Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lingsi Zeng, Honggang Lv, Xubo Wang, Ranran Xue, Cong Zhou, Xia Liu, Hao Yu
Summary: Using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, this study found potential causal relationships between levels of fatty acids (FA) and the risk of depression. Specifically, oleic acid (OA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) were identified as potential risk factors for depression, while adrenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were found to be protective. These findings emphasize the importance of further research to investigate the underlying mechanisms that mediate the association between these fatty acids and depression risk.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kamila P. Liput, Adam Lepczynski, Magdalena Ogluszka, Agata Nawrocka, Ewa Polawska, Agata Grzesiak, Brygida Slaska, Chandra S. Pareek, Urszula Czarnik, Mariusz Pierzchala
Summary: It is recommended to reduce saturated fatty acids (SFA) and increase polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) n-3 and n-6 in the diet to lower the risk of metabolic disorders. Western-type diet often contains excessive n-6 PUFAs and a high n-6/n-3 ratio. Oxylipins derived from n-3 and n-6 PUFAs play a role in inflammation, while PUFAs have varying effects on cell growth, proliferation, and neoplastic lesion progression, as observed in in vitro studies, animal models, and epidemiological studies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Roxana Coras, Brian Pedersen, Rekha Narasimhan, Anahy Brandy, Lourdes Mateo, Agueda Prior-Espanol, Arthur Kavanaugh, Aaron M. Armando, Mohit Jain, Oswald Quehenberger, Melania Martinez-Morillo, Monica Guma
Summary: The study revealed that arthritis symptoms in older adults were related to disturbances in serum oxylipins, suggesting that certain oxylipins may be key effectors in arthritis in this population.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lin Wang, Chao Zhang, Hao Liang, Nian Zhou, Tianji Huang, Zenghui Zhao, Xiaoji Luo
Summary: This study using Mendelian randomization analysis found a causal relationship between omega-6 fatty acids and bone mineral density. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanism.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Licinia Gananca, Hanga C. Galfalvy, Sebastian Cisneros-Trujillo, Zahra Basseda, Thomas B. Cooper, Xinguo Ren, Maria Luisa Figueira, Maria A. Oquendo, J. John Mann, M. Elizabeth Sublette
Summary: This study found that DHA% and IL-1 beta are important indicators of suicide risk, with lower DHA% in suicide attempters and lowest IL-1 beta in attempters, suggesting a close relationship between inflammation and suicidal behaviors.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Anil Kumar Patel, Ajeet Singh Chauhan, Prashant Kumar, Philippe Michaud, Vijai Kumar Gupta, Jo-Shu Chang, Chiu-Wen Chen, Cheng-Di Dong, Reeta Rani Singhania
Summary: This article provides an update on the production of essential fatty acids from potential microbes and explores novel strategies to promote the accumulation of omega-3 and omega-6 through engineering and omics approaches.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Xuefei Li, Zhengjie Lu, Yongjian Qi, Biao Chen, Bin Li
Summary: This study used the Mendelian randomization approach to explore the potential causal relationships between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and osteoarthritis (OA), and found that higher levels of omega-6 fatty acids may reduce the risk of knee OA and hip OA. These results highlight the importance of maintaining optimal levels of PUFAs, especially omega-6 fatty acids, in individuals with a genetic predisposition to OA.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Geir Bjorklund, Maryam Dadar, Monica Daniela Dosa, Salvatore Chirumbolo, Joeri J. Pen
Summary: Various nutrients with antioxidant properties are being investigated for their potential impact on diseases like cancer, including their effects on prostaglandins. The omega6/omega-3 PUFA ratio is being studied for its antioxidative effects in countering pathophysiological mechanisms. This research focuses specifically on the bone microenvironment and its implications for health, particularly in the context of malignant bone metastasis.
CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Adam Lepczynski, Malgorzata Ozgo, Katarzyna Michalek, Alicja Dratwa-Chalupnik, Marta Grabowska, Agnieszka Herosimczyk, Kamila P. Liput, Ewa Polawska, Andrzej Kram, Mariusz Pierzchala
Summary: The study found that different high-fat diets had an impact on the structure and protein expression of the murine heart, with SFA-rich diets leading to severe cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, while diets rich in n-3 PUFA resulted in less pronounced changes.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Qi Sun, Ning Gao, Weiliang Xia
Summary: This study found a negative correlation between omega-3 and omega-6 levels and the risk of cholelithiasis. Individuals with low serum omega-3/6 levels should be aware of the risk of cholelithiasis.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Henriette Edemann-Callesen, Nadine Bernhardt, Elizabeth Barroeta Hlusicka, Franziska Hintz, Bettina Habelt, Rebecca Winter, Isabell Neubert, Meike Pelz, Alexandra Filla, Maria Luisa Soto-Montenegro, Christine Winter, Ravit Hadar
Summary: This study found that administering anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant drugs during pregnancy in a rat model of schizophrenia can partially prevent schizophrenia-related outcomes and lessen the severity of the disease in the offspring.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Masayuki Okuda, Aya Fujiwara, Satoshi Sasaki
Summary: The study found that in Japanese youths, high intake of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids was associated with low levels of low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, while high intake of saturated fatty acids was associated with high levels of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, indicating a close relationship between dietary fatty acid composition and cardiometabolic risk.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mayra Montecillo-Aguado, Belen Tirado-Rodriguez, Gabriela Antonio-Andres, Mario Morales-Martinez, Zhen Tong, Jun Yang, Bruce D. Hammock, Rogelio Hernandez-Pando, Sara Huerta-Yepez
Summary: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and the intake of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the diet is associated with increased cancer risk and progression. This study found that a diet rich in omega-6 PUFAs enhances the malignancy of tumor cells, promoting cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and inflammation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Abrar E. Al-Shaer, Jennifer Regan, Nicole Buddenbaum, Sonum Tharwani, Catie Drawdy, Madeline Behee, Selin Sergin, Jenifer Fenton, Krishna Rao Maddipati, Shawn Kane, Erik Butler, Saame Raza Shaikh
Summary: A marine oil supplement can increase the concentrations of specific specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) and their metabolic intermediates in adults with obesity, which may be beneficial for controlling inflammation in obesity. However, further studies are needed to determine if increased concentrations of specific SPMs can control the resolution of inflammation in humans with obesity.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jovanka Lukic, Gergo Gyalog, Zoltan Horvath, Anita Annamaria Szucs, Tijana Ristovic, Amarela Terzic-Vidojevic, Zsuzsanna J. Sandor, Uros Ljubobratovic
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different commercial diets and one experimental feed for indoor weaned largemouth bass. The key variations in nutritive values were monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) omega-3. The results showed that the balanced lipid composition and amino acid balance in the diet were the main contributors to skeletal growth and fish survival. Additionally, the study found that fish growth was correlated with digestive capacity and feed moisture percentage.
Letter
Nutrition & Dietetics
Vidit V. Satokar, Wayne S. Cutfield, David Cameron-Smith, Benjamin B. Albert
Summary: This manuscript responds to concerns raised by industry-based scientists about the quality and functionality of commercial fish oils, and highlights the importance of independently verifying n-3 PUFA content and oxidation state before using them in clinical trials.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Jia Jiet Lim, Ivana R. Sequeira, Wilson C. Y. Yip, Louise W. Lu, Daniel Barnett, David Cameron-Smith, Sally D. Poppitt
Summary: This study aimed to identify biomarkers of appetite response using a whey protein preload intervention. The results showed that most biomarkers changed in response to the intervention, but did not suppress appetite or energy intake. Glycine had the strongest association with appetite response. The use of multiple biomarkers improved the estimation of appetite response.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Karen Mei-Ling Tan, Mya-Thway Tint, Narasimhan Kothandaraman, Fabian Yap, Keith M. Godfrey, Yung Seng Lee, Kok Hian Tan, Peter D. Gluckman, Yap-Seng Chong, Mary F. F. Chong, Johan G. Eriksson, David Cameron-Smith
Summary: This study found that higher plasma concentrations of KYN pathway metabolites are associated with obesity and increased risk for metabolic syndrome and fatty liver in prepubertal Asian children.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Utpal Kumar Prodhan, Amber Marie Milan, Aahana Shrestha, Mark Hedley Vickers, David Cameron-Smith, Matthew Philip Greig Barnett
Summary: This study found that milk protein digestion is largely unaffected by dairy- and lactose-intolerances.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nora A. Kalagi, Rohith N. Thota, Elizabeth Stojanovski, Khalid A. Alburikan, Manohar L. Garg
Summary: This study compared plasma TMAO levels in people with or without T2D and explored the association between TMAO and T2D. The results showed a significant association between higher plasma TMAO levels and T2D, with red meat consumption being a contributing factor. Further research is needed to assess the correlation between TMAO and T2D.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Rohith N. Thota, Paul J. Moughan, Harjinder Singh, Manohar L. Garg
