Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Joshua R. Smith, Randal J. Thomas, Amanda R. Bonikowske, Shane M. Hammer, Thomas P. Olson
Summary: This article reviews the sex differences in outpatient phase II cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programming, including CR participation rates, core components, and barriers to participation. Strategies to mitigate these disparities are discussed, along with areas for future research.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jerome Robert
Summary: Endothelial cells are crucial for vascular homeostasis and play a vital role in controlling blood flow, immune cell trafficking, and vascular growth and repair. Dysfunction of endothelial cells, characterized by impaired secretion of vasodilator molecules, increased reactive oxygen species, expression of adhesion molecules, and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, leads to cardiovascular diseases. Sex hormones, such as estrogens, androgens, and progestogens, regulate endothelial functions. However, gender also influences endothelial cell physiology at the genetic level.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Leah Hernandez, Agne Laucyte-Cibulskiene, Liam J. Ward, Alexandra Kautzky-Willer, Maria-Trinidad Herrero, Colleen M. Norris, Valeria Raparelli, Louise Pilote, Peter Stenvinkel, Karolina Kublickiene
Summary: Cardio-pulmonary diseases have become a major health issue for both men and women. Gender and sex play important roles in disease diagnosis and treatment. Recent research has shown that females may have different pathophysiology for heart disease, and females have a higher prevalence of pulmonary disorders. However, the socio-cultural role of gender in interventions is still understudied. This review highlights the importance of gender dimension and its interrelation with chronic kidney disease in the cardio-pulmonary continuum.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Bakhtawar K. Mahmoodi, Niclas Eriksson, Gerrit J. A. Vos, Karina Meijer, Agneta Siegbahn, Stefan James, Lars Wallentin, Jurrien M. ten Berg
Summary: In patients with acute coronary syndrome, factor V Leiden mutation does not increase the risk of ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or affect peak cardiac necrosis markers levels.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Shawn Simek, Brian Lue, Anjali Rao, Goutham Ravipati, Srilakshmi Vallabhaneni, Kathleen Zhang, Vlad G. Zaha, Alvin Chandra
Summary: Gender differences exist in the medical field, including cardio-oncology. Gender may influence cancer susceptibility, cardiotoxicities, healthcare, and cancer treatments.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Anissa Viveiros, Jaslyn Rasmuson, Jennie Vu, Sharon L. Mulvagh, Cindy Y. Y. Yip, Colleen M. Norris, Gavin Y. Oudit
Summary: Biological sex is a critical determinant in health and disease, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic where males tend to exhibit more severe symptoms and higher mortality rates. The similarities in sex differences between cardiovascular disease and COVID-19 are largely due to the involvement of the innate immune system and the RAS. Additionally, the role of ACE2 in both diseases and the activation of ADAM17 exacerbating ACE2 loss are key factors influencing disease outcomes.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Sarah Gauci, Susie Cartledge, Julie Redfern, Robyn Gallagher, Rachel Huxley, Crystal Man Ying Lee, Amy Vassallo, Adrienne O'Neil
Summary: Research on cardiovascular disease in women is lacking, leading to a disproportionate impact on women compared to men. Differences in sex and gender contribute to inequality in risk, presentation, and treatment of CVD in women. Educating healthcare professionals, providing patient-centered care, and conducting inclusive health research are essential steps to address these disparities.
CURRENT ATHEROSCLEROSIS REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Julia N. C. Toews, Tristan J. Philippe, Matthew Dordevic, Lesley A. Hill, Geoffrey L. Hammond, Victor Viau
Summary: CBG regulates sexual dimorphism and is linked to metabolic activities and inflammatory diseases in rats through its effects on glucocorticoid dynamics and gene expression.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Patrick M. Hyland, Jiaman Xu, Changyu Shen, Lawrence J. Markson, Warren J. Manning, Jordan B. Strom
Summary: This study identified disparities in transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) utilization based on race, sex, and age, with females, non-white individuals, and older individuals having lower rates of TTE use.
Article
Cell Biology
Paolo Magni
Summary: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity, mortality, and disability across the globe. The interaction between sex/gender and age has been proven to have a significant impact on the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of atherosclerosis. To address the gaps in knowledge in this area, more research involving women as participants in clinical studies is necessary. Age-related discrimination, or ageism, must also be addressed to ensure equal access to healthcare for older individuals of both genders. Diagnostic and prevention protocols for managing cardiovascular diseases should be improved based on these factors, alongside innovative biomedical and communication strategies.
MECHANISMS OF AGEING AND DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Magdolna Nagy, Paola E. J. van der Meijden, Julia Glunz, Leon Schurgers, Esther Lutgens, Hugo ten Cate, Stefan Heitmeier, Henri M. H. Spronk
Summary: This review focuses on the important factors of atherosclerosis contributing to the pathophysiology of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The role of thrombo-inflammation and hypercoagulability in vascular diseases, including PAD, is discussed. The current antithrombotic treatments and potential new targets for the development of new treatments are also examined.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cristina Lupu, Maulin M. Patel, Florea Lupu
Summary: ADTRP is an androgen-inducible protein that regulates the expression and activity of inhibitors in the coagulation pathway, associated with cardiovascular diseases and thrombosis, and plays a role in artery protection. Additionally, ADTRP maintains vascular integrity and function through regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Kristian Lokke Funck, Lasse Bjerg, Anders Aasted Isaksen, Annelli Sandbaek, Erik Lerkevang Grove
Summary: This study aims to examine the impact of gender and specific type of cardiovascular disease diagnosis on the time-to-initiation of cardioprotective GLDs after a dual diagnosis of T2DM and CVD.
CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Urology & Nephrology
Tae Won Yi, Adeera Levin
Summary: This review aims to summarize the known and unknown effects of sex and gender on cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease. It discusses the definition of sex and gender, as well as the underlying physiology of observed differences. It explores how sex and gender influence specific cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, arrhythmias, cardiovascular mortality, and pre-eclampsia. It concludes with a review of recent randomized controlled trials and highlights the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences between sexes.
SEMINARS IN NEPHROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Dominic Millenaar, Markus Dillmann, Tobias Fehlmann, Alexander Flohr, Roxana Mehran, Rasha Al-Lamee, Lucas Lauder, Christian Ukena, Michael Boehm, Andreas Keller, Felix Mahfoud
Summary: This study explored the sex-specific differences in authorship of cardiovascular research over the past decade. The findings showed an overall increase in cardiovascular publications, particularly among female authors. However, articles by female authors had a lower median impact factor and were cited less frequently compared to male authors. There were also regional differences in the impact factor of articles by female authors, with North America having the highest and Africa having the lowest.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2022)