Article
Environmental Studies
Aiping Wei
Summary: This comprehensive study examines the impact of mineral resource trade on green economic growth in high-income and low-income economies. The findings reveal a positive influence on green economic growth in both income groups and provide practical strategies for each group.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Minghao Xu, Dingjiang Chen, Yadong Yu, Zengbo Chen, Yupeng Zhang, Bomin Liu, Yike Fu, Bing Zhu
Summary: Considerable progress has been made in material flow analysis (MFA), leading to the necessity of conducting MFA at the subnational level. The study introduces a novel material flow indicator, Provincial Selected Material Consumption (PSMC), and its calculation method to estimate resource consumption mainly by the manufacturing and construction sectors. Through the verification in China, PSMC proves to be a reliable and feasible tool for depicting subnational level material use characteristics, providing valuable insights for sustainable resource management and policy-making.
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dominik Wiedenhofer, Tomer Fishman, Barbara Plank, Alessio Miatto, Christian Lauk, Willi Haas, Helmut Haberl, Fridolin Krausmann
Summary: Material stocks in infrastructure, buildings, and machinery have a significant impact on current and future resource use and emissions. The analysis suggests that material stocks may saturate, but it is unclear if this evidence holds for a wider range of stocks and flows globally. China leads in global stockbuilding materials, growing at a rate of 8%/year, while industrialized regions are slowly expanding at 1%/year. Stabilizing and reducing resource use in industrialized regions and China require halting net stock expansion and transforming existing stocks.
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Studies
Guimei Zhao, Wenxiu Li, Yong Geng, Raimund Bleischwitz
Summary: This study investigates the features of antimony flows and stocks in China from 2011 to 2020 and highlights the high supply risk and environmental pollution associated with antimony production. The majority of secondary antimony production in China comes from end-of-life lead-acid batteries and bearing gears. To ensure sustainable supply and clean production, appropriate antimony management policies need to be implemented.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Fabio Sporchia, Ermias Kebreab, Dario Caro
Summary: This study conducted an environmental assessment of resource use related to EU pig feed, revealing significant resource consumption required to meet demand, with wheat and soybean playing major roles. While protein-based ingredients like soybean were largely imported, non-EU countries had higher resource use intensities for feed production.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Delphine Kawecki, Qie Wu, Joao S. Goncalves, Bernd Nowack
Summary: This study presents a probabilistic material flow analysis of seven common thermoplastics, examining various aspects such as in-use stock, disposal methods, and recycling rates, providing valuable information for assessing the environmental implications of these specific polymers.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ridwan Lanre Ibrahim
Summary: This study examines the tripartite effects of energy consumption, resource dependence, and trade openness on carbon neutrality in G20 economies from 2001 to 2019. The empirical evidence shows that nonrenewable energy, coal rents, and imports contribute to carbon emissions, while renewable energy, gas rents, and exports moderate carbon emissions. Total energy consumption, total natural resource rents, and trade openness promote significant carbon emissions. The findings suggest that investing in renewable energy and diversifying from natural resource exploration can enhance the sustainability of the G20 environment.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Tijana Ivanovic, Hans-Jorg Meisel, Claudia Som, Bernd Nowack
Summary: This study conducted a material flow analysis of single-use medical plastics and their packaging in a surgical hospital in Germany. The research found that polymers accounted for a significant proportion in medical consumables, with personal protective equipment and incontinence products being the major product categories.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Maria-Pilar Martinez-Hernando, David Bolonio, Marcelo F. Ortega, Juan F. Llamas, Maria- Jesus Garcia-Martinez
Summary: Clean technologies, particularly electric vehicles, have seen significant growth in the past decade. While reducing greenhouse gas emissions, these technologies may have other environmental impacts and increase reliance on certain materials. This study aims to evaluate the supply risk and environmental impacts of critical raw materials used in electric vehicles, and to identify effective environmental proposals to mitigate these impacts.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Dalton M. McCaffrey, Nedal T. Nassar, Simon M. Jowitt, Abraham J. Padilla, Laurence R. Bird
Summary: Niobium, classified as a critical material, plays an essential role in steels for infrastructure and transportation. This study analyzed the flow of niobium in the United States and China, revealing that the U.S. is import-dependent at all stages while China only relies on imports for primary niobium. Additionally, the consumption and export patterns of niobium-containing goods differentiate the impact of potential supply disruptions on the two economies.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Qiangfeng Li, Tao Dai, Tianming Gao, Weiqiong Zhong, Bojie Wen, Tianjiao Li, Yanjing Zhou
Summary: This study analyzed the material flows of China's aluminum resources during different stages of its life cycle using material flow analysis (MFA). The results indicated an increasing trend in aluminum consumption in China initially, followed by a gradual decrease. The study also found that China imports large amounts of raw materials for aluminum processing and exports a significant portion of aluminum-containing commodities produced domestically to other countries. Additionally, the research highlighted the importance of reducing material loss during the processing of raw materials, particularly in the alumina production stage, to alleviate pressure on primary aluminum sources.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Joris Baars, Mohammad Ali Rajaeifar, Oliver Heidrich
Summary: Material efficiency (ME) strategies are important for reducing environmental emissions, improving supply chain resilience, and enhancing cost competitiveness. Material flow analysis (MFA) methods can be used to assess the potential impacts of ME strategies. However, there are limitations in MFA methods that hinder its use as a decision support tool. To overcome these limitations, researchers have been integrating MFA with other methods.
