Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wenyi Qin, Ann Jeffers, Shuzi Owens, Prashant Chauhan, Satoshi Komatsu, Guoqing Qian, Xia Guo, Mitsuo Ikebe, Steven Idell, Torry A. Tucker
Summary: Research has shown that NOX1 and NOX4 are critical determinants of MesoMT, and downregulation of NOX1 and NOX4 play important roles in blocking THB- and Xa-mediated MesoMT.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stefania Olla, Chiara Siguri, Antonella Fais, Benedetta Era, Massimo Claudio Fantini, Amalia Di Petrillo
Summary: This study investigates the mechanisms underlying the antioxidant properties of quercetin and its ability to target endogenous oxidant enzymes. The results demonstrate that quercetin acts as a free radical scavenger by donating electrons and effectively inhibits the activity of various oxidative enzymes by binding to them with high affinity. Molecular docking and subsequent molecular dynamics confirm the binding of quercetin to these enzymes, with different stability phases observed depending on the enzyme bound. The findings suggest that quercetin has potential as a natural therapy for diseases related to oxidative stress.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yu-jie Xing, Biao-hu Liu, Shu-jun Wan, Yi Cheng, Si-min Zhou, Yue Sun, Xin-ming Yao, Qiang Hua, Xiang-jian Meng, Jin-han Cheng, Min Zhong, Yan Zhang, Kun Lv, Xiang Kong
Summary: Dap protects cardiac myocytes from damage caused by hyperglycemia by suppressing NADPH oxidase-mediated oxidative stress, improving cardiac dysfunction and reducing myocardial fibrosis and apoptosis levels.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sheng-Qing Gao, Jia-Jun Shi, Shu-Hao Miao, Tao Li, Chao-Chao Gao, Yan-Ling Han, Jia-Yin Qiu, Yun-Song Zhuang, Meng-Liang Zhou
Summary: This study investigated the contribution of the interaction between endothelial NOX4 and DHFR to eNOS uncoupling after SAH. Inhibiting endothelial NOX4 and increasing endothelial DHFR levels alleviated eNOS uncoupling and improved neurological function after SAH.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yanqiu Yang, Tingyu Hao, Xiaohu Yao, Yue Che, Yueyang Liu, Mingxia Fang, Yingjie Wang, Di Zhou, Huifang Chai, Ning Li, Yue Hou
Summary: Crebanine demonstrates neuroprotective effects in ischemic stroke by reducing brain damage and inhibiting oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.
Article
Pediatrics
Irum Gul, Taj Ali Khan, Noor ul Akbar, Naila Gul, Rehman Ali, Shahid Niaz Khan
Summary: This study characterized the functional and genetic mutations in X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Impaired H2O2 production and abnormal gp91(phox) expression were observed in neutrophils of certain patients. Specific mutations in the CYBB gene were identified through DNA sequencing. This study contributes to the understanding of clinical and genetic spectrum associated with X-linked CGD and emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and lifelong prophylaxis.
ITALIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Jie Zhang, Zengchen Liu, Fengshou Tian, Yahong Chen
Summary: A fluorescent compound derived from coumarin and hemicyanine was synthesized and characterized in this paper, showing higher ratiometric fluorescence response activity toward NAD(P)H compared to other commonly coexisting compounds in the cell microenvironment. The fluorescence identification mechanism was deduced to be a redox reaction between the sensor and NAD(P)H. This ratiometric fluorescent probe provides a theoretical basis for sensing NAD(P)H in vitro and in vivo, and was used to build a sensitive detection platform of NAD(P)H-dependent enzyme activity based on the fluorescence method.
