期刊
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
卷 615, 期 -, 页码 131-140出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.207
关键词
Mercury emissions; Coal combustion; Elemental mercury; Multimedia releases; Coal combustion products
资金
- Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) under Argonne National Laboratory [10004163]
- Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) under Harvard University [10005277]
- U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
- EPRI
Coal combustion is one of the largest contemporary sources of anthropogenic mercury (Hg). It releases geologically sequestered Hg to the atmosphere, and fly ash can contaminate terrestrial and aquatic systems. We estimate that coal combustion has released a cumulative total of 38.0 (14.8-98.9, 80% C.I.) Gg (gigagrams, 10(9) g or thousand tonnes) of Hg to air, land, and water up to the year 2010, most of which (97%) has occurred since 1850. The rate of release has grown by two orders of magnitude from 0.01 Gg yr(-1) in 1850 to 1 Gg yr(-1) in 2010. Geographically, Asia and Europe each account for 32% of cumulative releases and an additional 18% is from North America. About 26.3 (10.2-68.3) Gg, 71% of the total, were directly emitted to the atmosphere, mostly from the industrial (45%) and power generation (36%) sectors, while the remainder was disposed of to land and water bodies. While Europe and North America were the major contributing regions until 1950, Asia has surpassed both in recent decades. By 2010, Asia was responsible for 69% of the total releases of Hg from coal combustion to the environment. Control technologies installed on major emitting sources capture mainly particulate and divalent Hg, and therefore the fraction of elemental Hg in emissions from coal combustion has increased over time from 0.46 in 1850 to 0.61 in 2010. About 11.8 (4.6-30.6) Gg of Hg, 31% of the total, have been transferred to land and water bodies through the disposal or utilization of Hg-containing combustion waste and collected fly ash/FGD waste;approximately 8.8 Gg of this Hg have simply been discarded to waste piles or ash ponds or rivers. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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