Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Monica Imbernon, Benedicte Dehouck, Vincent Prevot
Summary: The suprachiasmatic nucleus plays a crucial role in synchronizing physiology with the individual's environment, while tanycytes regulate the circadian changes in brain glucose entry and glycemia under the tempo set by the SCN.
Article
Cell Biology
Tim Gruber, Chenchen Pan, Raian E. Contreras, Tobias Wiedemann, Donald A. Morgan, Alicja A. Skowronski, Sandrine Lefort, Cahue De Bernardis Murat, Ophelia Le Thuc, Beata Legutko, Francisco J. Ruiz-Ojeda, Maria de la Fuente-Fernandez, Angel Luis Garcia-Villalon, Daniel Gonzalez-Hedstroem, Melanie Huber, Klara Szigeti-Buck, Timo D. Mueller, Siegfried Ussar, Paul Pfluger, Steve C. Woods, Ali Ertuerk, Charles A. LeDuc, Kamal Rahmouni, Miriam Granado, Tamas L. Horvath, Matthias H. Tschoep, Cristina Garcia-Caceres
Summary: This study found that hyperleptinemia promotes obesity-induced hypertension through a HIF1a-VEGF signaling cascade in hypothalamic astrocytes. Blocking the HIF1a-VEGF pathway in astrocytes can protect from obesity-induced hypothalamic angiopathy, sympathetic hyperactivity, or arterial hypertension.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Roldan Medina de Guia, Anna S. Hassing, Tao Ma, Kaja Plucinska, Birgitte Holst, Zach Gerhart-Hines, Brice Emanuelli, Jonas T. Treebak
Summary: Deletion of Nampt in AgRP neurons causes progressive neurodegeneration and impairs responses to fasting and ghrelin in a context-dependent manner.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Juan A. Estrada, Norio Hotta, Han-Kyul Kim, Rie Ishizawa, Ayumi Fukazawa, Gary A. Iwamoto, Scott A. Smith, Wanpen Vongpatanasin, Masaki Mizuno
Summary: Insulin not only regulates glucose and/or lipid metabolism but also modulates brain neural activity by inhibiting neuronal excitability. Blocking insulin receptors in the nucleus tractus solitarius can enhance the exercise pressor reflex, suggesting a regulatory role of insulin in this process.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Neil J. McMillan, Rogerio N. Soares, Jennifer L. Harper, Brian Shariffi, Alfonso Moreno-Cabanas, Timothy B. Curry, Camila Manrique-Acevedo, Jaume Padilla, Jacqueline K. Limberg
Summary: This study examines whether peripheral vasodilation induced by insulin contributes to increased muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) via arterial baroreflex-mediated mechanisms. The results show that insulin-induced peripheral vasodilation plays a role in the increase of MSNA during hyperinsulinemia.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Bahar Rostami, Ali Nasimi, Masoumeh Hatam
Summary: This study in anesthetized rats found that AngII does not provide tonic activity in the parvocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus (PVNp) under normal conditions. However, drugs microinjected into the PVNp attenuated the frequency component of baroreflex, and AngII attenuated the heart rate response of baroreflex through AT1 and AT2 receptors.
Review
Neurosciences
Jesse Viggiano, Dominic Coutinho, Maya N. Clark-Cutaia, Diana Martinez
Summary: High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Salt intake has been found to affect blood pressure dipping patterns, but the mechanisms are still unclear. This literature review summarizes the current evidence on high salt diet induced hypertension and explores the socioeconomic issues in the United States and abroad. The evidence suggests that a high salt diet is associated with a blunted blood pressure dipping pattern and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms within the central nervous system.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Zhigang Shi, Daniel S. Stornetta, Ruth L. Stornetta, Virginia L. Brooks
Summary: The study revealed that AngII acting through AT1aR in ArcN region triggers different sympathetic nerve activation responses in female and male rats, playing a crucial role in regulating arterial pressure and heart rate, with variations existing in different physiological states. The expression of AT1aR may indirectly mediate the regulatory effects of AngII on AP and SNA through local endogenous interneurons.