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Matthias Pfaff, Rainer Walz
Summary: In this study, a multi-regional environmentally extended input-output analysis of Germany's raw-material use was conducted, revealing slight upward trends in input-based indicators and relatively steady consumption-based indicators. The analysis also showed that exports were a significant driver of the increase in input-based indicators for Germany.
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Stefanie Klose, Stefan Pauliuk
Summary: Resource efficiency strategies are being increasingly emphasized in policy agendas worldwide, aiming at reducing waste and improving resource usage. However, many countries currently focus more on reducing losses at the waste management stage rather than considering resource efficiency comprehensively. Evaluating the copper cycle reveals regional differences in loss distribution at various stages, with China projected to lose the most copper by 2050.
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xaysackda Vilaysouk, Kamrul Islam, Alessio Miatto, Heinz Schandl, Shinsuke Murakami, Seiji Hashimoto
Summary: Global material extraction has been growing rapidly, and nighttime light imagery can be used to measure stocks in economically developing nations. Regression models show a high correlation between lit area and in-use stock, primarily concentrated in urban areas.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Chenling Fu, Brian D. D. Fath, Ichiro Daigo, Yan Zhang, Tianjie Deng
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive picture of the flows and stocks of materials and products in Beijing. From 2000 to 2018, the total system throughflow in Beijing increased and then decreased. The main sectors of resource consumption and waste discharge in Beijing shifted from Fabrication and Manufacturing to Construction. Recycling in Beijing increased but needs to be further improved to meet the growing waste generation.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Chenling Fu, Yan Zhang, Tianjie Deng, Ichiro Daigo
Summary: The study of material stocks in buildings, infrastructure, and durable products has evolved through three stages: initial exploration, rising period, and a hot period. Research objectives shifted from macroscopic observation to refined management, with a focus on exploring application, role, and service functions of material stocks. The scale of research also shifted to urban and community levels for refined management and detailed study of the role and function of stocks. Future directions include exploring microscale models, focusing on recycling urban minerals and electronic wastes, and implementing a circular economy through a combination of material properties and product functions.
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Manfred Lenzen, Arne Geschke, James West, Jacob Fry, Arunima Malik, Stefan Giljum, Llorenc Canals, Pablo Pinero, Stephan Lutter, Thomas Wiedmann, Mengyu Li, Maartje Sevenster, Janez Potocnik, Izabella Teixeira, Merlyn Van Voore, Keisuke Nansai, Heinz Schandl
Summary: Despite the lack of comprehensive reporting facilities on countries' material footprints, this study presents a new research platform that provides detailed global material footprint accounts. The material footprint indicator is crucial for measuring environmental pressure and progress towards Sustainable Development Goals, highlighting the need for decoupling economic growth from resource use.
