Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Narelle K. Hill, Bradley K. Woodworth, Stuart R. Phinn, Nicholas J. Murray, Richard A. Fuller
Summary: Tidal flats are globally important coastal ecosystems for biodiversity and ecosystem services, but are facing rapid losses due to human impacts. Protection of tidal flats in protected areas has made progress globally, but significant shortfalls exist, particularly in Asia. High human pressure on tidal flats highlights the need for deeper understanding of driving factors and effective policies for holistic coastal and catchment management strategies.
CONSERVATION BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Lusita Meilana, Qinhua Fang, Handoko Adi Susanto, Ririn Widiastutik, Dedy Eka Syaputra, Harrison Odion Ikhumhen, Rusdatus Sholihah, Amehr Hakim, Suzhen Yang, Zhenghua Liu
Summary: According to the CBD post-2020 global biodiversity framework, marine conservation activities solely focused on area coverage are insufficient. This study assessed the current state of Indonesian MPAs in meeting the Aichi targets through quantitative and qualitative research. The findings showed that although Indonesian MPAs met the national target of 10% coverage, they are expected to fall short of the new 30% worldwide target by 2030. Additionally, none of the sites were sustainably managed, primarily due to a lack of funding for infrastructure, facilities, and human resources.
BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Payal Shah, Kathy Baylis, Jonah Busch, Jens Engelmann
Summary: Over 15% of global terrestrial area is protected, with a goal to increase coverage to 30% by 2030. Evaluation of national PA networks established between 2000 and 2012 shows they reduced deforestation by 72%, with strictly protected PAs performing better. Lower agricultural activity, higher economic growth, and better governance are factors most strongly associated with greater country-level PA effectiveness.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Chi-Yeung Choi, Xu Shi, Jianbin Shi, Xiaojing Gan, Chujun Wen, Jiawei Zhang, Micha V. Jackson, Richard A. Fuller, Luke Gibson
Summary: Designating protected areas is crucial for biodiversity conservation, with China's new Ecological Conservation Redline policy offering innovative solutions to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem services in critical areas. By considering the redline policy as an Other Effective Area-Based Conservation Measure (OECM), there is potential to expand the coverage of protected areas and conserve biodiversity outside of designated areas globally.
CONSERVATION LETTERS
(2022)
Review
Biodiversity Conservation
Stephanie Hernandez, Claudia Benham, Rachel L. Miller, Marcus Sheaves, Stephanie Duce
Summary: Protected areas are crucial for biodiversity persistence, with strategic policy objectives influencing outcomes. Despite Australia actively establishing protected areas, extinction rates remain high. The representation of ecosystem and species types is a prevalent theme in policy documents, suggesting a need for emphasis on urgency and clear funding for socio-ecological outcomes.
CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Walter Cano Cardona, Wil de Jong, Benno Pokorny
Summary: Biological diversity is crucial for the well-being and survival of present and future generations. Protected areas are essential for achieving biodiversity conservation. The Amazon region has designated a significant amount of protected forest areas, but many mechanisms have shortcomings, and local governance is threatened by national policies.
FRONTIERS IN FORESTS AND GLOBAL CHANGE
(2022)
Article
Biology
Arash Ghoddousi, Jacqueline Loos, Tobias Kuemmerle
Summary: The study recommends using the term "effectiveness" solely for assessing outcomes of protected areas and proposes a multidimensional conceptual framework to evaluate effectiveness along ecological, social, and social-ecological dimensions. By evaluating effectiveness indicators against contextual and management elements, comparability across protected areas can be improved to ensure they make real contributions towards conservation and sustainability goals.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhuoli Guan, Moses Elleason, Eben Goodale, Christos Mammides
Summary: Protected areas are important conservation strategies, but biodiversity loss continues within them. Human settlement levels within PAs are influenced most by accessibility to major cities, with factors like cropland area, elevation and slope also playing a role. Management strategies that involve local communities are crucial for achieving global biodiversity targets.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Rachel Palfrey, Johan A. Oldekop, George Holmes
Summary: Private protected areas make significant contributions to biodiversity conservation and connectivity of protected area networks, but they are currently underrecognized and lack sufficient resources.
