Article
Oncology
Lynne T. Penberthy, Donna R. Rivera, Jennifer L. Lund, Melissa A. Bruno, Anne-Marie Meyer
Summary: Generating evidence on the use, effectiveness, and safety of new cancer therapies is crucial, and utilizing real-world data (RWD) is integral to understanding outcomes among patients. Careful consideration of different types of RWD sources is necessary to inform data source selection appropriate to the study question.
CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jing Tu, Yi Qiao, Yuhan Luo, Naiyun Long, Zuhong Lu
Summary: DNA quantification is crucial in life sciences research, and real-time MDA technology can provide template amount information during whole-genome amplification with a very low detection limit, offering a promising tool to quantify entire DNA without sacrificing sample completeness or introducing redundant steps.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Liang Gong, Siyue Yao, Yidong He, Chengliang Liu
Summary: A new qPCR data analysis method called AERKM is proposed to achieve more accurate results by introducing amplification efficiency (AE) for error correction. It has been verified to have higher precision and stability in 5-point 10-fold gradient qPCR tests of 63 genes.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhiwei Chen, Nigel G. Halford, Chenghong Liu
Summary: Real-time quantitative PCR is a technique for measuring the content of a specific nucleic acid sequence in a sample, and it can be divided into absolute and relative quantitative methods. Relative quantification is mainly used for gene expression in functional genomics and transcriptome studies. However, to accurately use this technology, key points such as designing specific primers, selecting appropriate reference genes, and performing scientific calculations and statistics are crucial. This article proposes a workflow for relative quantitative PCR and introduces relevant points to help beginners better understand and utilize this technology.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Mirna Andelic, Margherita Marchi, Stefania Marcuzzo, Raffaella Lombardi, Catharina G. Faber, Giuseppe Lauria, Erika Salvi
Summary: Archived specimens are valuable resources in translational medicine and can be used for retrospective molecular studies and disease prediction. Microfluidic arrays are cost-effective methods for profiling miRNAs, but post-analytical pipelines should be standardized and appropriate settings and references should be considered.
MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Selvadasan Vinayagamani, R. Sheelakumari, Sekar Sabarish, Santhakumar Senthilvelan, Roopa Ros, Bejoy Thomas, Chandrasekharan Kesavadas
Summary: Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a novel MRI technique used to study magnetic susceptibility and oxygen metabolism in the brain, serving as imaging biomarkers for neurological diseases with wide clinical applications and potential.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kathannan Sankar, Hyung Joo Yoon, Young Bo Lee, Kyeong Yong Lee
Summary: Bumble bees are important alternative pollinators and model insects. This study identified stable reference genes for the bumble bee species and their different lines and tissues using RT-qPCR procedures and four analysis programs. The results emphasized the need to evaluate the stability of candidate reference genes for any differently designed lines and tissue conditions in bumble bee species.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Sabina Maria Bruno, Giovanna Blacona, Stefania Lo Cicero, Germana Castelli, Mariarita Virgulti, Giancarlo Testino, Silvia Pierandrei, Andrea Fuso, Giuseppe Cimino, Giampiero Ferraguti, Adriana Eramo, Marco Lucarelli
Summary: In the precision medicine era of cystic fibrosis (CF), accurate quantification of CFTR gene expression is crucial for personalized therapeutic approaches. This paper compares two methods for quantifying CFTR gene expression and discusses their advantages and limitations.
Article
Plant Sciences
Rohit Bharati, Madhab Kumar Sen, Ram Kumar, Aayushi Gupta, Jana Ziarovska, Eloy Fernandez-Cusimamani, Olga Leuner
Summary: This study assessed the suitability of ten commonly used reference genes as optimal reference genes in M. officinalis under different abiotic stress conditions and plant organs. The combination of EF-1 alpha and GAPDH was recommended as the best reference genes for gene expression studies in M. officinalis.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Byoung-Hoon Kang, Youngseop Lee, Eun-Sil Yu, Hamin Na, Minhee Kang, Hee Jae Huh, Ki-Hun Jeong
Summary: The rapid and accurate molecular diagnostics are crucial in the face of pandemic diseases, and the nanoplasmonic PCR provides a new solution for rapid and quantitative molecular diagnostics at point-of-care level.
