Editorial Material
Fisheries
Ingrid A. Johnsen, Alison Harvey, Pal Naeverlid Saevik, Anne D. Sandvik, Ola Ugedal, Bjorn Adlandsvik, Vidar Wennevik, Kevin A. Glover, Orjan Karlsen
Summary: A model system was developed to estimate salmon lice-induced mortality, calibrated against empirical observations. Critics claim the model overestimates mortality, but their analysis may have shortcomings. Discrepancy between modelled and observed data does not necessarily indicate flaws, but can provide valuable supplementary information.
ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Claudia Tschesche, Michael Bekaert, Joseph L. Humble, James E. Bron, Armin Sturm
Summary: The pyrethroid deltamethrin and the macrocyclic lactone emamectin benzoate are used to treat farmed salmon infestations by parasitic salmon lice. Drug resistance in the lice is associated with overexpression of ace1b, a member of the functionally diverse carboxylesterases family. The study identified 21 CaEs genes/pseudogenes in L. salmonis, with overexpression of ace1b observed in multi-resistant lice compared to susceptible ones.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Muhammad Tanveer Khan, Sussie Dalvin, Frank Nilsen, Rune Male
Summary: The research on salmon lice identified two apolipoprotein encoding genes in the lice genome, with one gene showing higher expression levels in adult stages and playing an important role in reproduction in female lice.
BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Karoline Hasti Rutle, Rasmus Skern-Mauritzen, Frank Nilsen, Alejandro Mateos-Rivera, Anne Grete Sorvik Eide, Eeva Jansson, Maria Quintela, Francois Besnier, Fernando Allyon, Helene Borretzen Fjortoft, Kevin Alan Glover
Summary: Resistance toward the antiparasitic pyrethroid deltamethrin has been reported in the Atlantic salmon louse, and it is linked to mitochondrial DNA. This study investigates the impact of widespread pyrethroid use on mtDNA variation in lice and the dispersion of resistant haplotypes across the North Atlantic.
EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Parasitology
Andreas Borchel, Erna Irene Heggland, Frank Nilsen
Summary: Freshwater treatment has a detrimental effect on the egg strings of salmon lice, causing a collapse of their ordered structure and preventing the hatching of live animals. Shorter treatments and treatments with brackish water show milder effects. The egg strings have a protective effect against low salinities, while embryos react on a molecular level and delay hatching when treated with brackish water.
PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH
(2023)
Editorial Material
Fisheries
Peder A. Jansen, Bjarne Gjerde
Summary: Researchers have developed a model to predict lice-induced mortality of virtual post-smolt Atlantic salmon from 401 Norwegian rivers, with lice sourced from farmed salmon. However, the model's predictions of mortality rates were found to be systematically overestimated compared to mortality estimates based on observed lice numbers on caught post-smolts.
ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Cameron R. S. Thompson, James Bron, Samantha Bui, Sussie Dalvin, Mark John Fordyce, Gunnvor A. Noroi, Rasmus Skern-Mauritzen
Summary: The relative rarity of salmon lice planktonic larval stages poses challenges in estimating their abundance and distribution. A novel method using fluorescence-aided microscopy has been developed to rapidly enumerate salmon lice larvae, with an accuracy of 81.8% and processing time of 31 minutes, more than 20 times faster than traditional methods.
AQUACULTURE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sean C. Godwin, Andrew W. Bateman, Anna Kuparinen, Rick Johnson, John Powell, Kelly Speck, Jeffrey A. Hutchings
Summary: Research conducted in the Broughton Archipelago, Canada, reveals a significant decrease in the sensitivity of Pacific salmon lice to emamectin benzoate (EMB) since 2010, resulting in reduced efficacy of EMB treatments. These findings, which were obtained through Indigenous-led agreements and not publicly reported by industry or regulators, suggest that controlling salmon lice outbreaks in Pacific farms will be more challenging in the future.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andreas Borchel, Anna Zofia Komisarczuk, Frank Nilsen
Summary: Salmon lice, ectoparasites on salmonids, have a significant impact on the aquaculture industry. This study successfully developed a sex determination assay for salmon lice, allowing for early identification of the developmental speed and sex-specific SNPs. However, only a few genes showed differential expression between the sexes.
Article
Fisheries
Anne D. Sandvik, Sussie Dalvin, Rasmus Skern-Mauritzen, Morten D. Skogen
Summary: Climate change poses a threat to sustainable growth in the aquaculture industry, with salmon lice-induced mortality in wild salmonid populations identified as a major risk factor. Higher temperatures lead to increased production and infectivity of salmon lice, contributing to a significant rise in infection pressure from farmed to wild salmonids.
ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Melanie Andrews, Tor Einar Horsberg
Summary: This study investigated the effects of thermal treatment on the copepodid and pre-adult II stages of seven populations of L. salmonis. The results showed that while all stages of the parasite had an immediate reaction to thermal treatment, the majority of them recovered over time. Variations in baseline sensitivity were observed between populations, emphasizing the importance of routine in vitro bioassays to determine treatment efficacy.
Article
Parasitology
Francisco Neptali Morales-Serna, Danny Tang, Samuel Gomez
Summary: A new species of parasitic copepod, Lepeophtheirus mondacolasp. nov., is described based on specimens obtained from the shortjaw leatherjacket Oligoplites refulgens. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of morphological characters.
SYSTEMATIC PARASITOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Claudia Tschesche, Michael Bekaert, David Bassett, Sally Boyd, James E. Bron, Armin Sturm
Summary: This study aimed to reassess the association between DTM resistance and mitochondrial mutations in salmon lice. The results indicate that Leu107Ser (COX1) is the main genetic determinant of DTM resistance in L. salmonis.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
V. Fernandez-Gonzalez, E. M. Ulvan, P. Sanchez-Jerez, O. H. Diserud, K. Toledo-Guedes, N. Casado-Coy, P. Klebert, I. Uglem
Summary: This study aims to evaluate and determine a standardized method to measure sea lice abundance in the salmon farming industry, providing a sampling and analysis strategy for quantifying sea lice larvae. Quantifying sea lice larvae can lead to more accurate predictions of their dispersal and the risk of infestation in salmon farms.
Article
Biology
Hulda Maria Hardardottir, Rune Male, Frank Nilsen, Sussie Dalvin
Summary: Chitin synthase is a crucial enzyme involved in the survival and reproduction of aquatic organisms, with different expressions and functions in different tissues. Through RNA interference experiments, it was found that the chitin synthases of L. salmonis have significant impacts on the external cuticle and internal organs of lice at different developmental stages.
Article
Fisheries
Sussie Dalvin, Louise von G. Jorgensen, Per W. Kania, Sindre Grotmol, Kurt Buchmann, Aina-Cathrine Overgard
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Parasitology
Laura Braden, Dylan Michaud, Okechukwu O. Igboeli, Michael Dondrup, Lars Hamre, Sussie Dalvin, Sara L. Purcell, Heidi Kongshaug, Christiane Eichner, Frank Nilsen, Mark D. Fast
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Biology
Hulda Maria Hardardottir, Rune Male, Frank Nilsen, Sussie Dalvin
Summary: Chitin synthase is a crucial enzyme involved in the survival and reproduction of aquatic organisms, with different expressions and functions in different tissues. Through RNA interference experiments, it was found that the chitin synthases of L. salmonis have significant impacts on the external cuticle and internal organs of lice at different developmental stages.
Article
Fisheries
Samantha Bui, Sussie Dalvin, Tone Vagseth, Frode Oppedal, Frode Fossoy, Hege Brandsegg, Asa Jacobsen, Gunnvor A Noroi, Mark John Fordyce, Helena Kling Michelsen, Bengt Finstad, Rasmus Skern-Mauritzen
Summary: This study assessed the accuracy and precision of five quantification methods for enumerating lice in plankton samples in salmon aquaculture. The results showed that no methods passed the comparative test, with only one molecular technique method, ddPCR, being comparable to light microscopy in terms of accuracy and precision. Molecular techniques are currently limited in distinguishing between larval stages, but can be cost-effective in processing numerous samples.
AQUACULTURE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Cameron R. S. Thompson, James E. Bron, Samantha Bui, Sussie Dalvin, Mark J. Fordyce, Tomasz Furmanek, Gunnvor A. Noroi, Rasmus Skern-Mauritzen
Summary: The study suggests that using fluorescence microscopy with specific excitation and emission wavelengths can effectively differentiate salmon lice from non-target copepods, speeding up traditional methods of enumerating salmon louse larvae in plankton samples.
JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gorana Drobac, Qaiser Waheed, Behzad Heidari, Peter Ruoff
Summary: Recent research has focused on understanding how organisms maintain robust homeostasis through the use of control engineering and kinetic concepts, leading to the discovery of robust controller motifs. While controller motifs based on derepression can handle time-dependent perturbations, they may break down when regulatory inhibitor concentrations are too low. By incorporating multisite inhibition and positive feedback loops, an amplified controller based on derepression kinetics has been identified in the plant circadian clock, showing improved stability and resilience.
