Article
Rehabilitation
Shuoqi Li, Shazlin Shaharudin, Mohammed Rafiq Abdul Kadir
Summary: This study analyzed the effectiveness of L-BFR training in knee rehabilitation, showing that both L-BFR and high-load resistance training groups experienced an increase in muscle strength after the training, and pain score was significantly reduced in the L-BFR group. Therefore, L-BFR could be a potential intervention in the rehabilitation of knee injuries.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION
(2021)
Article
Orthopedics
Dario Kohlbrenner, Celine Aregger, Martin Osswald, Noriane A. Sievi, Christian F. Clarenbach
Summary: This case study demonstrates the benefits of utilizing low-load blood flow restriction strength training in COPD patients to improve strength and functional capacity while reducing symptom burden. The patient did not experience any adverse events related to the training program.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Braidy S. S. Solie, Garrett G. G. Eggleston, Nicole A. A. Schwery, Christopher P. P. Doney, Michael T. T. Kiely, Christopher M. M. Larson
Summary: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) can lead to thigh muscle atrophy. Exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) has been found to be safe and effective in mitigating this atrophy. A case report presented a 15-year-old male soccer player who underwent ACLR and completed exercise with BFR as part of his rehabilitation program. After 16 weeks, his surgical limb showed objectively larger thigh girth and lower-extremity lean body mass than the non-surgical limb. This suggests that the inclusion of clinic- and home-based BFR may be beneficial in resolving thigh muscle atrophy after ACLR.
Article
Orthopedics
Kelechi R. Okoroha, Joseph S. Tramer, Lafi S. Khalil, Toufic R. Jildeh, Muhammad J. Abbas, Patrick J. Buckley, Craig Lindell, Vasilios Moutzouros
Summary: Integrating blood flow restriction (BFR) therapy into the perioperative physical therapy protocol for ACL reconstruction can lead to improved quadriceps strength and patient-reported outcomes at 6 weeks postoperatively. However, no significant differences in strength or patient-reported outcomes were found between the two groups at 3 and 6 months postoperatively.
ORTHOPAEDIC JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Scott Telfer, John Calhoun, Joseph J. Bigham, Simran Mand, Joshua M. Gellert, Mia S. Hagen, Christopher Y. Kweon, Albert O. Gee
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of blood flow restriction (BFR) on the performance of a step-up exercise protocol in individuals who had recently undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery, as well as to assess the acceptability of the technique. The results showed changes in knee joint mechanics, increased exercise difficulty, and induced moderate levels of discomfort when using BFR.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Pat R. Vehrs, Chase Blazzard, Hannah C. Hart, Nicole Kasper, Ryan Lacey, Daniela Lopez, Shay Richards, Dennis L. Eggett
Summary: This study measured arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) in the dominant and non-dominant legs of males and females using different cuff inflation protocols. The results showed no significant differences in AOP within or between the legs, or between sexes. AOP measurements were highly reliable, and the choice of cuff inflation protocol was a matter of personal preference. It is important to measure AOP in both limbs to ensure safe and effective use of blood flow restriction (BFR) during exercise.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hironaga Ogawa, Toshiaki Nakajima, Ikuko Shibasaki, Takahisa Nasuno, Hiroyuki Kaneda, Satoshi Katayanagi, Hayato Ishizaka, Yuta Mizushima, Azusa Uematsu, Tomohiro Yasuda, Hiroshi Yagi, Shigeru Toyoda, Tibor Hortobagyi, Takashi Mizushima, Teruo Inoue, Hirotsugu Fukuda
Summary: This study investigated the effects of low-intensity resistance training combined with moderate blood flow restriction on muscle strength and size in patients early after cardiac surgery. The results showed that KAATSU RT can safely increase skeletal muscle strength and size, with improvements in muscle thickness, walking speed, and knee extensor strength.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Kara A. Stone, Sean J. Mahoney, Rachel A. Paryzek, Logan Pitts, Sherri N. Stastny, Steven L. Mitchell, Meghan E. Downs, Kirk L. English, Kyle J. Hackney
Summary: Blended protein supplementation combined with BFR exercise did not show additional benefits in altering body composition, muscle function, and cardiovascular health compared to BFR exercise alone. The study suggests further research is needed before considering this approach as an adjunct countermeasure for negative effects of disuse in spaceflight settings.
Review
Physiology
Andreas Konrad, Richard Mocnik, Masatoshi Nakamura
Summary: There is evidence supporting the short-term effects of floss band treatment on range of motion and performance, with small to moderate effect sizes. However, further long-term studies are needed to explore the underlying mechanisms.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yi Fan, Dingqun Bai, Chongyuan Cheng, Guihua Tian
Summary: This study explored the effectiveness and safety of blood flow restriction (BFR) therapy in patients with distal radius fracture (DRF) who underwent surgery. The results showed that BFR therapy effectively relieved pain and swelling, increased muscle strength and wrist function, and had no additional risks for bone healing and venous thrombosis. Individualized protocols and frequent assessments are needed for BFR therapy in DRF patients after ORIF.