Review
Oncology
Tadeusz Robak, Pawel Robak
Summary: Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a rare type of chronic lymphoid leukemia diagnosed using cytology and multiparametric flow cytometry. Measurable residual disease (MRD) can help improve long-term outcomes in patients with advanced HCL.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Aviv Weinstein, Attila Szabo
Summary: This narrative overview summarizes the research on exercise addiction over the past 12 years and highlights critical conceptual and methodological issues. Despite the existence of over 1000 articles on exercise addiction, there are currently no clinical diagnosis criteria. Research in this field is increasing, but progress in advancing knowledge is slow. Insufficient differentiation between addictive and instrumental exercise and the use of scalar measurement may be reasons for this lack of progress.
DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Shengyi Bai, Xiaomin Wang, Meng Guo, Guoxin Cheng, Abid Khan, Wenkong Yao, Yanming Gao, Jianshe Li
Summary: This study screened out the most stable reference genes and studied the expression of related genes in the interaction between tomatoes and powdery mildew, providing a calibration basis for the expression of related functional genes.
Article
Agricultural Economics & Policy
Roberto F. Aguilera, Julian Inchauspe
Summary: Hydrogen is expected to play a role in the future low-carbon economy, but its market penetration remains uncertain due to important barriers; the distribution network is identified as a major fixed-investment barrier to market entry, which could be overcome by sharing technology and infrastructure with the natural gas sector; natural gas is projected to serve as a transition fuel under current carbon emissions targets, and policy costs for promoting hydrogen can be substantially reduced by focusing on synergies with natural gas.
AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS
(2022)
Review
Sport Sciences
James L. Nuzzo
Summary: This review article provides an overview of 339 strength training studies published between 1894 and 1979, discussing aspects such as study samples, training interventions, outcomes, and themes. It highlights the common trends and key focus areas in the field of strength training research.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Raffaele Mazzolari, Simone Porcelli, David J. Bishop, Daniel Lakens
Summary: This article reviews the current statistical approaches used in exercise physiology and sport science and emphasizes the importance of equivalence and non-inferiority studies. The article briefly introduces common research methods and discusses the design and analysis steps of equivalence and non-inferiority studies, providing examples from exercise physiology and sport science. Recommendations are also provided for future research, aiming to promote the correct use of equivalence and non-inferiority designs.
EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Asen Georgiev, Cesare Granata, Michael Roden
Summary: Common metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are associated with insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction. Changes in mitochondrial features may reflect adaptation to a certain metabolic condition rather than abnormalities. Lifestyle modifications and drug treatments can help improve these metabolic diseases.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Javier Botella, Nicholas A. Jamnick, Cesare Granata, Amanda J. Genders, Enrico Perri, Tamim Jabar, Andrew Garnham, Michael Lazarou, David J. Bishop
Summary: Autophagy is an important mechanism for cells to degrade old or dysfunctional proteins and organelles. The effects of exercise on autophagosome content markers differ between rodents and humans. The decrease in LC3B-II protein levels induced by exercise in humans does not reflect a decreased autophagy flux.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Amanda J. Genders, Jujiao Kuang, Nicholas J. Saner, Javier Botella, David J. Bishop
Summary: Exercise training can increase mitochondrial content and respiration, but high-intensity exercise may be limited by mild acidosis. This study aimed to determine the effects of administering ammonium chloride before each exercise session on mitochondrial content and respiration in rats. The results showed that ammonium chloride administration reduced the exercise-induced increase in mitochondrial respiration in the soleus muscle but did not alter mitochondrial content. These effects were not observed in the white gastrocnemius muscle.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Maryssa P. Pinto Dos Santos, Higor Spineli, Bruna P. Dos Santos, Adriano E. Lima-Silva, Daniel L. G. Gitai, David J. Bishop, Gustavo Gomes de Araujo
Summary: This study investigated the influence of different genotypes of ADORA2A and CYP1A2, alone or in combination, on the ergogenic effects of caffeine on physical performance in male adolescent athletes. The results showed that acute caffeine intake of 6 mg/kg improved aspects of physical performance independent of genotypes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Knut T. T. Schneiker, Jackson J. J. Fyfe, Shaun Y. M. Teo, David J. J. Bishop
Summary: This study aimed to compare the effects of contrast training (CST) and progressive resistance training (PRT) on strength and power-related measures in subelite Australian Rules Football players. The results showed that both CST and PRT significantly improved strength and power performance, with CST having a greater effect on vertical jump height and PRT increasing body mass. The study suggests that contrast training is an effective alternative to progressive resistance training in young, male, team-sport athletes, particularly those with a lower power-to-strength ratio, during relatively short-term (6-8 weeks) training periods.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Sport Sciences
Shane F. O'Riordan, David J. Bishop, Shona L. Halson, James R. Broatch
Summary: Sports compression garments can alter peripheral blood flow, improving venous blood flow at rest, during and in recovery from a physiological challenge, while changes in arterial blood flow are only evident during a physiological challenge.