NATURE SUSTAINABILITY
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
R. Koide, S. Murakami, K. Nansai
Summary: The circular economy has potential synergies with climate change mitigation, but quantitative evidence for these synergies in the consumer product sector has not yet been systematically evaluated. This study conducted a systematic review of existing studies on the lifecycle impacts of consumer-oriented product-service systems (PSS) and found that adopting circular economy strategies can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but comes with risks. Certain strategies such as upgrading, repair, refurbishing, and pooling have moderate to high improvement potentials with lower risks of backfiring, while strategies like servitisation, sharing, and reuse have higher backfire risks, but also high improvement potentials. The risk of backfiring is influenced by factors such as transport, number of uses, product substitution and lifetime, maintenance, energy source, and energy efficiency.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Takuma Watari, Stephen Northey, Damien Giurco, Sho Hata, Ryosuke Yokoi, Keisuke Nansai, Kenichi Nakajima
Summary: Moving towards a 1.5 degrees C world could significantly impact the global copper cycle through decarbonization technologies and emissions budget. The study shows a substantial increase in copper demand, primarily driven by renewable energy-based power plants and electric vehicles. However, the emissions from the copper cycle may exceed the emissions budget, highlighting the need for collective action and mitigation efforts.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Sho Hata, Keisuke Nansai, Kenichi Nakajima
Summary: The formation of fixed capital is vital for managing material use and carbon emissions, especially in the service sector. It is necessary to break the stimulus to fixed-capital formation in order to curb material use and carbon emissions.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Takuma Watari, Zhi Cao, Sho Hata, Keisuke Nansai
Summary: This study demonstrates that a cross-cutting strategy involving both supply and demand sides can achieve net-zero emissions in the cement and concrete sector by 2050 without relying on carbon capture and storage technology. It highlights the importance of including demand-side interventions and accounting for CO2 uptake in national inventories under the Paris Agreement.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yingchao Cheng, Kenichi Nakajima, Keisuke Nansai, Jacopo Seccatore, Marcello M. Veiga, Masaki Takaoka
Summary: This study established a method to detect inconsistencies in global mercury trade data and calculated the gap between mercury demand and supply in the artisanal and small-scale gold mining sector across 39 countries. Inconsistencies in statistical data on mercury use in gold mining were found in Africa and Central and South America. Despite low mercury use in the Asian gold mining sector, Asia remained the largest consumer of mercury, primarily China and India. Many countries involved in gold mining have joined the Minamata Convention, but few have submitted national action plans or implemented specific laws to curb mercury use. The method developed in this study can help identify hidden mercury use and flows in gold mining, contributing to the development of further mercury control regulations. Promoting the submission of national action plans is essential for effective mercury management in addition to expanding the Minamata Convention parties.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Noura Elagouz, Nuri C. Onat, Murat Kucukvar, Burak Sen, Adeeb A. Kutty, Shigemi Kagawa, Keisuke Nansai, Doyoon Kim
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the environmental, social, and economic impacts of alternative fuel buses in mega-events and compare different bus types. The results show that CNG buses have a smaller environmental impact, making them a more balanced alternative.
SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Takuma Watari, Sho Hata, Kenichi Nakajima, Keisuke Nansai
Summary: Achieving zero-emission future in steel production depends on decarbonization within a limited time frame. However, the quantity and quality of steel may be limited by scrap downcycling, as seen in the case of Japan where most steel scrap is used for construction materials rather than automobiles. This could result in a significant decrease in steel production for automobiles by 2050, even with technological advancements.
NATURE SUSTAINABILITY
(2023)
Article
Economics
Tomoaki Nakaishi, Fumiya Nagashima, Shigemi Kagawa, Keisuke Nansai, Satoru Chatani
Summary: This study proposes an interdisciplinary framework based on a frontier method to quantify the health benefits of improving the environmental efficiency of coal power plants. A case study conducted on 316 coal power plants in China in 2010 confirms the importance of environmental efficiency improvement in mitigating health hazards caused by air pollutants. The study also highlights the spatial variations in the potential for premature death reduction and the lack of correlation between emission reduction potential and mitigation potential at the provincial level.