Article
Fisheries
Cameron R. S. Thompson, James Bron, Samantha Bui, Sussie Dalvin, Mark John Fordyce, Gunnvor A. Noroi, Rasmus Skern-Mauritzen
Summary: The relative rarity of salmon lice planktonic larval stages poses challenges in estimating their abundance and distribution. A novel method using fluorescence-aided microscopy has been developed to rapidly enumerate salmon lice larvae, with an accuracy of 81.8% and processing time of 31 minutes, more than 20 times faster than traditional methods.
AQUACULTURE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Rasmus Skern-Mauritzen, Ketil Malde, Christiane Eichner, Michael Dondrup, Tomasz Furmanek, Francois Besnier, Anna Zofia Komisarczuk, Michael Nuhn, Sussie Dalvin, Rolf B. Edvardsen, Sven Klages, Bruno Huettel, Kurt Stueber, Sindre Grotmol, Egil Karlsbakk, Paul Kersey, Jong S. Leong, Kevin A. Glover, Richard Reinhardt, Sigbjorn Lien, Inge Jonassen, Ben F. Koop, Frank Nilsen
Summary: Copepods play various ecological roles, among which Lepeophtheirus salmonis is a significant ectoparasitic copepod found on salmonid fish. The genome assembly of L. salmonis contains a high proportion of repetitive regions and annotated protein-coding genes, with evolutionary signatures such as loss of genes for peroxisome biogenesis and incomplete heme homeostasis pathway. Transcription analysis shows a shift in gene expression after host attachment, highlighting potential mechanisms for adaptation in this copepod species.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rune Kleppe, Qaiser Waheed, Peter Ruoff
Summary: Dopamine plays a crucial role as a signal mediator in the brain and periphery, with abnormalities in dopamine levels linked to various neuropsychiatric disorders. Research suggests that a negative feedback loop involving tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine helps maintain DOPA homeostasis by using DA as a derepression regulator.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Emmanuel Moutoussamy, Qaiser Waheed, Greta Binford, Hanif Khan, Shane Moran, Anna Eitel, Matthew H. J. Cordes, Nathalie Reuter, Nir Ben-Tal, Guanghong Wei
Summary: This study investigates the lipid specificity of SicTox toxins in spider venom. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the aromatic cage plays a major role in the binding of toxins to choline headgroups. This is particularly evident in alpha clade PLDs.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Mathias Stolen Ugelvik, Sussie Dalvin
Summary: This study investigated the effects of different intensities of the ectoparasitic salmon lice on stress, growth, and immune and wound healing transcripts in the skin of Atlantic salmon. The results showed that lice infection success and survival were influenced by dose and stage, and resulted in differential expression of transcripts in the skin. These findings are important for understanding the physiological and immune response mechanisms of fish infected with salmon lice.
JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Mathias Stolen Ugelvik, Stig Maehle, Sussie Dalvin
Summary: In this study, the researchers investigated the impact of temperature on stress and immune response of Atlantic salmon to salmon lice infestation. The results showed that lice infestation affected the expression of immune and wound healing genes in the skin, especially at the attachment site. The study also found that low temperatures impaired the host immune responses toward salmon lice, but had a more detrimental effect on the lice themselves. Additionally, the fish infected with lice had a higher increase in cortisol levels, indicating a higher stress response compared to un-infested fish.
JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qaiser Waheed, Huimin Zhou, Peter Ruoff
Summary: Homeostasis is essential for maintaining internal stability in cells and organisms, and control engineering methods have become increasingly important in the analysis and design of homeostatic networks. This paper explores enzyme-catalyzed dual-E controllers and shows that they can operate in two control modes.
Article
Fisheries
Aina-Cathrine Overgard, Christiane Eichner, Noelia Nunez-Ortiz, Heidi Kongshaug, Andreas Borchel, Sussie Dalvin
Summary: Atlantic salmon are highly susceptible to infestations with the salmon louse. The immune response in the fish does not lead to parasite clearance or protection against subsequent infestations. This study investigated the transcriptomic response of the skin at the site of copepodid attachment and found differentially expressed genes. The immune response was primarily localized to the attachment site, with pro-inflammatory cytokines and immune cell marker transcripts observed mainly in whole skin and scale samples.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Muhammad Tanveer Khan, Sussie Dalvin, Frank Nilsen, Rune Male
Summary: The research on salmon lice identified two apolipoprotein encoding genes in the lice genome, with one gene showing higher expression levels in adult stages and playing an important role in reproduction in female lice.
BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS REPORTS
(2021)