期刊
REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
卷 210, 期 -, 页码 490-507出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2018.03.021
关键词
Land cover; Forest alliance; US National Vegetation Classification (NVC); Multi-seasonal; Hyperspectral satellite; Imaging spectroscopy; HyspIRI; Machine learning; Support Vector Machine; Regional; County
资金
- NASA HyspIRI Preparatory Airborne Activities and Associated Science Research [NNX12AP09G]
- NASA [NNX12AP08G]
- NASA [13257, NNX12AP08G, 13258, NNX12AP09G] Funding Source: Federal RePORTER
A consistent and hierarchical classification of vegetation, such as the U.S. National Vegetation Classification. (NVC) system, supports comprehensive conservation and management of natural ecosystems. At a detailed level, the NVC alliance is defined by diagnostic species and composition. Maps at this level of classification are often produced at local to regional scales (areas < 25,000 km(2)) with costly manual to semi-automated interpretation of high resolution imagery. The main objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of machine learning for automated, per-pixel (30 m) mapping of forest alliances with multi-seasonal hyperspectral imagery from a future satellite mission (HyspIRI), as simulated from Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer Classic (AVIRIS-C) data. The study area was the San Francisco (S.F.) Bay Area, California, where we mapped forest alliances at regional and county scales. We implemented the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier in a two stage approach, first mapping regional land cover followed by forest alliances in closed-canopy tree pixels. Predictor variables were reflectance bands and hyperspectral metrics based on indices, derivatives and absorption-fitting techniques applied to reflectance spectra, with data grouped into summer and three-season (spring, summer, fall) sets. For forest alliances, hyperspectral metrics improved overall accuracy of classifications by 2.9 to 6.4% relative to classifications based on the original reflectance bands. Multi-seasonal data improved overall accuracy by 1.3 to 6.2% relative to summer-only data. Using multi-seasonal metrics, the S.F. Bay Area regional classification with 21 alliances had an overall accuracy of 65.7% (Kappa 0.63), while the Sonoma County classification with 16 alliances had an accuracy of 75.9% (Kappa 0.72). Most forest alliances had internal variation in lifeform, species and structural properties that increased within-class spectral-temporal variation and complicated discrimination. Despite this challenge, classification accuracies were similar to regional NVC alliance reference data. We conclude that a hyperspectral satellite, with its repeat and global image acquisitions, has strong potential for accurate and economical mapping and monitoring the Earth's vegetation communities.
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