Review
Environmental Studies
Yingchao Cheng, Takuma Watari, Jacopo Seccatore, Kenichi Nakajima, Keisuke Nansai, Masaki Takaoka
Summary: Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is a major contributor to mercury (Hg) emissions and it is crucial in addressing the Hg problem. Lack of accurate data on ASGM production, Hg use, and emissions necessitates the use of different approaches to estimate these variables. Global ASGM production ranges from 380-870 tonnes of gold annually, with a median value of 520 tonnes. Hg use in ASGM is estimated to be 640-1000 tonnes per year, with a median value of 892 tonnes. Consequently, ASGM emits 248-838 tonnes of Hg annually, with a median value of 615 tonnes. Discrepancies in the data calculated using different approaches were found, especially in countries with large estimates like China. A general estimation approach combining specific studies of dominant countries is recommended to obtain a more accurate global picture of ASGM activities. Developing a solid baseline, comprehensive future projection scenarios, and establishing international collaboration for guidance on ASGM are recommended for effective management of ASGM in the future.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Masaharu Motoshita, Stephan Pfister, Takahiro Sasaki, Keisuke Nansai, Seiji Hashimoto, Ryosuke Yokoi, Kamrul Islam, Matthias Finkbeiner
Summary: Freshwater, a limited natural resource, is distributed unevenly worldwide, leading to virtual water trade in global supply chains that may result in excessive consumption. The dependence on remote water resources is often overlooked, indirectly driving water consumption by consumers. Through a case study of Japan's water footprint, this study highlights the importance of considering remotely induced water consumption and managing water resources sustainably. The blue water consumption induced by Japan's final demand is three times the volume saved through virtual water trade. To achieve global and local sustainability in freshwater use, hotspots in global supply chains must be identified by considering the concentration, pressure, and proportion of overconsumption.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Dheanara Pinka, Kazuyo Matsubae
Summary: In this study, a life-cycle assessment was conducted to evaluate the environmental impacts of pearl farming in Ago Bay, Mie Prefecture, Japan. The results showed that pearl production had lower greenhouse gas emissions compared to metals commonly used in jewelry production. Efforts are also being made to improve waste handling and reduce plastic waste, providing critical insights for achieving sustainable pearl farming.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Taku Kadoya, Yayoi Takeuchi, Yushin Shinoda, Keisuke Nansai
Summary: Forest disturbance, especially shifting agriculture, is a major driver of forest biodiversity decline at a global scale. This study quantifies the spatial overlaps between threatened terrestrial vertebrate species and five major forest disturbance drivers, revealing the varying importance of each driver among species groups and geographic regions. Combining forest disturbance maps and species ranges can help prioritize conservation efforts to reduce further biodiversity loss.
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yui Kawasaki, Sayaka Nagao-Sato, Misa Shimpo, Kahori Fujisaki, Emi Yoshii, Rie Akamatsu, Petra Warschburger
Summary: This study qualitatively describes sustainable dietary behaviors (SDBs) that Japanese and German adults can implement in their lives, and quantitatively compares the similarities and differences in understanding SDBs between the two samples. The study found that Japanese participants were more focused on food waste prevention, while German participants were more focused on solving environmental problems.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Kechun Chen, Yuan Ding, Liming Yang, Zhihao Wang, Haoxuan Yu, Difan Fang, Yufa Feng, Liying Hu, Chenxi Xu, Penghui Shao, Xubiao Luo, Liang Chen
Summary: This study proposes a targeted repair scheme for the recovery of graphite anodes from spent LIBs by systematically characterizing and analyzing the structure and composition of spent graphite (SG). The results show that the repair scheme achieves effective SG repair and the repaired graphite anode displays excellent lithium storage performance.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Takao Ueda, Shigeki Koyanaka, Tatsuya Oki
Summary: Fires caused by accidental crushing of batteries are a serious issue in the e-waste recycling process. A new in-line sorting system that uses X-ray scanning and deep learning has been developed to accurately detect batteries. Through a validation study, the system achieved higher accuracy compared to other existing programs.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Hannes Geist, Frank Balle
Summary: Research on circular economy often lacks empirical data, especially in the theory of circular process design and design for remanufacturing. This study systematically collected and analyzed engineering data on seven remanufacturing processes in the European automotive remanufacturing industry for the first time, providing empirical support for circular engineering challenges, potentials, and solutions.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xiaojing Li, Fan Lue, Nanlin Liao, Hua Zhang, Na Yang, Pinjing He
Summary: This study assesses and predicts the greenhouse gas emissions on the timeline as waste treatment technologies develop in Shanghai from 1991 to 2025 using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. The findings demonstrate that GHG emission has reached net-zero in 2019 owing to the application of alternative technologies and waste segregation.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Bingchun Liu, Haoyang Wang, Xiaoqin Liang, Yibo Wang, Zijie Feng