ANALYTICAL METHODS
(2021)
Article
Hematology
Jessica Venugopal, Jintao Wang, Chiao Guo, Daniel T. Eitzman
Summary: Pharmacological IL-1R antagonism improves anaemia in a murine SCD model. IL-1 beta stimulation of platelets promotes erythrocyte sickling, possibly mediated by platelet-derived TGF-beta-induced reactive oxygen species generation through erythrocyte NADPH oxidase.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yongwoo Jang, Taegyu Park, Eunyoung Kim, Jong Woo Park, Dong Yeop Lee, Seon Jeong Kim
Summary: By utilizing the cellular redox system, a CNT yarn supercapacitor with maximum area capacitance was developed and demonstrated excellent performance under physiological conditions. Implanted NAD/BQ/CNT yarn electrodes in a rat's abdominal cavity showed stable in vivo electrical performance of a supercapacitor. These findings suggest a promising platform for implantable energy storage devices using redox biomolecules.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Vidhya R. Rao, Evan B. Stubbs
Summary: TGF-beta 2 promotes oxidative stress in primary human TM cells by selectively increasing expression of NADPH oxidase 4. Dysregulation of redox equilibrium by induction of NADPH oxidase 4 expression appears to be a key early event involved in the pathologic profibrotic responses elicited by TGF-beta 2 canonical signaling, including ECM remodeling, filamentous actin stress fiber formation, and alpha SMA expression.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kunihiro Sonoda, Yuka Kono, Kazuya Kitamori, Kazuo Ohtake, Sachiko Shiba, Keizo Kasono, Jun Kobayashi
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of dietary nitrite on a rat NASH model and found that nitrite can suppress liver fibrosis by reducing oxidative stress, lower blood pressure in hypertensive NASH rats, and suppress left ventricular chamber enlargement. Similar therapeutic effects were observed with captopril, suggesting a common signaling pathway for nitrite and captopril in improving NASH pathology.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Andrea Benzi, Alessia Grozio, Sonia Spinelli, Laura Sturla, Andreas H. Guse, Antonio De Flora, Elena Zocchi, Joerg Heeren, Santina Bruzzone
Summary: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) plays a critical role in energy metabolism regulation as both a coenzyme and substrate for various enzymes. CD38, as an enzyme synthesizing Ca2+-mobilizing second messenger and a major NAD(+)-consumer, can impact NAD(+) levels. This review explores recent studies on the modulation of CD38 expression and activity, and the resulting changes in NAD(P)(H) levels in adipose tissue.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cuiting Liao, Li Zhang, Rong Jiang, Juanjuan Xu, Jiarui Tang, Kai Hu, Shifang Jiang, Longhui Li, Yongqiang Yang, Jiayi Huang, Li Tang, Longjiang Li
Summary: The expression of NADK is positively correlated with APAP-induced acute liver injury, and inhibition of NADK can alleviate liver injury by increasing hepatic NAD(+) level and improving antioxidant capacity.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Mariajose Metcalfe, Brian T. David, Brett C. Langley, Caitlin E. Hill
Summary: Spinal cord injury leads to tissue damage and functional deficits. Administering NR can increase NAD+ levels in the injured spinal cord, protect tissue, and improve motor function.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Erica R. Gansemer, D. Thomas Rutkowski
Summary: The oxidation and reduction of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the oxidation of nutrients in the cytosol and mitochondria may compete for electron acceptors. NADPH plays a central role in both processes and may serve as a mediator linking metabolic activity to ER function and stress.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Hematology
Francesco Barilla, Vittoria Cammisotto, Simona Bartimoccia, Lorenzo Loffredo, Cristina Nocella, Noemi Bruno, Concetta Torromeo, Paolo Rosa, Nicola Viceconte, Pasquale Pignatelli, Carlo Gaudio, Roberto Carnevale, Francesco Violi
Summary: This study provides evidence that platelet toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is activated in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and suggests circulating lipopolysaccharides (LPS) as a potential trigger.
THROMBOSIS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Simona Bartimoccia, Vittoria Cammisotto, Cristina Nocella, Maria Del Ben, Alessandra D'Amico, Valentina Castellani, Francesco Baratta, Pasquale Pignatelli, Lorenzo Loffredo, Francesco Violi, Roberto Carnevale
Summary: The study found that extra virgin olive oil can improve postprandial glycemia by reducing low-grade endotoxemia derived from gut permeability. These results demonstrate the importance of using extra virgin olive oil for blood sugar control.
