D. Wilson
Summary: Vacuum jacketed column (VJC) technology can significantly improve the performance of UHPLC systems, enhancing chromatographic separation and increasing detection capabilities for metabolites. Using the VJC system can reduce peak tailing, increase peak capacity, and enhance the intensity and response of MS peaks.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Ilya I. Pikovskoi, Dmitry S. Kosyakov
Summary: In this study, Kendrick mass defect (KMD) analysis was used to identify oligomer series with different polymerization degrees and structurally related compounds in the Orbitrap mass spectra of Siberian pine dioxane lignin preparation. It was shown that KMD analysis can effectively determine the elemental compositions and structures of oligomers with high molecular weights (> 1 kDa), and was also applied to interpret complex tandem mass spectra and establish main collision-induced dissociation pathways.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Hua Tian, Louis J. Sparvero, Tamil Selvan Anthonymuthu, Wan-Yang Sun, Andrew A. Amoscato, Rong-Rong He, Hulya Bayr, Valerian E. Kagan, Nicholas Winograd
Summary: This study developed a new methodology for comprehensive lipidomic and metabolomic profiling of individual cells on frozen-hydrated tissue sections, combined with cell-type specific lanthanide antibodies analysis. The research revealed distinct variations of distribution and intensities of key ions in different types of cells within the tumor microenvironment. The feasibility of employing SIMS imaging for multi-omics profiling at the single-cell level in the same tissue section opens up possibilities for gaining new insights into cellular interactions in various tissue microenvironments.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Robert A. Quinn, Kehau A. Hagiwara, Ken Liu, Maryam Goudarzi, Wimal Pathmasiri, Lloyd W. Sumner, Thomas O. Metz
Summary: Metabolites from the microbiome have significant impacts on health, but their diversity and functional roles are still being explored. Collaboration between microbiome scientists and analytical chemists is crucial to bridge the gap in expertise and communication, ultimately revealing hidden factors within microbiomes that contribute to maintaining healthy humans and environments.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Adam L. Hollerbach, Randolph Norheim, Pearl Kwantwi-Barima, Richard D. Smith, Yehia M. Ibrahim
Summary: Ion mobility spectrometry with structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM-IMS) offers unprecedented ion path lengths and resolving powers. The development of the 1 m miniature SLIM module based on multilevel SLIM technology has enabled high resolution IMS measurements over the entire mobility range. Comparisons with drift tube IMS-MS show that miniSLIM achieves higher resolving power and allows for single-pass separation of the entire ion mobility range.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Sanaz C. Habibi, Gabe Nagy
Summary: In recent years, ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) has advanced omics-based research with high-resolution platforms, but most separations have been qualitative. The rotational averaged ion neutral collision cross section (CCS) is a quantitative metric for characterizing biomolecules in IMS-MS. Determining CCS in multipass IMS systems has been challenging due to a lack of methods for calculating CCS and the difficulty of requiring identical passes for calibrants and unknown compounds. This study presents a method using average ion velocities to calculate CCS values in cyclic IMS-MS separations, demonstrating good agreement with previous literature and potential applicability to other IMS-MS platforms.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Matthew J. Roberts, Arun S. Moorthy, Edward Sisco, Anthony J. Kearsley
Summary: Mass spectra are important for identifying compounds. A mathematical approach incorporating measurement variability in comparing high-resolution mass spectra is presented. Consensus mass spectra representing each analyte in the comparison are constructed using replicate mass spectra, and the similarity between these data structures is computed. The approach is discussed in the context of discriminating methamphetamine and phentermine using in-source collision induced dissociation mass spectra collected with direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Live H. Hagen, Charles G. Brooke, Claire A. Shaw, Angela D. Norbeck, Hailan Piao, Magnus O. Arntzen, Heather M. Olson, Alex Copeland, Nancy Isern, Anil Shukla, Simon Roux, Vincent Lombard, Bernard Henrissat, Michelle A. O'Malley, Igor V. Grigoriev, Susannah G. Tringe, Roderick I. Mackie, Ljiljana Pasa-Tolic, Phillip B. Pope, Matthias Hess
Summary: The rumen contains a diverse microbial community, including archaea, bacteria, protozoa, and fungi, which play a crucial role in breaking down plant biomass. Anaerobic fungi in the rumen are found to actively degrade recalcitrant fiber with a specific set of carbohydrate-active enzymes, complementing the function of plant cell wall degrading bacteria.