Article
Physiology
Claire Thomas, Remi Delfour-Peyrethon, Karen Lambert, Cesare Granata, Thomas Hobbs, Christine Hanon, David J. J. Bishop
Summary: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of pre-exercise alkalosis, induced via ingestion of sodium bicarbonate, on changes to lactate/pH regulatory proteins and mitochondrial function induced by a sprint-interval exercise session in humans. The results showed that ingestion of sodium bicarbonate increased blood bicarbonate and pH levels after exercise, and led to increases in lactate/pH regulatory proteins. Additionally, mitochondrial respiration was found to decrease after 24 hours of recovery in the sodium bicarbonate condition.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Xiquan Weng, Chaoge Wang, Yu Yuan, Zhenhuan Wang, Jujiao Kuang, Xu Yan, Hao Chen
Summary: The study investigated the effects of exercise and cold exposure on insulin sensitivity and serum free fatty acid levels in diet-induced obese rats. The results showed that both exercise and cold exposure independently reduced insulin resistance. Exercise reduced serum free fatty acids, while cold exposure had no effect. There was a positive correlation between insulin resistance and serum free fatty acid levels. The combination of exercise and cold exposure reduced subcutaneous and visceral fat ratios. Additionally, exercise and cold exposure increased protein expression related to fatty acid uptake and oxidation in muscle.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
James R. Broatch, Navabeh Zarekookandeh, Rebecca Glarin, Myrte Strik, Leigh A. Johnston, Bradford A. Moffat, Laura J. Bird, Kate Gunningham, Leonid Churilov, Hannah T. Johns, Christopher D. Askew, Itamar Levinger, Shane F. O'Riordan, David J. Bishop, Amy Brodtmann
Summary: This study aims to determine the effect of different doses of aerobic exercise training on markers of brain health in sedentary middle-aged adults, hypothesizing that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) will be more beneficial than moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). The study will be conducted through a two-group parallel randomized trial, and the results will be disseminated through various channels.
Review
Sport Sciences
Javier Botella, Christopher S. Shaw, David J. Bishop
Summary: This article examines the differences in autophagy gene expression profiles between human and mouse skeletal muscle and how they may explain the divergent exercise-induced autophagy responses. It also summarizes transcriptomic and phosphoproteomic datasets to identify potential targets for autophagy regulation following exercise in humans. Recommendations are provided for using ex vivo autophagy flux assays to further understand the impact of exercise on autophagy regulation in humans.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Nicholas J. Saner, Matthew J-C. Lee, Nathan W. Pitchford, James R. Broatch, Greg D. Roach, David J. Bishop, Jonathan D. Bartlett
Summary: Sleep loss negatively affects mood state and alertness, while exercise can have a positive impact on them. However, this study found that even though high-intensity interval exercise was performed during sleep restriction, it did not mitigate the negative effects on mood, well-being, and alertness. Further research is needed to determine if alternative exercise sessions or protocols can have more positive outcomes during sleep restriction.
JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David J. Bishop, Nolan J. Hoffman, Dale F. Taylor, Nicholas J. Saner, Matthew J. -C. Lee, John A. Hawley
Summary: The ability of skeletal muscle to adapt to repeated contractile stimuli involves various molecular processes, including increased protein activity and/or expression. Recent studies challenge the common assumption of a direct relationship between changes in the skeletal muscle transcriptome and proteome induced by repeated muscle contractions (e.g., exercise).
TRENDS IN BIOCHEMICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biology
Yunqing Zhang, Yigao Wu, Xueyin Fei, Yixuan Li, Yanchun Li, Xu Yan
Summary: The objective of this study was to systematically evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on serum adiponectin concentrations in children and adolescents with obesity. The results demonstrated that aerobic training significantly increased serum adiponectin concentrations in this population, with higher-intensity aerobic exercise resulting in greater increases.