Summary: The expansion of the photovoltaic market has resulted in a significant increase in PV waste. Therefore, conducting scientific research to determine the importance of the circular economy for sustainable growth in the PV industry is essential. The study demonstrates that accurate prediction of PV installed capacity and quantifying the importance of recycling in balancing the supply and demand of raw materials can be achieved through a multi-factor installed capacity prediction model and recovery potential prediction.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2024)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Chuanzhen Zhang, Baojing Gu, Xia Liang, Shu Kee Lam, Yi Zhou, Deli Chen
Summary: Reactive nitrogen is crucial for agriculture and human nutrition, but mismanagement can have detrimental effects on human health and ecosystem services, hindering the achievement of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. Progress towards nitrogen-related targets varies across countries, highlighting the need for integrated management to achieve overall synergies.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Alessandro Gatto, Marijke Kuiper, Corina van Middelaar, Hans van Meijl
Summary: This study examines the economic and environmental effects of transitioning towards more circular food systems in the European Union (EU27) by feeding animals with low-opportunity-cost feed and better utilizing local feed resources. The results show that providing subsidies for circularity and promoting the use of low-cost feed can increase animal production, but also have negative impacts on land use and emissions. On the other hand, promoting domestic feed sourcing through import tariffs can decrease animal production and greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture. However, complementary policies are needed to mitigate drawbacks and enhance benefits of a more circular agri-food system.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jinbo Zhang, Liu Chen, Yulei Xie, Pingjian Yang, Zheng Li, Huaicheng Guo, Yang Zhang, Lirong Liu
Summary: This study examines the impact of carbon taxes on low-carbon development and climate change mitigation. By constructing a cross-system bi-layer model, the study finds that reasonable carbon taxes can promote the stability of the energy network, reduce carbon emissions and air pollutants, and optimize production efficiency and the structure of the energy system. This study contributes to a better understanding of the effects and implementation pathways of carbon taxes.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Konstantin Born, Mehmet Metehan Ciftci
Summary: Increasing recycling of metals is important for reducing reliance on mining, but it cannot fully meet future metal demand. Primary production of metals is expected to continue rising, highlighting the need for alternative circular economy strategies such as demand reduction and mitigating harmful impacts of primary metal production.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yinqiu Ma, Lin Huang, Jiahui Li, Wei Cao, Yumei Cai
Summary: Afforestation and reforestation, such as China's Grain for Green Program, have shown to effectively mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to carbon sink capacity. This study highlights the significant carbon potential of the program and its potential application in other countries to reduce CO2 in the atmosphere.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Arlind Dervishaj, Kjartan Gudmundsson
Summary: This paper reviews digital tools for supporting the Circular Economy (CE) in the built environment and provides suggestions. The study identifies limitations in the functionalities of current tools, including a lack of representative data for LCA and underdeveloped circularity indicators. Further development is needed in terms of interoperability aspects, integration of more sources of data for LCA and circularity, and possibilities for a comprehensive evaluation of design choices.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Mohamadreza Y. Azarfam, Anuj Maheshwari, Frank D. Blum, Siddhesh Chaudhari, Clinton Switzer, Ranji Vaidyanathan, Jay C. Hanan, Sudheer Bandla
Summary: This study introduces a feasible method for manufacturing recycled composites using post-consumer carpets and recycled resin. The resulting composites have impressive strength and modulus, surpassing commercial thermoplastics and making them suitable for structural applications. This research presents a promising approach to address carpet landfilling and reduce reliance on additives.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Pujiang Shi, Tianle Huang, Hong Kit Lim, Chiew Kei Tan, Jong-Min Lee, Chor Yong Tay
Summary: This study developed a highly porous bioadaptive 3D sponge-like construct from plastic materials in discarded keyboards for advanced in vitro applications. The findings demonstrate the potential of using discarded keyboards as a waste-to-resource feedstock to achieve waste reduction and maximize value-capture.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Kuo-Jui Wu, Hailing Qiu, Caiyan Huang, Anthony S. F. Chiu, Ming-Lang Tseng
Summary: Government resource allocation practices for achieving carbon neutrality should be guided by dynamic system theory to identify potential dynamics. Carbon intensity control dynamics have a significant influence on other dynamics.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2024)