Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zacharias Viskadourakis, George Fanourakis, Evangelos Tamiolakis, Anna Theodosi, Klytaimnistra Katsara, Nikolaos Rafael Vrithias, Odysseas Tsilipakos, George Kenanakis
Summary: Rectangular, millimeter-scale complementary split ring resonators were fabricated using the computer numerical control method combined with a home-built mechanical engraver. The dimensions of these resonators were thoroughly investigated in the frequency range of 2-9 GHz, and a good consistency was obtained between experimental results and theoretical simulations. Additionally, the sensing response of these metasurfaces against aqueous solutions enriched with typical fertilizers and commonly used detergents was extensively studied, demonstrating their potential as sensors for water pollution.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Daisuke Kitayama, Adam Pander, Hiroyuki Takahashi
Summary: This study investigates the design methodologies of active split-ring resonators (SRRs) for more efficient dynamic control of metasurfaces in the intelligent radio environment for 5G/6G. By incorporating an additional gap in the SRRs, the excitation of the circulating-current mode is achieved even with the implementation of large capacitance. The presented design methodology demonstrates high effectiveness and can be applied to various active metamaterials.
Article
Optics
Cameron M. Naraine, Jocelyn N. Westwood-Bachman, Cameron Horvath, Mirwais Aktary, Andrew P. Knights, Jens H. Schmid, Pavel Cheben, Jonathan D. B. Bradley
Summary: Subwavelength grating (SWG) metamaterial waveguides and ring resonators on a silicon nitride platform are proposed and demonstrated. The SWG waveguide achieves a large overlap (53%) of the Bloch mode with the top cladding material, showing great potential for evanescent field sensing and light amplification. Fabricated using a commercial rapid turn-around silicon nitride prototyping foundry process, the devices have critical dimensions greater than 100 nm. Experimental characterization reveals excellent internal quality factor (2.11 x 10(5)) and low propagation loss (approximately 1.5 dB cm(-1)) in the C-band, surpassing silicon-based SWG ring resonators. These results demonstrate the promising prospects of SWG metamaterial structures for silicon nitride based photonic integrated circuits.
LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Gloria Conte, Leonardo Vicarelli, Simone Zanotto, Alessandro Pitanti
Summary: This paper demonstrates how the acoustic properties of a silicon nitride membrane can be manipulated by nanopatterning, resulting in artificial anisotropic elasticity and splitting of mechanical modes.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Morteza Teymoori, Arda Deniz Yalcinkaya
Summary: The microfluidic field has developed paper-based devices that offer fast and cost-effective testing options, particularly for regions with limited access to healthcare centers and laboratories. However, most paper-based devices are qualitative or semi-quantitative, highlighting the need for quantitative transduction methods. This study introduces a microwave paper-based metamaterial-inspired transduction method that relies on dielectric sensing, offering potential applications in the biosensing field.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Cristian Mejia-Cortes, Mario Molina
Summary: The study investigates the impact of resonant frequency disorder on the eigenstates and transport of magnetic energy in a two-dimensional array of split-ring resonators. Different behaviors of mean square displacement (MSD) are observed in the presence and absence of disorder, with evidence of sub-diffusive behavior in a correlated disorder window.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
M. Ananda Reddy, R. Pandeeswari, Seok-Bum Ko
Summary: This study presents the use of Non-bianisotropic Complementary Split Ring Resonator (NBCSRR) and cylindrical metal vias to create a bandstop filter with electromagnetic bandgap behavior. The compact filter structure achieved sub-wavelength operation using NBCSRR. The prototype filter was fabricated and tested, showing good agreement between the measured and simulated results. The filter exhibits high rejection levels in the X band, ranging from 8.8GHz to 9.3GHz.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-EXPRESS BRIEFS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Takumi Kaneda, Tetsuya Ueda
Summary: Dual-band composite right/left-handed transmission lines with nonreciprocal phase shift controlled by external magnetic field are proposed and demonstrated. The dynamic change in the nonreciprocal phase gradient enables the realization of dual-band and unidirectional leaky-wave antennas without frequency-dependent change in beam direction. A prototype nonreciprocal metamaterial line using polycrystalline yttrium iron garnet is fabricated and measured for verification.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
A. Samy Saadeldin, Amr M. Sayed, Adnan M. Amr, Menna O. Sayed, Mohamed Farhat O. Hameed, S. S. A. Obayya
