Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Niloofar Piri, Henry J. Kaplan
Summary: AMD is a progressive degenerative disease that severely affects central vision in people over age 50, impacting their ability to read, write, drive, and recognize faces. The disease is complex and multifactorial, involving age, genetics, and environmental factors. The role of complement system in the development of AMD is reviewed. Understanding the pathophysiology of AMD and its risk factors is crucial for drug discovery.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Prem N. Patel, Parth A. Patel, Matthew R. Land, Ibrahim Bakerkhatib-Taha, Harris Ahmed, Veeral Sheth
Summary: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common cause of vision loss in elderly individuals. The pathophysiology of dry AMD is associated with key proteins in the complement cascade, providing potential therapeutic targets. Early intervention may prevent disease progression.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jonathan B. Lin, Stylianos Serghiou, Joan W. Miller, Demetrios G. Vavvas
Summary: Complement dysregulation is observed in early/intermediate nonexudative AMD, but not in patients with geographic atrophy. These findings provide insights into the mechanism of AMD and inform future clinical trials.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Eleonora Corbelli, Riccardo Sacconi, Marco Battista, Daniela Bacherini, Alexandra Miere, Enrico Borrelli, Eliana Costanzo, Giovanna Vella, Mariacristina Parravano, Lucia Ziccardi, Andrea Sodi, Stanislao Rizzo, Eric H. Souied, Francesco Bandello, Giuseppe Querques
Summary: This study compared macular atrophy (MA) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Stargardt disease (STGD) using the choroidal vascularity index (CVI). The results showed that choroidal thickness was lower in AMD patients compared to STGD patients, while total choroidal area was greater in STGD patients compared to AMD patients. Interestingly, CVI was significantly lower in AMD patients compared to STGD patients, and this difference was confirmed in the subgroup of patients over 50 years old.
GRAEFES ARCHIVE FOR CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
John T. Demirs, Junzheng Yang, Maura A. Crowley, Michael Twarog, Omar Delgado, Yubin Qiu, Stephen Poor, Dennis S. Rice, Thaddeus P. Dryja, Karen Anderson, Sha-Mei Liao
Summary: The dysregulation of the alternative complement pathway is a major pathogenic mechanism in age-related macular degeneration. Complement mRNA and protein expression levels were found to be significantly higher in macular retinal pigment epithelium/choroid tissue than in the neural retina, regardless of AMD grade status. The study suggests that the RPE/choroid is the primary site for complement inhibition to treat geographic atrophy or earlier stages of the disease.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ana Rita Fernandes, Aleksandra Zielinska, Elena Sanchez-Lopez, Tiago dos Santos, Maria Luisa Garcia, Amelia M. Silva, Jacek Karczewski, Eliana B. Souto
Summary: This review discusses the latest developments in treatment options for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), including pharmacologic therapies and laser treatments for exudative AMD. However, there are still no successful treatments for nonexudative AMD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Pierre-Henry Gabrielle, Marie-Noelle Delyfer, Agnes Glacet-Bernard, Jean Baptiste Conart, Joel Uzzan, Laurent Kodjikian, Carl Arndt, Ramin Tadayoni, Agnes Soudry-Faure, Catherine P. Creuzot Garcher
Summary: This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of surgical pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and pneumatic displacement (PD) in the management of submacular hemorrhage (SMH). The results showed that surgery did not yield superior visual gain compared to PD at 3 months, with intravitreal anti-VEGF added to each arm. However, both treatment strategies led to a clinical improvement of visual acuity without safety concerns for SMH over 6 months.
Article
Ophthalmology
Cheryl N. Fonteh, Alan G. Palestine, Brandie D. Wagner, Jennifer L. Patnaik, Marc T. Mathias, Niranjan Manoharan, Naresh Mandava, Rebecca Baldermann, Talisa De Carlo, Anne M. Lynch
Summary: A study found lower levels of RANTES in patients with GA AMD compared to controls. However, there was no statistical difference between male and female GA patients when moderated by sex.