Article
Biology
Wenyu Ding, Changjiang Zhang, Baisong Wang, Xin Zhou, Le Sun, Suijuan Zhong, Jing Liu, Junjing Zhang, Xiaoqun Wang, Qian Wu
Summary: The study reveals the crucial roles of the centrosomal protein Cenpj in neurogenesis, cerebral cortex development, and body weight regulation. Deletion of Cenpj leads to obesity in mice and affects hypothalamic cell proliferation, neuron number, and function, providing insights into the pathological mechanisms of related diseases.
SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Fumiyasu Yamasaki, Takayuki Sato, Kyoko Sato, Andre Diedrich
Summary: This study proposes an analytical framework for identifying and characterizing the static operating point and open-loop gain of the sympathetic arterial baroreflex in humans. By analyzing the equilibrium diagram with mechanoneural and neuromechanical arcs, the study reveals the gain values under different body positions and the significant reduction in open-loop gain during graded tilt maneuvers. The effects of tilt maneuvers on the neuromechanical arc and open-loop gain are similar to those observed in previous animal studies on blood loss.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Meiling Sun, Xing-Feng Mao, Zheng-Mao Li, Zhi-Hui Zhu, Dong-Mei Gong, Lu Lu, Xiang Chen, Yu Zhang, Kohji Fukunaga, Yong Ji, Ai-Hua Gu, Ying-Mei Lu, Feng Han
Summary: Severe anorexia caused by cisplatin treatment is associated with abnormal neuronal oscillations and phase-amplitude coupling in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. Targeting endothelial peroxynitrite overproduction through neuronal caspase-1 activation may offer a potential therapeutic approach to alleviate chemotherapy-induced anorexia and weight loss.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jia Sun, Xinyuan Wang, Rui Sun, Xiaoao Xiao, Yu Wang, Yu Peng, Yuanqing Gao
Summary: The hypothalamus plays a critical role in metabolism and energy balance, and microglia, the immune cells in the brain, have been shown to influence neurodevelopment. This study investigated the role of microglia in the postnatal development of hypothalamic neural circuits and found that their depletion during a critical period increased the number and density of AgRP neurons, leading to increased neonatal feeding behavior. Mechanistically, microglia can engulf perineuronal net components, and their absence resulted in increased perineuronal net formation and enhanced leptin sensitivity in the hypothalamus.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Kirthikaa Balapattabi, Yavuz Yavuz, Jingwei Jiang, Guorui Deng, Natalia M. Mathieu, McKenzie L. Ritter, Megan A. Opichka, John J. Reho, John D. McCorvy, Pablo Nakagawa, Lisa L. Morselli, Gary C. Mouradian Jr, Deniz Atasoy, Huxing Cui, Matthew R. Hodges, Curt D. Sigmund, Justin L. Grobe
Summary: This study found that during obesity, the inhibitory effect of AT1A receptors on AgRP neurons is weakened, leading to metabolic adaptation, which may be a contributing factor to failed weight management.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Doaa M. Samy, Dalia Kamal Mostafa, Doaa A. Abdelmonsif, Cherine A. Ismail, Passainte S. Hassaan
Summary: The study reveals the complex role of chemerin in appetite regulation, with uncertainty surrounding its mechanism and relationship with histamine and AMPK. New findings suggest that neurobiochemical pathways play a crucial role in appetite and obesity regulation, highlighting the importance of further research on chemerin for clinical implications.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nimisha Nandankar, Ariel L. Negron, Andrew Wolfe, Jon E. Levine, Sally Radovick
Summary: This study demonstrates the critical role of ARC kisspeptin in regulating estrous cyclicity in female mice and GnRH/LH pulsatility in both sexes through a novel conditional knockout mouse model. Loss of ARC kisspeptin results in significant hypogonadism, impacting fertility status and normal gametogenesis. Normal puberty occurs despite the absence of ARC kisspeptin.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2021)