ANNALS OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Dylan P. Roman, Julie P. Burland, Arthur Fredericks, Nicholas Giampetruzzi, Jennifer Prue, Adel Lolic, J. Lee Pace, Allison E. Crepeau, Adam P. Weaver
Summary: In adolescent patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), the addition of a standardized blood flow restriction training (BFRT) protocol to a traditional rehabilitation program significantly improved knee strength and patient-reported function.
ORTHOPAEDIC JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Sport Sciences
Mark Colapietro, Brandon Portnoff, Sayers John Miller, Wayne Sebastianelli, Giampietro L. Vairo
Summary: This systematic review assessed the effects of blood flow restriction (BFR) training compared to conventional therapy on knee muscle morphological and strength properties in ACL-reconstructed patients. The results showed limited evidence supporting the use of BFR training in improving or maintaining thigh muscle size as well as knee extensor and flexor strength. The effect sizes indicated no consistent clinically meaningful differences when compared with conventional therapy.
SPORTS HEALTH-A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Louise Mortensen, Inger Mechlenburg, Stian Langgard Jorgensen
Summary: This case study provides evidence that low-load blood-flow-restriction exercise (LL-BFRE) may be a feasible intervention to preserve skeletal muscle mass and improve lower-limb muscle function after a fracture of the lateral malleolus. A 28-year-old female patient performed 12 weeks of home-based LL-BFRE with no exercise-related adverse events and experienced minimal pain. Vastus lateralis muscle volume, and thigh and calf circumference were maintained.
CLINICAL JOURNAL OF SPORT MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Na Li, Jingfeng Yang, Yuanpeng Liao
Summary: The study investigated the effects of independently applying blood flow restriction training (BFRT) and electrical muscle stimulation (EMS), as well as combining the two methods, on muscle function. The results showed that combining BFRT and EMS for low-intensity squat training improved muscle strength of the lower limbs by promoting muscle hypertrophy and improving muscle activation.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Sherry A. Johnson, David D. Frisbie, Gregg M. Griffenhagen, Melissa R. King
Summary: This study conducted a 56-day unilateral forelimb blood flow restriction experiment on four horses, and the results showed that exposure to BFR did not result in forelimb biomechanical dysfunction. Significant differences in limb occlusion pressure (LOP) were observed between different horses and between the left and right forelimbs.
EQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Simon Lovegrove, Liam J. Hughes, Sean K. Mansfield, Paul J. Read, Phil Price, Stephen D. Patterson
Summary: This study investigated the reliability of repetitions in reserve (RIR) as a method for prescribing resistance training load for novice athletes. The results showed that RIR is a reliable tool for load prescription in a young novice population, and different repetition schemes can be used to target specific resistance training adaptations.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Sport Sciences
Pierre Sinclair, Murtaza Kadhum, Bruce Paton
Summary: Intermittent cuff deflations during training intervals do not improve tolerance to exercise during blood flow restriction training. However, there may be some improvement in perceived exertion, with no significant difference in strength gain.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Dean Conway, A. Bliss, S. D. Patterson
Summary: This study examined the factors influencing the accuracy of perceived exertion during rehabilitation in patients with chronic low back pain. The results showed that perceived exertion accuracy was influenced by pain, disability, and heart rate during the rehabilitation process. Even after the completion of rehabilitation, perceived exertion accuracy remained negatively correlated with average heart rate. Ultimately, the improvement in perceived exertion accuracy was correlated with changes in average heart rate throughout the rehabilitation program.
BMJ MILITARY HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Luke Nicholas Woodhouse, Jamie Tallent, Stephen David Patterson, Mark Waldron
Summary: Longitudinal study on international female rugby union players over 5 seasons revealed changes in anthropometric and physical performance characteristics, highlighting distinctions between field positions. Overall, physical performance has improved, with differences in anthropometric and performance characteristics becoming more pronounced among elite female rugby union players in different positions.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biophysics
Luke Hughes, Kyle J. Hackney, Stephen D. Patterson
Summary: During spaceflight missions, astronauts face hazards to their physical health and performance due to exposure to microgravity. Physical exercise is crucial for mitigating physical deconditioning, but current exercise strategies have limitations in microgravity. Blood flow restriction exercise is a low intensity strategy that can provide positive training benefits across multiple physiological systems, making it a potential optimization strategy for exercise countermeasures in spaceflight.