NATURE ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Vishesh L. Diengdoh, Stefania Ondei, Rahil J. Amin, Mark Hunt, Barry W. Brook
Summary: Functional connectivity between protected areas in Australia, important for butterfly species, is predicted to decrease in future scenarios of land use, land cover, and climate change. Changes are expected to occur along the edges of species' current distribution. Results can be used for comparisons with other studies and to identify priority areas for conservation.
BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anton Konev, Alexander Shelupanov, Mikhail Kataev, Valeriya Ageeva, Alina Nabieva
Summary: This review explores various literature on confidentiality- and integrity-aware system design methodologies and threat classification methods, and identifies the shortcomings of existing methodologies. The existing methodologies only superficially cover the description of system models and threats, and it is necessary to develop a more complete abstract model to adapt to various organizations and protect against most threats.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Michael R. Appleton, Alexandre Courtiol, Lucy Emerton, James L. Slade, Andrew Tilker, Lauren C. Warr, Monica Alvarez Malvido, James R. Barborak, Louise de Bruin, Rosalie Chapple, Jennifer C. Daltry, Nina P. Hadley, Christopher A. Jordan, Francois Rousset, Rohit Singh, Eleanor J. Sterling, Erin G. Wessling, Barney Long
Summary: The 2020 global spatial targets for protected areas set by the Convention on Biological Diversity have almost been achieved, but management effectiveness remains deficient. Personnel shortages are widely cited as major contributing factors but have not previously been quantified. Expansion of protected areas to 30% coverage by 2030 will require a significant increase in personnel, including rangers or equivalents, for effective management.
NATURE SUSTAINABILITY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dominic A. Andradi-Brown, Laura Veverka, Nicole L. Amkieltiela, Nicole E. Crane, David Estradivari, Helen Fox, David Gill, Jordan C. Goetze, Charlotte E. Gough, Nils L. Krueck, Sarah Lester, Shauna Mahajan, John N. Rulmal Jr, Marianne Teoh, Gabby Ahmadia
Summary: Globally, marine protected areas (MPAs) have shifted their focus from solely maintaining ecosystems to addressing the needs of people and nature. This has resulted in diverse MPAs with different fisheries restrictions, sparking a debate on the types of restrictions that contribute to biodiversity goals.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sacha M. O'Regan, Stephanie K. Archer, Sarah K. Friesen, Karen L. Hunter
Summary: The effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) is increasingly challenged by climate change. While experts have identified clear climate change adaptation principles for MPA management, the adoption of these principles remains largely unquantified. A study analyzing 647 English-language MPA management plans found that climate change is inadequately considered in most plans, with the United States showing better performance in this aspect compared to Canada. Climate change robustness scores have generally improved over time in Oceania, the United Kingdom, and the United States, but have declined in Canada.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biology
Juliano A. Bogoni, Valeria Boron, Carlos A. Peres, Maria Eduarda M. S. Coelho, Ronaldo G. Morato, Marcelo Oliveira-da-Costa
Summary: The most-at-risk habitats for jaguars in the Brazilian Amazon are facing destruction due to deforestation and agriculture. Socio-environmental variables were analyzed to identify protected areas that require immediate efforts for jaguar conservation, and a shortlist of top-priority areas were determined based on the highest threats and jaguar population sizes.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Seth D. Baum, Vanessa M. Adams
Summary: This paper relates the COVID-19 pandemic to the concept of pandemic refuges, proving through case studies that jurisdictions other than island nations can successfully function as refuges, providing important insights for future pandemics.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Stephen G. Kearney, James E. M. Watson, April E. Reside, Diana O. Fisher, Martine Maron, Tim S. Doherty, Sarah M. Legge, John C. Z. Woinarski, Stephen T. Garnett, Brendan A. Wintle, Euan G. Ritchie, Don A. Driscoll, David Lindenmayer, Vanessa M. Adams, Michelle S. Ward, Josie Carwardine
Summary: Earth's extinction crisis is worsening and threat classification schemes are crucial for assessing the drivers and threats causing species declines. However, there is a lack of a complementary framework for evaluating the conservation responses needed to reduce these threats. In this study, an expert-driven threat-abatement framework was developed and applied to 1532 threatened species in Australia, highlighting the importance of retaining and restoring habitat, controlling invasive species and diseases, and improving fire management for species recovery. Integrated management responses are necessary for the survival and recovery of most species.
BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Nicole Shumway, Megan Saunders, Sam Nicol, Richard A. Fuller, Noam Ben-Moshe, Takuya Iwamura, Sun W. Kim, Nicholas J. Murray, James E. M. Watson, Martine Maron
Summary: Biodiversity offsets aim to counterbalance the impacts of development on species and ecosystems. The effectiveness of spatially flexible offsets, located further from the impact area, in achieving no net loss or better ecological outcomes compared to local offsets is uncertain. In the case study of migratory shorebirds, there were insufficient data to draw robust conclusions about the effectiveness and equivalence of distant habitat-based offsets. The potential benefits of spatially flexible offsets need to be evaluated against the increased risks to ensure effective offset placement.
CONSERVATION BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Ecology
William J. Sutherland, Craig Bennett, Peter N. M. Brotherton, Holly M. Butterworth, Mick N. Clout, Isabelle M. Cote, Jason Dinsdale, Nafeesa Esmail, Erica Fleishman, Kevin J. Gaston, James E. Herbert-Read, Alice Hughes, Hermanni Kaartokallio, Xavier Le Roux, Fiona A. Lickorish, Wendy Matcham, Noor Noor, James E. Palardy, James W. Pearce-Higgins, Lloyd S. Peck, Nathalie Pettorelli, Jules Pretty, Richard Scobey, Mark D. Spalding, Femke H. Tonneijck, Nicolas Tubbs, James E. M. Watson, Jonathan E. Wentworth, Jeremy D. Wilson, Ann Thornton
Summary: We present the results of our 14th horizon scan, identifying 15 urgent issues for global societies to address in biological conservation. These issues involve novel challenges or significant positive/negative changes at global or regional scales. Submerged artificial light fisheries and accelerating ocean currents have the potential to negatively impact marine ecosystems, while technological advances in energy production and biodegradable materials could benefit biological diversity if effectively managed.
TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Natalie A. Rossiter-Rachor, Vanessa M. Adams, Caroline A. Canham, Dan J. Dixon, Thorsteinn N. Cameron, Samantha A. Setterfield
Summary: Globally, invasive grasses pose a major threat to protected areas, including Litchfield National Park in northern Australia. A case study of the spread and management of the invasive grass Andropogon gayanus (gamba grass) in Litchfield National Park showed an increase in infestation area and highlighted the need for active management to prevent further spread. Modelling scenarios demonstrated the potential costs and benefits of eradicating the grass within specific zones.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Da-Li Lin, Chih-Yi Tsai, Scott Pursner, Jung Chao, Allen Lyu, Tatsuya Amano, Martine Maron, Ruey-Shing Lin, Kun-Hai Lin, Kung-Kuo Chiang, Yung-Lun Lin, Li-Chung Lu, An-Yu Chang, Wan-Jyun Chen, Richard A. Fuller
Summary: Although some countries along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway have begun reporting population trends and identifying threats to migratory waterbirds, there is still limited systematic waterbird monitoring, hindering our understanding of the overall status of waterbird populations in the flyway. To address this, data from a citizen science project in Taiwan were used to examine recent population trends of 31 migratory waterbird species. The results showed varying trends among regions and identified the impacts of local land use and habitat loss in the Yellow Sea on the decline of migratory waterbirds in Taiwanese wetlands.
GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Chantelle M. Derez, Richard A. Fuller
Summary: Although thousands of reptiles are relocated annually in Australia, there has been a lack of research on how the reptile relocation industry operates. An online questionnaire was distributed to gather information from operators who had relocated reptiles, and the results showed that there is a need for changes within the industry, including increased training and professionalism. The study also highlighted concerns about the impacts of the industry on wildlife.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Eduardo Gallo-Cajiao, Nives Dolsak, Aseem Prakash, Taej Mundkur, Paul G. Harris, Ronald B. Mitchell, Nick Davidson, Birgita Hansen, Bradley K. Woodworth, Richard A. Fuller, Melissa Price, Nicky Petkov, Volker Mauerhofer, Tiffany H. Morrison, James E. M. Watson, Sayam U. Chowdhury, Christoph Zoeckler, Oscar Widerberg, Ding Li Yong, Daniel Klich, Vitaliy Smagol, John Piccolo, Duan Biggs
Summary: Maintaining peace and conserving biodiversity rely on international cooperation, but Russia's invasion of Ukraine has put recent progress at a crossroads. This invasion threatens the governance system for biodiversity conservation within and beyond Russia due to isolation from the international system, halt of cooperation, and changes in policy priorities. We recommend enhancing the resilience and adaptability of the existing international governance system for biodiversity conservation, while aligning security agendas with conservation goals.
FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Shawan Chowdhury, Richard A. Fuller, Sultan Ahmed, Shofiul Alam, Corey T. Callaghan, Priyanka Das, Ricardo A. Correia, Moreno Di Marco, Enrico Di Minin, Ivan Jaric, Mahzabin Muzahid Labi, Richard J. Ladle, Md. Rokonuzzaman, Uri Roll, Valerio Sbragaglia, Asma Siddika, Aletta Bonn
Summary: This study examines the importance of social media records in conservation decision-making, using Bangladesh as a case study. The results show that adding Facebook data to GBIF data improves the accuracy of conservation planning assessments and expands the scope of priority conservation areas.
CONSERVATION BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kaylan M. Kemink, Robert L. Pressey, Vanessa M. Adams, Sarah K. Olimb, Aidan M. Healey, Boyan Liu, Todd Frerichs, Randy Renner
Summary: Area-based targets for nature protection are commonly used, but they may not effectively measure the success of conservation interventions. Most impact evaluations focus on the effect of protected areas on deforestation, while evaluations on dynamic systems or different outcomes are less common due to data availability. Simulations offer a valuable tool to estimate the potential impact of conservation programs, as shown by a simulation of wetland drainage in North Dakota, South Dakota, and Montana. The results suggest a low programmatic impact, but the long-term governance of the program holds promise for cumulative conservation impact if future wetland drainage occurs.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Correction
Ecology
Shawan Chowdhury, Michael D. Jennions, Myron P. Zalucki, Martine Maron, James E. M. Watson, Richard A. Fuller
TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Camilo Ordonez, Caragh G. Threlfall, Dave Kendal, Jess Baumann, Cherese Sonkkila, Dieter F. Hochuli, Rodney van der Ree, Richard A. Fuller, Melanie Davern, Kelly Herzog, Alex English, Stephen J. Livesley
Summary: This study experimentally quantifies the benefits of urban trees on humans and wildlife by taking advantage of scheduled tree removals. The results demonstrate that the removal of trees in urban parks led to a decrease in bird and possum abundance, an increase in invertebrate predation, and a decrease in people's perception of the importance of trees.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiaolin Zhang, Xiaobin Jin, Richard A. Fuller, Xinyuan Liang, Yeting Fan, Yinkang Zhou
Summary: This study utilizes modern portfolio theory to optimize land management practices and enhance ecosystem services. By balancing different types of ecosystem services, it is possible to simultaneously increase agricultural production service and nature-related ecosystem services. However, there is a trade-off between gaining certain ecosystem service benefits and creating risks for other services.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Camilo Ordonez Barona, Cherese Sonkkila, Jessica M. Baumann, Caragh G. Threlfall, Dieter F. Hochuli, Richard A. Fuller, Melanie Davern, Stephen J. Livesley
Summary: Urban nature management should consider the needs of diverse cultural communities and understand different cultural identities' perceptions of urban nature. This study found that non-Australian-born individuals valued treed sites and trees more, while those who spoke a language other than English rated them lower. Additionally, non-English speakers and some language minority respondents associated psychological themes with treed sites more than other respondents. These differences can be attributed to other factors such as nature relatedness, knowledge of trees, exposure to trees, demographics, and site type.
ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY
(2023)
Review
Biodiversity Conservation
Samantha E. Andres, Rachel J. Standish, Paige E. Lieurance, Charlotte H. Mills, Richard J. Harper, Don W. Butler, Vanessa M. Adams, Caroline Lehmann, Sasha G. Tetu, Peter Cuneo, Catherine A. Offord, Rachael V. Gallagher
Summary: Reforestation for carbon sequestration is gaining attention as a climate change mitigation policy, but there are differences in the definition and application of biodiversity. Stakeholders in reforestation projects often have a vague understanding of diversity, resulting in inadequate levels of restored biodiversity to support functional ecosystems and desired ecosystem services. Integrating biodiversity objectives and setting specific restoration goals with transparent reporting outcomes are important for meaningful outcomes for biodiversity and incentivizing payments.
PLANTS PEOPLE PLANET
(2023)