Article
Microbiology
Rene M. Boiteau, Lye Meng Markillie, David W. Hoyt, Dehong Hu, Rosalie K. Chu, Hugh D. Mitchell, Ljiljana Pasa-Tolic, Janet K. Jansson, Christer Jansson
Summary: This study investigated the metabolite exchange mechanism between the grass Brachypodium distachyon and the soil bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens under iron limitation. The results showed that the bacterium consumed root-exuded phytosiderophores in response to iron deficiency and altered the expression of defense-related genes in the plant roots. These findings provide insight into the molecular bases for stress response and metabolite exchange between interacting plants and bacteria under iron-deficient conditions.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Gregory W. Vandergrift, William Kew, Jessica K. Lukowski, Arunima Bhattacharjee, Andrey Liyu, Elizabeth A. Shank, Ljiljana Pasa-Tolic, Venkateshkumar Prabhakaran, Christopher R. Anderton
Summary: This study combines nanospray desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry with 21T FTICR MS, enabling high-resolution and accurate ambient sampling and imaging. By conducting experiments on biological samples and imaging rat brain tissue, isotopic fine structure (IFS) information can be obtained, providing further confidence in molecular annotation.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sung-Hwan Cho, Katalin Toth, Daewon Kim, Phuc H Vo, Chung-Ho Lin, Pubudu P. Handakumbura, Albert Rivas Ubach, Sterling Evans, Ljiljana Pasa-Tolic, Gary Stacey
Summary: The mevalonate pathway is crucial for cellular processes in both animals and plants. In plants, it affects growth, development, and response to stress. The interaction between mevalonate kinase and extracellular ATP receptor P2K1, with phosphorylation impacting plant metabolism, emphasizes the significance of purinergic signaling and the role of eATP in influencing plant metabolic pathways.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
John R. Casey, Rene M. Boiteau, Martin K. M. Engqvist, Zoe Finkel, Gang Li, Justin Liefer, Christian L. Muller, Nathalie Munoz, Michael J. Follows
Summary: Prochlorococcus, the most abundant marine cyanobacterium, has extensive microdiversity. We developed a modeling framework to predict variations in growth rate, metabolic configuration, and physiological state of different strains. The predicted results correlated with observed ecotype abundances, confirming their significance as a measure of fitness.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Jesse W. Wilson, Aivett Bilbao, Juan Wang, Yen-Chen Liao, Dusan Velickovic, Roza Wojcik, Marta Passamonti, Rui Zhao, Andrea F. G. Gargano, Vincent R. Gerbasi, Ljiljana Pasa-Tolicprime, Scott E. Baker, Mowei Zhou
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 cellular infection is mediated by heavily glycosylated spike protein. Recombinant spike protein and receptor-binding domain (RBD) play important roles in seropositivity assays and potential vaccines against viral infection. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry is used to characterize post-translational modifications, including glycosylation. The HILIC top-down MS platform shows great potential in resolving heterogeneous glycoproteins for quality control applications.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Rene M. Boiteau, Daniel J. Repeta
Summary: This study presents a method for determining the dissociation rate constants (k(d)) of iron ligands in seawater and finds that seawater salts accelerate the dissociation of these ligands.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Noah W. Sokol, Eric Slessarev, Gianna L. Marschmann, Alexa Nicolas, Steven J. Blazewicz, Eoin L. Brodie, Mary K. Firestone, Megan M. Foley, Rachel Hestrin, Bruce A. Hungate, Benjamin J. Koch, Bram W. Stone, Matthew B. Sullivan, Olivier Zablocki, Jennifer Pett-Ridge
Summary: Soil microorganisms play a critical role in global biogeochemical cycles, and their metabolic functions are influenced by ecological interactions and the surrounding environment. Understanding microbial life and death can help predict soil biogeochemical dynamics.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jongmin Woo, Geremy C. Clair, Sarah M. Williams, Song Feng, Chia-Feng Tsai, Ronald J. Moore, William B. Chrisler, Richard D. Smith, Ryan T. Kelly, Ljiljana Pasa-Tolic, Charles Ansong, Ying Zhu