Summary: This study tested GlucoTRIG as a measure for ranking composite meals based on their metabolic effects. The results showed that meals with high fiber, low fat, and less processed foods had lower GlucoTRIG values, indicating a lower risk for metabolic diseases. Further research on the application of GlucoTRIG to foods, meals, and diets is warranted.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Vidit V. Satokar, Mark H. Vickers, Clare M. Reynolds, Anna P. Ponnampalam, Elwyn C. Firth, Manohar L. Garg, Pania E. Bridge-Comer, Wayne S. Cutfield, Benjamin B. Albert
Summary: A study found that fish oil supplements consumed during pregnancy can increase dietary omega-3 intake. However, fish oil is often oxidized beyond recommended limits, leading to negative effects on fetal health. Through experiments with rats, it was discovered that highly oxidized fish oil can increase mortality rates during pregnancy, while fish oil with lower levels of oxidation does not have the same impact. Additionally, dietary-oxidized fish oil also alters the expression of placental genes.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rohith N. Thota, Pratishtha Chatterjee, Steve Pedrini, Eugene Hone, Jessica J. A. Ferguson, Manohar L. Garg, Ralph N. Martins
Summary: This study found an association between neurodegeneration marker NfL and diabetes status and glycaemic parameters. Plasma NfL levels were positively correlated with fasting glucose and significantly different across different diabetes groups. The results suggest the presence of neurodegeneration in adults at risk or with T2D.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jessica J. A. Ferguson, Christopher Oldmeadow, David Bentley, Manohar L. Garg
Summary: This study investigated the antioxidant effects of a polyphenol-rich dietary supplement containing Pinus massoniana bark extract (PMBE) in healthy older adults. The results showed that PMBE significantly reduced fasting plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations and had an impact on fibrinogen and interleukin-6 levels. Further research is needed to explore the antioxidant capacity of PMBE in conditions with heightened oxidative stress.
Article
Physiology
Chantal A. A. Pileggi, Christopher P. P. Hedges, Randall F. F. D'Souza, Brenan R. R. Durainayagam, Nina Zeng, Vandre C. C. Figueiredo, Anthony J. R. Hickey, Cameron J. J. Mitchell, David Cameron-Smith
Summary: Mitochondrial dynamics show limited changes in response to inactivity. Restoration of ambulatory activity can reverse the altered gene expression patterns, while resistance training has little effect on gene expression changes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Carolina B. Castro, Cintia B. Dias, Heidi Hillebrandt, Hamid R. Sohrabi, Pratishtha Chatterjee, Tejal M. Shah, Stephanie J. Fuller, Manohar L. Garg, Ralph N. Martins
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) supplementation on circulating ketone bodies and cognition in individuals with cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. The results showed that MCFA supplementation increases blood ketone levels and enhances brain energy metabolism. However, the effects on cognition varied and further research is needed to determine if MCFA-mediated increase in brain energy metabolism can improve cognition.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nora A. A. Kalagi, Rohith N. N. Thota, Elizabeth Stojanovski, Khalid A. A. Alburikan, Manohar L. L. Garg
Summary: This study investigated the association between plasma trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The findings suggest a significant association between elevated plasma TMAO levels and CKD in patients with T2D.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Vidit V. Satokar, Jose G. B. Derraik, Matire Harwood, Karaponi Okesene-Gafa, Kathryn Beck, David Cameron-Smith, Manohar L. Garg, Justin M. O'Sullivan, Gerhard Sundborn, Shikha Pundir, R. Preston Mason, Wayne S. Cutfield, Benjamin B. Albert
Summary: A study found that supplementation with fish oil during pregnancy in overweight or obese mothers may not affect infant body fat percentage and metabolism, but it can lower maternal triglyceride levels and reduce the risk of emergency cesarean section. Further follow-up studies are needed to determine whether the observed metabolic effects persist in the offspring.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Brenan Durainayagam, Cameron J. J. Mitchell, Amber M. M. Milan, Marlena C. C. Kruger, Nicole C. C. Roy, Karl Fraser, David Cameron-Smith
Summary: The aim of this study was to examine the dynamic responses of plasma metabolome in overweight females in relation to meal glycaemic load (GL). The results showed that participants with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) had lower concentrations of certain amino acids and metabolites related to energy metabolism after meals. However, the manipulation of meal GL had minimal impact on the postprandial metabolome, indicating that individual metabolic health has a greater influence.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jessica J. A. Ferguson, Grace Austin, Christopher Oldmeadow, Manohar L. Garg
Summary: Plant-based diets are associated with reduced cardiovascular morbidity/mortality and lower cardiovascular disease risk factors. However, limited evidence exists regarding their dietary profile, diet quality, and nutritional adequacy compared to traditional meat-eating diets in Australians. The PBDS study aims to investigate these factors and compare cardiovascular disease risk between different dietary patterns in 240 adults recruited from the Hunter region, through questionnaires, blood samples, physical measures, and dietary intake assessments. Statistical analyses, including ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and regression and mediation analyses, will be used to evaluate the data.