TRANSLATIONAL VISION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Sanjeeb Bhandari, Susan Vitale, Elvira Agron, Traci E. Clemons, Emily Y. Chew
Summary: A prospective cohort study within the AREDS2 trial evaluated the risk of late AMD development after cataract surgery, and found that cataract surgery did not increase the risk of late AMD among participants with up to 10 years of follow-up.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Rajendra S. Apte
Summary: Age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of vision loss in older persons in industrialized nations. Micronutrient supplementation and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor pharmacotherapy can reduce the risk of progression. Baseline examination by eye care providers and ancillary testing are essential for diagnosis and treatment.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Robyn H. Guymer, Thomas G. Campbell
Summary: Age-related macular degeneration is becoming increasingly important due to aging populations and increased longevity. It affects individuals older than 55 years and threatens high-acuity central vision needed for important tasks. Advances in retinal imaging have identified biomarkers of progression. New treatments for neovascular AMD offer potentially longer-lasting effects, but a treatment for atrophic late-stage AMD is still being developed. An effective intervention for early-stage disease or prevention of late-stage AMD has not been found yet, and our understanding of underlying mechanisms continues to evolve.
Article
Ophthalmology
Charles C. Wykoff, Philip J. Rosenfeld, Nadia K. Waheed, Rishi P. Singh, Nick Ronca, Jason S. Slakter, Giovanni Staurenghi, Jordi Mones, Caroline R. Baumal, Namrata Saroj, Ravi Metlapally, Ramiro Ribeiro
Summary: The study evaluated clinical characteristics of eyes with new-onset exudative age-related macular degeneration (eAMD) during the FILLY trial. Researchers found that the development of eAMD was associated with baseline eAMD in the contralateral eye and the presence of double-layer sign (DLS) in the study eye. The use of intravitreal pegcetacoplan slowed the rate of GA growth but also led to an increased incidence of eAMD, which did not impact visual acuity and responded well to anti-VEGF therapy.
Review
Ophthalmology
Raziyeh Mahmoudzadeh, John W. Hinkle, Jason Hsu, Sunir J. Garg
Summary: The review outlines therapeutic research programs for geographic atrophy (GA) due to age-related macular degeneration (AMD), with a focus on clinical trial data from phase I, II, and III studies. Despite the lack of current treatments for GA, there are promising new therapies being developed that aim to delay or potentially reverse the damage caused by the disease.
CURRENT OPINION IN OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Clement K. Chan, Wesley T. Beaulieu, Brandon J. Lujan, Maziar Lalezary, Daniella Lent-Schochet, Therlinder Lo, Glenn Yiu
Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of prophylactic ranibizumab injections on drusen volume, macular thinning, and GA progression in eyes with intermediate AMD. The results showed that prophylactic ranibizumab did not appear to affect these parameters. Additionally, there was no difference in the conversion rate to neovascular AMD between the PR and sham injection groups.
TRANSLATIONAL VISION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Savalan Babapoor- Farrokhran, Yu Qin, Miguel Flores- Bellver, Yueqi Niu, Imran A. Bhutto, Silvia Aparicio- Domingo, Chuanyu Guo, Murilo Rodrigues, Timothy Domashevich, Monika Deshpande, Haley Megarity, Rakesh Chopde, Charles G. Eberhart, Valeria Canto- Soler, Silvia Montaner, Akrit Sodhi
Summary: This study provides evidence that oxidative stress and hypoxia synergistically stimulate the accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor in the retinal pigment epithelium, leading to the development of choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration patients. Adequate hypoxia-inducible factor expression is crucial for the protection of photoreceptors.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Glenn J. Jaffe, Steffen Schmitz-Valckenberg, David Boyer, Jeffrey Heier, Ute Wolf-Schnurrbusch, Giovanni Staurenghi, Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth, Frank G. Holz