Summary: Single-cell proteomics (scProteomics) is a powerful tool for studying cell functions in complex biological systems. However, current methods face challenges in identifying and quantifying low-abundance proteins accurately. In this study, we present a method called transferring identification based on FAIMS filtering (TIFF), which combines ion mobility-enhanced mass spectrometry acquisition and peptide identification to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of label-free scProteomics. By filtering out singly charged ions, the TIFF method extends the ion accumulation times for peptide ions. Peptide identities are determined using a three-dimensional MS1 feature matching approach. Using TIFF, we achieved unbiased proteome analysis of over 1,700 proteins in single HeLa cells, with more than 1,100 proteins consistently identified. We also applied the TIFF method to study time-dependent proteome changes in single murine macrophage cells during lipopolysaccharide stimulation.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Kevin J. Zemaitis, Dusan Velickovic, William Kew, Kyle L. Fort, Maria Reinhardt-Szyba, Annapurna Pamreddy, Yanli Ding, Dharam Kaushik, Kumar Sharma, Alexander A. Makarov, Mowei Zhou, Ljiljana Pasa-Tolic
Summary: This study demonstrates the use of MALDI-MS imaging for direct measurement of core histone proteoforms from tissues, showing their distribution at near-cellular spatial resolution on sections of human kidney. It provides a new tool for high-throughput accurate identification of proteoforms and mapping biomolecule distributions throughout tissue sections in extended mass ranges.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Kevin J. Zemaitis, Mowei Zhou, Willia M. Kew, Ljiljana Pasa-Tolic
Summary: MALDI imaging enables the profiling of proteoforms at a near-cellular level, but identifying unknowns using only intact mass information remains a challenge. Supplementary methods, such as bottom-up and/or top-down proteomics, have been used to create experimental databases for accurate mass matching. This study demonstrates the feasibility of top-down analyses of isolated MALDI protein ions using 193 nm ultraviolet photodissociation, allowing for more comprehensive characterization of proteoforms in MALDI imaging applications.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Sara Forcisi, Franco Moritz, Christopher J. Thompson, Basem Kanawati, Jenny Uhl, Carlos Afonso, Chantal D. Bader, Aiko Barsch, Berin A. Boughton, Rosalie K. Chu, Justine Ferey, Francisco Fernandez-Lima, Celine Gueguen, Dimitri Heintz, Mario Gomez-Hernandez, Kyoung-Soon Jang, Nikolas Kessler, Vaughn Mangal, Rolf Mueller, Ryo Nakabayashi, Edith Nicol, Simone Nicolardi, Magnus Palmblad, Ljiljana Pasa-Tolic, Jacob Porter, Isabelle Schmitz-Afonso, Jong Bok Seo, Eduardo Sommella, Yuri E. M. van der Burgt, Claire Villette, Matthias Witt, Ashley Wittrig, Jeremy J. Wolff, Michael L. Easterling, Frank H. Laukien, Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
Summary: Ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry combined with direct infusion ionization is a fast and accurate method for untargeted metabolomics analysis. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometers play an important role in studying complex chemical systems by enabling unambiguous molecular formula assignment. Through a comparison study involving 17 laboratories worldwide, we found that five laboratories showed comparable and representative performances, providing a reference for future ring trials on blood plasma.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Christian Dewey, Daniel I. Kaplan, Scott Fendorf, Rene M. Boiteau
Summary: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is crucial in controlling the solubility and reactivity of trace metals in the environment. However, understanding the mechanisms of metal-DOM complexation has been challenging due to the complex mixture of organic compounds in DOM. In this study, a quantitative method using liquid chromatography with online inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS) was developed to fractionate and detect organic-metal complexes. The method demonstrated high accuracy in quantifying the concentrations of organic-metal complexes and was used to investigate the effects of different stationary phases on the recovery and separation of trace metals in natural organic matter. It also revealed distinct metal-DOM speciation in oxidized and reduced soils. This method provides a valuable tool for advancing our understanding of metal-organic complexation in the environment.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Limnology
Carlos Miranda, Rene M. M. Boiteau, Amy M. M. McKenna, Angela N. N. Knapp
Summary: Marine dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen (DOC and DON) are important global carbon and nutrient reservoirs. An optimized analytical strategy was developed to recover marine DON for molecular characterization. Different solid phase extraction (SPE) sorbents showed varying retention efficiencies for DON, with C-18 recovering the highest amount (95%) compared to PPL (23%). The molecular composition of DON extracts differed between sorbents, with optimized methods capturing low molecular weight peptide-like compounds.