Article
Ophthalmology
Edoardo Trovato Battagliola, Pietro Mangiantini, Mattia D'Andrea, Mariaelena Malvasi, Lorenzo Loffredo, Sergio Zaccaria Scalinci, Anna Maria Comberiati, Raffaele Migliorini, Elena Pacella
Summary: This retrospective study shows a significant increase in myopia prevalence among Italian children aged 5-12 following the COVID-19 lockdown, accompanied by a significant decrease in hyperopia prevalence. The lifestyle changes caused by the lockdown, such as increased near-work activities and digital device use and decreased outdoor time, are known risk factors for the development and progression of myopia. Further studies in different countries are encouraged.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Roberto Carnevale, Vittoria Cammisotto, Simona Bartimoccia, Cristina Nocella, Valentina Castellani, Marianna Bufano, Lorenzo Loffredo, Sebastiano Sciarretta, Giacomo Frati, Antonio Coluccia, Romano Silvestri, Giancarlo Ceccarelli, Alessandra Oliva, Mario Venditti, Francesco Pugliese, Claudio Maria Mastroianni, Ombretta Turriziani, Martina Leopizzi, Giulia D'Amati, Pasquale Pignatelli, Francesco Violi
Summary: This study identified two pathways, TLR4-dependent and independent, that promote platelet-dependent thrombus growth. It suggests that inhibiting TLR4 or p47phox could be a strategy to counteract thrombosis in SARS-CoV-2.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lorenzo Loffredo, Pasquale Pignatelli, Matteo Pirro, Giancarlo Ceccarelli, Alessandra Oliva, Enrico Maggio, Francesca Cancelli, Damiano D'Ardes, Maria Amitrano, Anna Maria Zicari, Bianca Laura Cinicola, Gloria Taliani, Roberto Cangemi, Miriam Lichtner, Marco Falcone, Federica Orlando, Francesco Pugliese, Mario Venditti, Claudio Maria Mastroianni, Francesco Violi
Summary: The P/F ratio is associated with thrombotic events in COVID-19 patients. A low P/F ratio is associated with thrombocytosis, which may lead to clot formation. This study suggests that the P/F ratio is closely related to thrombotic events in patients with COVID-19.
INTERNAL AND EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Gerald Chi, Francesco Violi, Pasquale Pignatelli, Annarita Vestri, Alessandra Spagnoli, Lorenzo Loffredo, Adrian F. Hernandez, Russell D. Hull, Alexander T. Cohen, Robert A. Harrington, Samuel Z. Goldhaber, C. Michael Gibson
Summary: The ADA score was validated for predicting thrombosis in a non-COVID-19 medically ill population. The score demonstrated good calibration for both arterial and venous thrombosis and was modestly superior to the IMPROVE score for venous thrombosis. However, there was no significant difference between the ADA and IMPROVE scores in discriminating arterial thrombosis. The findings support the use of either score for thrombosis risk assessment.
JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND THROMBOLYSIS
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Francesco Angelico, Francesco Baratta, Mattia Coronati, Domenico Ferro, Maria Del Ben
Summary: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common condition with multiple risk factors, including obesity, high blood pressure, and abnormal glucose and lipid levels. It is associated with increased cardiovascular risk and mortality. Dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet and DASH diet, as well as specific nutrients, can have a positive impact on MetS prevention and management. These include increased intake of fiber-rich foods, fish, dairy products, and a variety of unprocessed cereals, legumes, and fruits, while limiting saturated fats and free sugars.
INTERNAL AND EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Francesco Baratta, Nicholas Cocomello, Mattia Coronati, Domenico Ferro, Daniele Pastori, Francesco Angelico, Maria Del Ben
Summary: Randomized clinical trials have shown that there is a residual cardiovascular risk in patients treated with statins and other lipid-lowering drugs to target LDL-cholesterol. This risk is mainly associated with lipid components other than LDL, particularly remnant cholesterol (RC) and lipoproteins rich in triglycerides. RCs play a major role in the development of atherosclerosis, easily passing through the arterial wall and stimulating the progression of smooth muscle cells and resident macrophages. Further studies and clinical trials are needed to evaluate the effects of drugs on RC levels and the efficacy of reducing RC on cardiovascular events.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Federica Pulvirenti, Bianca Laura Cinicola, Simona Ferrari, Daniele Guadagnolo, Eleonora Sculco, Martina Capponi, Lorenzo Loffredo, Maddalena Sciannamea, Antonella Insalaco, Isabella Quinti, Fabrizio De Benedetti, Anna Maria Zicari