AEROSPACE MEDICINE AND HUMAN PERFORMANCE
(2022)
Article
Orthopedics
Nasir Uddin, Mark Waldron, Stephen D. Patterson, Stacy Winter, Jamie Tallent
Summary: This study investigated the differences in symptom onset and recovery between combat sports and evaluated the relationships between concussion and rapid weight loss (RWL) symptoms among combat sports athletes. The results indicate that there is a strong association between concussion symptoms and RWL symptoms, with most athletes reporting a worsening of concussion symptoms during rapid weight loss.
CLINICAL JOURNAL OF SPORT MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Physiology
Nasir Uddin, Jamie Tallent, Stephen D. Patterson, Stuart Goodall, Mark Waldron
Summary: Heat-induced hypo-hydration impairs neuromuscular function, particularly during repeated and sustained contractions. The mechanisms of these effects are separate from those of hyperthermia-induced fatigue and are likely due to modulations in corticospinal inhibition, increased fiber conduction velocity, pain perception, and impaired contractile function.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ismita Chhetri, Julie E. A. Hunt, Jeewaka R. Mendis, Lui G. Forni, Justin Kirk-Bayley, Ian White, Jonathan Cooper, Karthik Somasundaram, Nikunj Shah, Stephen D. Patterson, Zudin A. Puthucheary, Hugh E. Montgomery, Benedict C. Creagh-Brown
Summary: Muscle wasting is a significant problem in ICU-AW patients, affecting 40% of patients and causing long-term physical disability. The application of repetitive vascular occlusion stimulus (RVOS) has shown potential in limiting muscle atrophy and improving clinical outcomes in ICU patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Bruce M. Paton, Nick Court, Michael Giakoumis, Paul Head, Babar Kayani, Sam Kelly, Gino M. M. J. Kerkhoffs, James Moore, Peter Moriarty, Simon Murphy, Ricci Plastow, Noel Pollock, Paul Read, Ben Stirling, Laura Tulloch, Nicol van Dyk, Mathew G. Wilson, David Wood, Fares Haddad
Summary: Muscle injury classification systems for hamstring injuries have evolved to use anatomy and imaging information, but lack reliability and validity data. A narrative evidence review and Delphi study were conducted to build an international consensus on best-practice decision-making. The most commonly used classification system is the British Athletics Muscle Injury Classification (BAMIC). More research is needed on surgical referral and effectiveness criteria, and validity and reliability of classification systems.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Ricci Plastow, Gino M. M. J. Kerkhoffs, David Wood, Bruce M. Paton, Babar Kayani, Noel Pollock, Nick Court, Michael Giakoumis, Paul Head, Sam Kelly, James Moore, Peter Moriarty, Simon Murphy, Paul Read, Ben Stirling, Laura Tulloch, Nicol Van Dyk, Mathew Wilson, Fares Haddad
Summary: The 2020 London International Hamstring Consensus meeting aimed to establish clear indications for surgical repair of hamstring injuries (HSIs) and provide a foundation for future research. The consensus group agreed that operative intervention can be considered for specific criteria such as gapping at the zone of tendinous injury, symptomatic displaced bony avulsions, and refractory proximal free tendon injuries. However, further research is needed to determine the efficacy of surgery in reducing reinjury risk and the group did not support the use of corticosteroids or endoscopic surgery without further evidence.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Bruce M. Paton, Paul Read, Nicol van Dyk, Mathew G. Wilson, Noel Pollock, Nick Court, Michael Giakoumis, Paul Head, Babar Kayani, Sam Kelly, Gino M. M. J. Kerkhoffs, James Moore, Peter Moriarty, Simon Murphy, Ricci Plastow, Ben Stirling, Laura Tulloch, David Wood, Fares Haddad
Summary: This study aimed to develop an international expert consensus for the management of hamstring injuries (HSIs) through a modified Delphi methodology and consensus process. The study involved 46 international experts and found consensus in areas such as exercise selection and dosage, impact of the kinetic chain, and criteria for return to sport (RTS). However, there was disagreement in benchmarks for flexibility and strength, as well as the use of adjuncts in rehabilitation.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Luke Nicholas Woodhouse, Mark Bennett, Jamie Tallent, Stephen David Patterson, Mark Waldron
Summary: This study investigated the impact of anthropometric and physical abilities on match collision performance among international female rugby union players. The findings suggest that body mass, composition, strength, and power contribute towards successful collision actions in different positions and types of collision events. Therefore, physical training programs should be designed with this specificity in mind.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Sport Sciences
Fares S. Haddad, Bruce M. Paton, Ricci Plastow, Mathew G. Wilson
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Ryan Norbury, Lieben Dickens, Ian Grant, Alison Emery, Stephen D. Patterson
Summary: This study aimed to examine the effects of ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) cycles on experimental pain perception. The results showed that remote IPC significantly improved pain tolerance, which may have significant implications for endurance performance and exercise rehabilitation.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Sport Sciences
Stephen David Patterson, William Page, Phil Price, Daniel Cleather
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