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Swapna Kollu, Anusha Sairavi, Stephanie Thibert, Mowei Zhou, Xiao-Xin Sun, Mushui Dai, Ljiljana Pasa-Tolic, Hiroyuki Nakai
Article
Soil Science
C. Beraud, F. Piola, J. Gervaix, G. Meiffren, C. Creuze des Chatelliers, A. Delort, C. Boisselet, S. Poussineau, E. Lacroix, A. A. M. Cantarel
Summary: This study investigated the soil factors influencing the development of biological denitrification inhibition (BDI) and found that initial soil moisture, ammonium concentration, and the initial abundance of certain microbial genes play significant roles in BDI development. Additionally, the research highlighted the relevance of biotic factors in explaining BDI and proposed the use of procyanidin concentration from plant belowground system as a new proxy for measuring BDI intensity.
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Soil Science
Yizhu Qiao, Tingting Wang, Qiwei Huang, Hanyue Guo, He Zhang, Qicheng Xu, Qirong Shen, Ning Ling
Summary: Soil microbial community coalescence, the mixing and interaction of microbial communities, has been found to enhance the stability and complexity of rhizobacterial networks, leading to improved plant health and biomass. This study investigated the effects of different degrees of bacterial community coalescence on plant disease resistance by mixing soils from healthy and diseased habitats for watermelon planting. The results showed that mixing in more healthy soil reduced the plant disease index and increased biomass by improving the stability and complexity of the rhizobacterial network. Core taxa Nitrospirillum and Singulisphaera were enriched in the rhizosphere from healthy soils and played important roles in disease suppression and regulating the positive cohesion and modularity of the networks. Overall, these findings provide insights into the potential mechanism of microbial community coalescence for improving plant microbial community function and suggest new tools for enhancing plant fitness via soil microbiota mixing.
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Soil Science
Mengqiu He, Shending Chen, Lei Meng, Xiaoqian Dan, Wenjie Wang, Qinying Zhu, Zucong Cai, Jinbo Zhang, Pierfrancesco Nardi, Christoph Mueller
Summary: Maize genotypes directly affect gene expression and nitrogen uptake capacity. The feedback between maize genotypes and soil nitrogen transformations, as well as their regulations on nitrogen uptake capacity, have been studied. The findings suggest that maize genotypes play a central role in regulating these feedbacks, which are important for maize breeding and enhancing maize production.
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Soil Science
Ke Shi, Jiahui Liao, Xiaoming Zou, Han Y. H. Chen, Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo, Zhengming Yan, Tingting Ren, Honghua Ruan
Summary: Through rewilding, microbial extracellular and cellular residues can continuously accumulate in soils and significantly contribute to soil organic carbon sequestration. Extracellular residues are mainly driven by fine root biomass, while cellular residues are mainly driven by soil nitrogen and organic carbon content.
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Soil Science
Sensen Chen, Ying Teng, Yongming Luo, Eiko Kuramae, Wenjie Ren
Summary: This study comprehensively assesses the effects of NMs on the soil microbiome through a global meta-analysis. The results reveal significant negative impacts of NMs on soil microbial diversity, biomass, activity, and function. Metal NMs, especially Ag NMs, have the most pronounced negative effects on various soil microbial community metrics.
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Soil Science
Shareen K. D. Sanders, Gerard Martinez-De Leon, Ludovico Formenti, Madhav P. Thakur
Summary: Collembolans, the diverse group of soil invertebrates, are affected by anthropogenic climate warming, which alters their diversity and density. In addition to abiotic stressors, changes in food availability, specifically the abundance of saprotrophic and mycorrhizal fungi, influence Collembola responses to climate warming. Collembolans prefer saprotrophic fungi but rely on mycorrhizal fungi when food sources are scarce. Understanding the mechanisms behind these dietary shifts in warm-dry and warm-wet soil conditions is crucial for predicting the impact of climate change on Collembola-fungal interactions.
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Soil Science
Wimonsiri Pingthaisong, Sergey Blagodatsky, Patma Vityakon, Georg Cadisch
Summary: A study found that mixing high-C/N ratio rice straw with low-C/N ratio groundnut stover can improve the chemical composition of the input, stimulate microbial growth, decrease the loss of residue-derived carbon in the soil, and reduce native soil carbon and nitrogen consumption.
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Soil Science
Jiachen Wang, Jie Zhao, Rong Yang, Xin Liu, Xuyuan Zhang, Wei Zhang, Xiaoyong Chen, Wende Yan, Kelin Wang
Summary: Nitrogen is vital for ecosystem productivity, restoration, and succession processes. This study found that legume intercropping was more effective than chemical nitrogen fertilizers in promoting the complexity and stability of the soil micro-food web, as it increased microbial and nematode communities and enhanced energy flow patterns.
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
(2024)