Summary: In this paper, a wideband and ultrathin metamaterial absorber for Ku-band applications is proposed, analyzed, and fabricated. The absorber achieves nearly perfect absorption above 90% in the entire Ku band at normal incidence for both transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarization. It shows a good absorption response under oblique incidence as well. Therefore, the proposed absorber has great potential for Ku-band applications.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Mohamed Amine Zidane, Amar Rouane, Cherif Hamouda, Hichem Amar
Summary: A microwave sensor for glucose concentration measurement is proposed, utilizing a novel configuration of resonators to detect small changes in glucose concentrations in water. Through numerical simulation and experimental study, the sensor demonstrates high sensitivity and accuracy, making it suitable for real-time, non-destructive and cost-effective measurements.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Fahimeh Marvi, Kian Jafari, Shiva Aziminam
Summary: In this article, a novel two-axis optical nano-electromechanical-system (NEMS) accelerometer based on metamaterials is proposed for biomedical applications. The accelerometer utilizes split-ring resonators (SRR) to form a tunable metamaterial device, allowing for sensitive measurement of body accelerations or position estimations. Numerical and analytical analysis of the BioNEMS accelerometer yield functional characteristics such as optical sensitivity, mechanical sensitivity, measurement range, and bandwidth. The results demonstrate that the proposed accelerometer can be used as a highly sensitive nanoscale platform in various medical applications.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Weijian Cai, Jianfang Zhu, Youpeng Yang, Xiaoran Wang, Zhengfang Qian, Shuting Fan
Summary: In this study, a double-open hexagonal ring metamaterial (MM) with high refractive index sensitivity was designed and fabricated to improve the detection sensitivity of terahertz (THz) biosensors. The resonant properties of the MMs were demonstrated through simulations and experiments. The MM sensor showed high sensitivity and low detection limits to glucose and bovine serum protein (BSA) solutions, indicating potential applications in the THz biomedical field.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Michalis Nitas, Traianos Yioultsis
Summary: This paper presents a fully numerical homogenization technique for determining the effective constitutive parameters of a periodic composite medium. By averaging the field components over specific paths in the periodic unit cell, the constitutive relations for each eigenmode can be derived. The solution of the resulting linear system returns a set of fifteen effective constitutive parameters, including magnetoelectric coefficients.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Iulia Andreea Mocanu
Summary: A compact 3-dB dual band ring coupler is designed using LH transmission line's duality principle, achieving size reduction and good performance in testing.
Article
Optics
Jie Xu, Jian Tang, Ming Chen, Chuanxin Teng, Shijie Deng, Yu Cheng, Shiliang Qu, Libo Yuan
Summary: This study proposes improved linear and circular dichroic metamirrors based on single-layer graphene to address the issues of low efficiency, single function, and complex structure in existing dichroic metamirrors. The designed metamirrors consist of the ion-gel, patterned graphene, polyimide, polysilicon, and gold substrates. The anisotropy of the achiral structures enables simultaneous circular dichroism (0.8) and linear dichroism (0.9) in two directions without functional switching. The exceptionally strong dichroism is achieved by manipulating the incidence angle of electromagnetic waves rather than the structural chirality.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Pau Casacuberta, Paris Velez, Jonathan Munoz-Enano, Lijuan Su, Ferran Martin
Summary: This article presents highly sensitive permittivity sensors operating in reflection and utilizing phase variation. The sensors are designed as one-port structures using a pair of coupled lines as the sensitive region. By manipulating the coupling factor and the electrical length of the coupled lines, the sensitivity can be driven to high values. The prototype sensors achieve competitive sensitivity and figures of merit without the need for additional circuit stages, unlike other sensitive sensors.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Zahra Mehrjoo, Amir Ebrahimi, Grzegorz Beziuk, Ferran Martin, Kamran Ghorbani
Summary: A phase variation-based rotation sensor is presented in this article, which utilizes a coplanar waveguide terminated with a stepped impedance LC resonator. By rotating a circular dielectric slab above the resonator, the sensor can detect the rotation angle based on the variation of the reflection coefficient. The linearity of the sensor is improved by tapering the width of the capacitive metallic patch along the rotation direction. The operation and sensing performance of the sensor are studied through circuit-based analysis and electromagnetic simulations. A sensor prototype is fabricated and experimentally measured to validate the design and analysis procedure.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Lijuan Su, Paris Velez, Pau Casacuberta, Jonathan Munoz-Enano, Ferran Martin