Summary: Deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is a rare systemic autoinflammatory disease caused by mutations in the ADA2 gene. This case study describes the phenotypic variability in DADA2, including fever, vasculitis, stroke, and hematologic dysfunction. Treatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy improved the clinical features. The study also suggests that heterozygous pathogenic variants may contribute to inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cristina Nocella, Alessandra D'Amico, Vittoria Cammisotto, Simona Bartimoccia, Valentina Castellani, Lorenzo Loffredo, Leonardo Marini, Giulia Ferrara, Matteo Testa, Giulio Motta, Beatrice Benazzi, Fabio Zara, Giacomo Frati, Sebastiano Sciarretta, Pasquale Pignatelli, Francesco Violi, Roberto Carnevale
Summary: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) is an enzyme complex that generates superoxide or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and plays a crucial role in various biological functions. Among its isoforms, NOX2 is widely expressed in different cell types and is involved in regulating immunity and pathologies associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Modulating NOX2 activity is an important therapeutic strategy to reduce damage caused by its hyperactivation. This review analyzes the mechanisms of NOX2 activation and regulation, its role in innate immunity, pathologies associated with its hyperactivation, and the latest inhibitory strategies.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bianca Laura Cinicola, Ilaria Maria Palumbo, Arianna Pannunzio, Roberto Carnevale, Simona Bartimoccia, Vittoria Cammisotto, Martina Capponi, Giulia Brindisi, Francesca Salvatori, Francesco Barilla, Francesco Martino, Alessandra D'Amico, Roberto Poscia, Alberto Spalice, Anna Maria Zicari, Francesco Violi, Lorenzo Loffredo
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the behavior of low grade endotoxemia, oxidative stress and platelet activation in offspring of patients with early myocardial infarction. The results showed that offspring of patients with early myocardial infarction had higher levels of LPS, oxidative stress and platelet activation, and lower nitric oxide bioavailability. These findings suggest that offspring of patients with early myocardial infarction have low grade endotoxemia that could generate oxidative stress and platelet activation, increasing their cardiovascular risk.
Article
Hematology
Roberto Carnevale, Martina Leopizzi, Marcello Dominici, Giulia d'Amati, Simona Bartimoccia, Cristina Nocella, Vittoria Cammisotto, Alessandra D'Amico, Valentina Castellani, Francesco Baratta, Alessia Bertelli, Alessio Arrivi, Danilo Toni, Manuela De Michele, Pasquale Pignatelli, Rossella Marcucci, Francesco Violi
Summary: Patients with vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) exhibit enhanced thrombogenesis through PAD4-mediated NETs formation via cathepsin G-mediated platelet/neutrophil interaction.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Paolo Ciacci, Aurora Paraninfi, Federica Orlando, Silvia Rella, Enrico Maggio, Alessandra Oliva, Roberto Cangemi, Roberto Carnevale, Simona Bartimoccia, Vittoria Cammisotto, Alessandra D'Amico, Arianna Magna, Cristina Nocella, Claudio Maria Mastroianni, Pasquale Pignatelli, Francesco Violi, Lorenzo Loffredo
Summary: This study found that patients with COVID-19 have endothelial dysfunction, which is related to poor prognosis. The study also investigated the interplay among flow-mediated dilation (FMD), NADPH oxidase type 2 (NOX-2), and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in hospitalized patients, including those with COVID-19 pneumonia (CP), community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and controls (CT). The results showed that COVID-19 patients had higher levels of LPS, sNOX2-dp, H2O2, TNF-α, IL-6, and zonulin, while FMD, HBA, and NO bioavailability were lower. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a negative correlation between FMD and sNOX2-dp, H2O2, TNF-α, IL-6, LPS, and zonulin, and a positive correlation with NO bioavailability and HBA. Multiple linear regression analysis identified LPS as the only predictor of FMD.
MICROVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Enrico Maggio, Valeria Proietti Bocchini, Roberto Carnevale, Pasquale Pignatelli, Francesco Violi, Lorenzo Loffredo
Summary: A previous study found that vitamin E is effective in reducing the incidence of myocardial infarction only when taken without other antioxidants. It is unclear if it has the same effect on stroke. This meta-analysis compares the effect of vitamin E supplementation alone or combined with other antioxidants on the incidence of stroke.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Vittorio Picchio, Giulio Ferrero, Claudia Cozzolino, Barbara Pardini, Erica Floris, Sonia Tarallo, Xhulio Dhori, Cristina Nocella, Lorenzo Loffredo, Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai, Roberto Carnevale, Giacomo Frati, Isotta Chimenti, Francesca Pagano
Summary: This study defines for the first time the miRNA profile in the serum of chronic exclusive heat-not-burn cigarette smokers and suggests a significant impact of heat-not-burn cigarettes on circulating miRNAs.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)