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2015)
Article
Ophthalmology
W. Lloyd Clark, David S. Boyer, Jeffrey S. Heier, David M. Brown, Julia A. Haller, Robert Vitti, Husain Kazmi, Alyson J. Berliner, Kristine Erickson, Karen W. Chu, Yuhwen Soo, Yenchieh Cheng, Peter A. Campochiaro
Review
Ophthalmology
David R. Lally, Chirag P. Shah, Jeffrey S. Heier
SURVEY OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2016)
Article
Ophthalmology
Roger A. Goldberg, Chirag P. Shah, Torsten W. Wiegand, Jeffrey S. Heier
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2014)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Emily Y. Chew, Traci E. Clemons, Susan B. Bressler, Michael J. Elman, Ronald P. Danis, Amitha Domalpally, Jeffrey S. Heier, Judy E. Kim, Richard A. Garfinkel
CONTEMPORARY CLINICAL TRIALS
(2014)
Article
Ophthalmology
Jeffrey S. Heier, Charles C. Wykoff, Nadia K. Waheed, John W. Kitchens, Sunil S. Patel, Robert Vitti, Lorah Perlee, Karen W. Chu, Sergio Leal, Friedrich Asmus, Vladimir Son, Thomas Schmelter, David M. Brown
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Allen C. Ho, Jeffrey S. Heier, Nancy M. Holekamp, Richard A. Garfinkel, Byron Ladd, Carl C. Awh, Rishi P. Singh, George E. Sanborn, Jennifer H. Jacobs, Michael J. Elman, Anat Loewenstein, David A. Eichenbaum
Summary: The study evaluated the real-world performance of a home telemonitoring strategy for patients with iAMD who converted to nAMD and found it to be similar to the device arm of the AREDS2-HOME study. The results showed that the home telemonitoring system can significantly increase early detection of conversion to nAMD, leading to better visual outcomes for patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
M. L. Hibert, Y. Chen, N. Ohringer, W. J. Feuer, N. K. Waheed, J. S. Heier, M. W. Calhoun, P. J. Rosenfeld, J. R. Polimeni
Summary: Using ultra-high-field MR imaging at 7T, it was found that patients with age-related macular degeneration have smaller ophthalmic artery diameter, decreased volumetric flow, and increased blood flow velocity, which are associated with disease severity.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Arshad M. Khanani, David M. Brown, Glenn J. Jaffe, Charles C. Wykoff, Eser Adiguzel, Randall Wong, Xiangyi Meng, Jeffrey S. Heier
Summary: The 52-week efficacy and safety of brolucizumab and aflibercept in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) were compared. The study showed that brolucizumab was noninferior to aflibercept in terms of visual acuity improvement and reduction of retinal fluid, but had a higher incidence of intraocular inflammation.
Letter
Clinical Neurology
M. L. Hibert, Y. I. Chen, N. Ohringer, L. R. Wilbur, N. K. Waheed, J. S. Heier, M. W. Calhoun, P. J. Rosenfeld, J. R. Polimeni
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Peter K. Kaiser, Andrea Giani, Holger Fuchs, Victor Chong, Jeffery S. Heier
Summary: Intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF agents for wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD) have limitations. This article reviews strategies to prolong drug action and reduce dosing frequency, such as increasing drug size, modifying the fragment crystallizable portion, and exploring different drug delivery routes. More effective and longer-lasting treatments are needed for wAMD, and several strategies are being investigated.
OPHTHALMIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Jeffrey S. Heier, Dante Pieramici, Usha Chakravarthy, Sunil S. Patel, Sunil Gupta, Andrew Lotery, Eleonora M. Lad, David Silverman, Erin C. Henry, Majid Anderesi, Elizabeth A. Tschosik, Sarah Gray, Daniela Ferrara, Robyn Guymer
OPHTHALMOLOGY RETINA
(2020)
Article
Ophthalmology
Nicolas Feltgen, Yuichiro Ogura, Francesco Boscia, Frank G. Holz, Jean-Francois Korobelnik, David M. Brown, Jeffrey S. Heier, Brigitte Stemper, Kay D. Rittenhouse, Friedrich Asmus, Christiane Ahlers, Robert Vitti, Namrata Saroj, Paul Mitchell
OPHTHALMOLOGY RETINA
(2019)
Article
Ophthalmology
Arshad M. Khanani, Jay S. Duker, Jeffrey S. Heier, Peter K. Kaiser, Brian C. Joondeph, Petra Kozma, Daniel F. Rosberger, Mathew MacCumber, David S. Boyer, Dante J. Pieramici
OPHTHALMOLOGY RETINA
(2019)