Summary: A planar microwave sensor is proposed for detecting humidity in underwear and clothes, which is particularly helpful for patients with hyperhidrosis and enuresis. The sensor operates at a single frequency and uses a resonator loaded with a sensing stub to measure the variation in the transmission coefficient caused by the humidity level of the fabric. By designing the stub with a moderately high-quality factor, the sensor can detect the presence of liquid in the fabric. Experimental validation shows that the sensor can measure a significant change in magnitude when a small amount of water is deposited on the fabric.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Mohammad Abdolrazzaghi, Nazli Kazemi, Vahid Nayyeri, Ferran Martin
Summary: This research investigates the use of artificial intelligence to improve the selectivity of microwave sensors for liquid mixture sensing. By incorporating a regenerative amplifier, the quality factor of the microwave sensor was significantly improved. A deep neural network (DNN) was used to characterize binary mixtures, while a convolutional neural network (CNN) was employed for ternary mixtures, resulting in enhanced selectivity.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Pau Casacuberta, Paris Velez, Jonathan Munoz-Enano, Lijuan Su, Ferran Martin
Summary: This letter demonstrates that losses in one-port reflective-mode phase-variation planar permittivity sensors based on weakly coupled quarter-wavelength resonators can enhance sensitivity. The key to optimizing sensitivity is to achieve a high slope in the phase of the reflection coefficient at the operating frequency and the output variable. The magnitude of the phase slope can be arbitrarily high with adequate design considering device and material under test losses, regardless of its sign. Therefore, losses can be strategically utilized to achieve unprecedented sensitivities in this type of sensor.
IEEE SENSORS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ferran Paredes, Ana Moya, Miguel Berenguel-Alonso, David Gonzalez, Pep Bruguera, Claudia Delgado-Simao, Ferran Martin
Summary: This article presents a complete system for measuring the absolute position, velocity, and acceleration of moving objects in industrial scenarios. The system uses an electromagnetic encoder consisting of metallic patches printed on a rubber belt. A clock/velocity chain generates the necessary signals to read the position chain, which contains patches at predefined positions. The system also includes a reader based on a transmission line with three resonators to detect the patches as the encoder moves.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Amirhossein Karami-Horestani, Ferran Paredes, Ferran Martin
Summary: This article reports on synchronous electromagnetic encoder systems that use phase encoding to increase the number of bits per encoder position. The reader consists of a transmission line terminated with a matched load and fed by a harmonic signal. The encoders are implemented using strip resonators printed or etched on a dielectric substrate. Phase encoding is achieved through the transverse position of the strips. The system offers high density of bits per unit length and surface and requires only a single harmonic signal for tag reading.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ferran Martin, Francisco Medina
Summary: This paper provides an overview of balanced structures operating at microwaves, including common-mode suppression filters, balanced filters and circuits with intrinsic common-mode suppression, and differential-mode sensors. The paper discusses various approaches for the implementation of these structures and compares the proposed strategies for optimizing the performance of the devices. The robustness of balanced structures against electromagnetic interference, noise, and environmental factors makes them increasingly popular in communication circuits and sensors.
IEEE JOURNAL OF MICROWAVES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Paris Velez, Xavier Canalias, Jonathan Munoz-Enano, Pau Casacuberta, Lijuan Su, Ferran Martin
Summary: This article analyzes the effects of losses on the sensitivity of reflective-mode phase variation liquid sensors and shows that losses can potentially enhance sensitivity with the right sensor design.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Amirhossein Karami-Horestani, Ferran Paredes, Ferran Martin
Summary: This letter introduces electromagnetic encoders that utilize four different inclusions for encoding. The encoders are read by tuning carrier signals to the resonance frequencies of the included strips. The functionality of the system is experimentally validated and it is shown that the encoders can be programmed by cutting identical inclusions.
IEEE SENSORS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Pau Casacuberta, Paris Velez, Jonathan Munoz-Enano, Lijuan Su, Marta Gil Barba, Amir Ebrahimi, Ferran Martin
Summary: This paper presents a single-frequency reflective-mode phase-variation microwave sensor for dielectric characterization of materials. The sensor is implemented in coplanar waveguide technology and has high sensitivity and optimized operation frequency. By altering the capacitance of a step-impedance resonator, the sensor can detect the dielectric constant of a material under test.
